Blood supply (anatomy)
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The document discusses the blood supply to different parts of the body including the brain, upper extremities, and branches of the abdominal portion of the aorta. It likely focuses on the arteries that carry oxygenated blood to these key areas.
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The document discusses the electrical activity and cardiac output of the heart. It explains that the sinoatrial node acts as the natural pacemaker by producing pacemaker potentials that stimulate action potentials throughout the heart via gap junctions. Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped per minute, which is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. The document lists several factors that regulate cardiac output, including neural influences on heart rate, venous return, contractility, total peripheral resistance, end diastolic volume, and blood pressure in the arterioles.
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1) Fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria to break them down into acetyl-CoA units, releasing energy.
2) Beta-oxidation involves a four-step cycle that removes two-carbon acetyl-CoA units from the fatty acid.
3) The complete breakdown of a fatty acid like stearic acid yields 9 acetyl-CoA molecules which enter the citric acid cycle, producing a total of 146 ATP molecules through electron transport chain reactions.
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen metabolism involves the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate through glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis occurs in three steps: 1) glycogen phosphorylase cleaves glucose from glycogen, 2) transferase and alpha-1,6-glucosidase remodel glycogen to allow further degradation, and 3) phosphoglucomutase converts glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate. In liver, glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose for blood glucose regulation. In muscle, glucose-6-phosphate enters glycolysis for rapid energy production.
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Nucleic acids
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Urinary system
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Skin
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is the largest organ of the body and has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium in multiple layers that acts as a protective barrier. Below this is the dermis, which contains hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, nerves, and supplies the epidermis with nutrients. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, connects the skin to underlying tissue. Together these layers allow the skin to regulate temperature, protect the body, and sense the environment.
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The liver performs many vital functions: (1) It filters blood from the digestive system and removes toxins. (2) It regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, storing glucose and producing cholesterol. (3) It synthesizes proteins and aids in protein metabolism, forming urea to remove ammonia from the body. The liver's high blood flow and unique lobule structure enable these diverse metabolic roles.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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