Blood transfusion services play a vital role in providing safe blood and blood products to support various patient treatments. The functions of blood transfusion services include donor recruitment and record maintenance, blood collection and testing, organizing donation camps, and providing transfusions. A properly planned blood transfusion service with adequate facilities such as donor areas, laboratories, storage, and administrative spaces is an integral part of quality healthcare.

1. Blood
Transfusion
Services
Presented By: Jikhil John
I MHA
10/24/2022
Department Of Hospital Administration
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2. Introduction
Blood is the lifeline of the human body, supplying vital
oxygen to all its parts. Blood transfusion plays a vital role in
providing support to treatment of various categories of
patients. This ability to transfuse blood has been one of the
major advances of medical care. The potential risk of
transmission of blood donor disease has been sought to be
reduced by appropriate legislation through amendments in
the drugs and cosmetics rule, 1999; and significant policy
changes which provide guidelines and standards with regard
to planning, designing and space requirements for blood
transfusion services in India.
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3. Definition
Historically blood bank was defined as a medical facility,
designed, equipped and staffed to procure, draw, process, store
and distribute human blood and its derivatives.
Blood transfusion services in a hospital refers to the entire
activities which result in proper collection of blood from
voluntary donors, processing of the same, including mandatory
check for certain transmissible diseases and final issue of safe
blood for therapeutic use in patients.
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4. Objective
The primary objective of BTS in a hospital is to provide
adequate quantity of safe blood and blood products for the
patients in a cost effective and co-ordinated manner. One of
the objectives is also to ensure proper infection control and
biomedical waste management so that occupational hazards
are minimized.
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5. Functions
Recruitment of donors and maintenance of donor records.
Collection, preservation and distribution of blood and
blood and blood components.
Laboratory procedures like testing for Hepatitis B,
Hepatitis C and Malaria parasite.
Organizing of outreach programs for blood donation
camps in the community on a regular basis.
Clinical and therapeutic functions like transfusion and
day care service.
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6. Cont.…
Community awareness programs in close liaison with
mass media for motivating people to donate blood.
Community awareness programs for transfusion
transmitted disease.
Maintaining a database for various types of blood groups;
particularly rare blood groups; with details of contact
telephone numbers/ E-Mail ID etc.
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7. Importance
• To establish a National Council for Blood Transfusion at
Centre, State and UT level.
• To license all blood banks.
• To stop professional blood donating systems
• To enact, legislation, for regulating, collection,
processing, storage and issue of blood and blood
components.
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8. Levels Of Blood Banks
• 3-7 units of blood. 1000-6000 UOB
consumed per year like district hospital blood
bank
Category 1
• 8-15 UOB/year . 6000-15000 UOB consumed
per year (400 to 1000 bed hospital like
medical college hospital blood banks)
Category 2
• 16 UOB/year more than 15000 UOB
consumed per year(more than 1000 bed
hospital)
Category 3
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9. Location
The ideal location of the blood transfusion services is on the
ground floor with prominent signage for donors and
patients. It should be close to accident and emergency
services and hematology department. Proximity to
operation theatre complex though desirable may not be
feasible in multi-storied buildings which are generally the
trend nowadays. A proper access with ample parking space
definitely adds more appeal to donors.
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10. Key planning and Design
Parameters
• The following factors must be considered while planning
a blood transfusion service as a part of hospital type
which provides service to a number of hospitals:
 Should be situated away from public lavatories,
restrooms, crowded areas, and other unhygienic
surroundings.
Premises should be well-lighted ventilated and mesh
screened to prevent entry of flies and other insects.
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11. Physical Facilities and
Space
Donor
recruitment
office
Bleeding
complex
Therapeutic
area
Laboratories
Administration
area
Teaching and
training facility
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13. Public access areas
Donor reception office, counseling room, medical
examination room, bleeding complex and refreshment
room.
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14. Storage and issue
counter
Adequate and appropriate storage facility is an imperative
requirement and it should have proximity to the issue
counter. The issue counter should be prominently displayed
and open on a hospital corridor near to accident and
emergency and the hospital vertical transportation system.
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15. Donor recruitment office
Is the most vital activity for any blood bank. Recruiting
voluntary donors requires spread of public awareness
through mass media. Keeping in mind the donor
recruitment office should have the following facilities.
i. Donor organizer’s space
ii. Space for clerical space
iii. Telephone with intercom facility
iv. Computer for database management for recording and
retrieval of data
v. Facility for printing and publicity material
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17. Bleeding complex
It should be close to the front entrance to ensure easy
visibility, it will consist of the following rooms:
i. Reception room
ii. Examination room
iii. Bleeding room
iv. Rest room
v. Treatment room
vi. Pantry
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18. Space Required
This room is connected with the reception room on one side
and donors resting room on the other. However no free
traffic should be permitted through this room to avoid
chances of infection. Area of this room should be 15ft X
15ft. It should house two couches/table for bleeding. This
room is usually air conditioned.
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19. Therapeutic area
The area will consist of the facilities required for blood
transfusion of patients in case of those who require frequent
transfusion of blood or blood components like patients of
Thalassemia.
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20. Laboratory
Are broadly sub-divided into those areas which process donor
samples; and those which are used for component separation;
either basic or advanced; depending upon the type of hospital.
There should be minimum movement of the persons in the
corridor of the of the laboratory and limited access of the
outsiders. The processing typing and cross matching of blood is
performed in this area. The laboratories of the blood banks are of
following types.
i. Laboratory for processing donors blood
ii. Blood component laboratory will have to prepare for :
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21.  Basic work:
 Fresh frozen plasma
 Platelets
 Packed RBC
 Relevant coagulation work
 Advance work:
• Freeze dried and heated coagulation factors
• Plasma fraction
 Infectious disease laboratory:
 HIV
 Syphilis
 Hepatitis C virus
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22. Space Required
Laboratory gets divided into two parts. One section is for
blood group serology and another for screening the blood
for HIV antibodies, Hepatitis B antigen and malaria. Most
of the upgraded blood banks now have component
separation laboratory. It is desirable to have a separate area
for this activity. Area required is 12ft X 12ft.
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23. Administrative area
This area will consist of the following facilities:
• Consultant’s chambers
• Department office
• Administrative room
• Staff’s common room
• Store room
• Toilet
• Housekeeping room
• PRO’s room
• Medico Social Worker room
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24. Teaching and training
facilities
i. Conference room
ii. Demonstration room
iii. Departmental library
iv. Reading room
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25. Physical Layout
In general, the physical layout of a blood transfusion service
should ensure donor accessibility and comfort in public
access areas; minimal outside influence and less traffic in
laboratory areas. The issue counter should be near the
emergency cross-matching lab, administrative and general
area should be at a strategic location for a better
observation.
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26. Other physical facilities
i. Water supply: It should be pyrogen free water.
ii. Electric supply: Round the clock electricity is must to
maintain the cold storage temperature, for storage
temperature, for storage of blood and blood
components.
iii. Sewage disposal system.
iv. Storage system: There should be proper storage facility
for storage of blood and blood components separately.
v. Steam: Adequate supply of steam for cleaning of the
glassware, equipment and of sterilizer.
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28. Conclusion
Blood transfusion Services have evolved from being part of
the laboratory services to become an integral part of all
large hospitals. A properly Planned blood transfusion
services is of a quality healthcare services.
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29. FAQs
• What's the Importance of a blood bank? - April/May
2016
• Write a short note on Blood bank regulations under Drugs
and Cosmetics Rules- May 2017
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30. References
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