The document outlines the essential aspects of blood transfusion services, emphasizing the necessity for a well-organized system that includes donor recruitment, screening, and blood collection. It discusses procedures to ensure safe blood donation, processing, and storage, as well as the importance of legislative support and cooperation with healthcare institutions. Additionally, the document highlights challenges related to donor reactions and the testing for transfusion-transmitted infections.

1. Blood transfusion-I (Basics)
- Donor - Blood bank - Recipient
Dr. Dibyajyoti Prusty, MD
Haematologist, Haemato-oncologist
SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack
#Blood_Basics
#Blood_Basics
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2. Blood Transfusion Service

3. Complex organization, requiring careful
designing and management.
Centralized, regionalized, hospital based
or combined
Strategy for the screening of all donated
blood for transfusion-transmitted
infections
Effective legislation governing the
operation of blood transfusion service

4. Good LABORATORY PRACTICES
in blood bank
To provide safe and adequate
blood and its components to
meet patients need
The maintenance of a register of
voluntary non-remunerated blood
donors

5. Officer responsible for the blood donation
programme
Monitoring and evaluation of clinical use of blood.
To promote cooperation between the blood
transfusion services with: (Hospitals, educational institutes,
religious, social and industrial organizations, mass media and the general
public.)

6. DONORS RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES
Pure Voluntary Recruitment
strategy
Social Persuasion-based
Recruitment Strategy
Remunerated-based
Donations

7. ORGANIZATION OF OUT-DOOR BLOOD
DONATION CAMPS
 Blood donor organizer
 Informative posters, brochures
 Dealings with donors
 Staff
 Incentives
 light refreshment and donors cards
 Annual award ceremonies

8. Donors Selection and Blood Collection
 DONOR SCREENING : Consent form
 (1) Registration, consent of the donor, donation.
 (2) Medical history
 (3) Limited physical examination
 (4) Simple laboratory test
 High Risk Group Donors for HIV Transmission:
-Refrain them from blood donation
 BLOOD DONORS QUESTIONNAIRE

9. History
Occupational hazards
Respiratory Infections
Pregnancy and Abortion
Surgical Procedures
Heart Diseases
Seizures
Fever
Kidney diseases
Vaccination
MEDICATION
 HIV Infection / AIDS
 Viral Hepatitis
 MALARIA
 Syphilis
 Tuberculosis

10. Donors with Red Cell Abnormalities
 Thalassemia Trait
 (G-6-PD) deficiency
 Polycythemia Vera

11. EXAMINATION
• General Appearance
• Age
• Weight
• Blood Pressure/pulse
• Donation Interval
• Donor Skin
• Systemic Examination
LABORATORY TESTS:
• Hemoglobin (or Hematocrit):
-should not be less than 12.5 g/dl (or 38% Hct)
Methods: 1. Specific gravity method
2. Sahlis method
3. Cyanmethaemoglobin method
• ABO and Rh (D) Blood Grouping

12. COLLECTION OF
BLOOD

13. Equipment and Materials
 Blood Containers: (PVC) plastic bags which are closed system of single, double or triple
bags for collection of 350 ml or 450 ml blood
 Sphygmomanometer, automatic mixing of blood and weighing of blood bag machine
 Sterile cotton swabs and band-aids/bandages
 Methylated spirit, tincture of iodine, providone-iodine solution (1 %) & alcohol
 Emergency drugs
 Blood Volume : Anticoagulant Solution
 Plastic clips, stripper, di-electric tube sealer or aluminium clips, sealer, cutter

15. METHOD OF PHLEBOTOMY

16. Concentrate on the Donor always…
 Clean
 Venipuncture
 Constant observation
 One ml of blood weighs 1.05 g. Thus, 350 ml of blood weighs 367 g. and 450 ml weighs
472 g
 Clamp the tubing of the bag
 Remove blood pressure cuff or tourniquet.
 Take the bag to the processing table
 Keep the blood bag at 2-6°C in the refrigerator immediately after collection
 Light refreshment!

17. ADVERSE DONOR REACTION
 Syncope
 Tetany
 Nausea and vomiting
 Hematoma
 Convulsions
 Cardiac problems

18. PROCESSING OF DONOR BLOOD
 Number of donation on the blood
bag. Processing pilot tube and donor
record.
 ABO group
 Rh group
 Screening and Identification of
Antibodies (AHG)

19. Tests for blood transmissible diseases:
front line and residual risk
Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV by ELISA
Test for anti-HIV 1 and 2 by ELISA
Test for syphilis - Floculation test, Veneral Disease
Research Laboratory (VDRL) assay or Rapid Plasma
Regin (RPR) assay.
Test for malarial parasites: smear, antigen, antibodies

20. Blood Components
 Whole Blood
 Packed Red Cells
 Red Cells - Leucocytes Reduced
 Red Cells –Washed
 Red Cells –Frozen with glycerol
• Platelets
• Platelets, Apheresis
• Granulocytes
• FFP
• Cryoprecipitated AHF (Cryoprecipetate)

22. Preservation and Storage Of Blood
 APPROVED PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS : ACD, CPD, CP2D, CPDA-1
 RED CELLS PRESERVATION : (Decrease in pH Build up of lactic acid Decrease in
glucose consumption Decrease in ATP level Low 2,3-DPG levels )
 RED CELL FREEZING ( using glycerol) :The frozen red cells can be stored for 10
years
-For rare blood groups, antibodies against high frequency antigens, Storage of blood
for autotransfusion, Prevention of non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction,
Prevention of sensitization against HLA antigens

23. PLATELET PRESERVATION
 Platelets stored in bags made of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
 Platelets should be stored at 22-24° C
(controlled temperature)
 continuous gentle agitation in platelet
incubator and agitator.

24. FRESH FROZEN PLASMA (FFP)
 Shelf life of FFP is 12 months at - 18°C or lower
 Shelf-life of Single donor plasma is 5 years at -18° C or lower

25. CRYOPRECIPITATE
 stored for 12 months at -18° C or lower

26. GRANULOCYTES
 The shelf life of granulocytes is 24 hours at 22-24 C
 do not need agitation

27. SHIPPING OF BLOOD PRODUCTS
The blood during shipment be kept between 2-10°C.
With in the hospital- insulated carrier or in cold insulated
boxes if the ambient temperature is more than 25° C.
Shipping of Platelets- with no ice, to maintain the
temperature between 20-24° C.
Shipping of Frozen Components- Fresh frozen plasma and
cryoprecipitate must be shipped at -18° C or below (Dry
ice)

28. INE
THANK YOU

29. Q & A

30. Qn1. According to Landstainer’s law, if an agglutinogen is
present in the red cells of a blood, then which type of agglutinin
is present in plasma?
 A. Specific agglutinin
 B. Corresponding agglutinin
 C. Indirect agglutinin
 D. Non of these

31. Qn. 2. In which grouping, the patient’s red cells are mixed with
serum containing anti-D antibodies?
 A. ABO Grouping
 B. Rh grouping
 C. MN grouping
 D. Both A & B

32. Qn.3. What is the possibility of genotype of blood group ‘O’ ?
 1. AB
 2. AO
 3. OO
 4. AA

33. Qn.4. During storage of blood in CPD, which is used for
providing energy to RBCs?
 A. Citrate
 B. Glucose
 C. Acid Phosphatase
 D. All of these

34. Qn. 5. Transfusion of blood previously collected from the same
person is called?
 A. Directed transfusion
 B. Allogenic transfusion
 C. Autologus transfusion
 D. Syngenic transfusion

35. Qn. 6. Soft spin is used for separation of ?
 A. Platelete from FFP
 B. Platelet Poor plasma from Red cells
 C. Platelet rich plasma from Red cells
 D. Cryoprecipetate from Plasma

36. Qn. 7. The most rapid method for haemoglobin estimation for
blood donation camps in remote areas ?
 A. Spectrophotometer method
 B. Copper sulphate Specific gravity method
 C. Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer
 D. All can be used

37. Qn. 8 Front line screening of transfusion transmitted infections
are done by?
 A. ELISA
 B. Rapid Ag Testing kits
 C. NAAT
 D. Chemiluminoscense method

38. Qn. 9 National voluntary blood donation day celebrated on?
 A. October 14th
 B. June 1st
 C. October 1st
 D. June 14th

39. Qn. 10. Identify the symbol and the organisation associated with
it.
 A. Red Plus- Indian Red Plus Society
 B. Red Cross- Indian Red Cross Society
 C. Red Square - Indian Red Square Society
 D. Non of these