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1. BAHAWALPUR INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL
SCIENCES
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Prepared By
Rawal Rafiq Leghari
Group Members
Rawal Rafiq
Hanan Pervaiz
Muhammad Bilal
Muhammad Mustaqeem
Yasmeen Ijaz
Asia Parveen

2. BLOOD SUGAR
Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found
in your blood.
It is your body’s primary source of energy. It comes
from the food you eat.
Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose
and releases it into your bloodstream. When your
blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to
release insulin.

3. TYPES
High Blood Sugar:
High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, is a condition where there is an
excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It can occur when the body
doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body becomes resistant to insulin.
Blood Sugar can be high if you:
• Eat too much food
• Are under stress
• Don’t take enough medicine
• Are sick

4. Sign& Symptoms of High Blood Sugar
• If you have blood sugarof often or at certain times of the day, tell
your doctor or diabeties Educator,
• You should also tell them if you’ve sign and symptoms of High Blood
Sugar such as:
• Feeling tired
• Urination a lot
• Feeling thirsty
• Blurry Vision

5. Low Blood Sugar
• Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, is a
condition where the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
drops below normal.
• It can cause symptoms like dizziness, shakiness, sweating,
confusion, and weakness.
• It’s important to treat low blood sugar promptly by
consuming foods or drinks that contain sugar, like fruit juice
or glucose tablets.

6. Risk Factors
•Family history of diabetes,
•Being overweight or obese
• Leading a sedentary lifestyle
•Having high blood pressure
•Having unhealthy eating habits.

7. Sign And Symptoms
• Frequent urination. Most people urinate four to seven times in a
day. ...
• Excessive thirst. ...
• Extreme hunger. ...
• Weakness/fatigue. ...
• Pins and needles. ...
• Blurry vision. ...
• Itchy skin. ...
• Slow healing wounds and increased skin infections.

9. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
1. Regular monitoring:
Nurses often check blood sugar levels at scheduled intervals to track
any fluctuations or abnormalities.
2. Medication administration:
Nurses ensure that patients receive their prescribed medications, such
as insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, at the correct dosage and time
3.Dietary guidance:
Nurses provide education on healthy eating habits and help patients
develop meal plans that promote stable blood sugar levels.

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3. Dietary guidance:
Nurses provide education on healthy eating habits and help patients develop
meal plans that promote stable blood sugar levels.
4. Physical activity promotion:
Nurses encourage patients to engage in regular exercise or physical activity, as it
can help regulate blood sugar levels.
5. Patient education:
Nurses educate patients about the signs and symptoms of high or low blood sugar
levels and teach them how to respond appropriately.
6. Collaboration with healthcare team:
Nurses work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as doctors and
dietitians, to develop comprehensive care plans for patients with diabetes or
other blood sugar-related conditions.

11. TREATMENT
1. Medication:
- Insulin therapy: People with type 1 diabetes often require insulin
injections to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Oral medications: For type 2 diabetes, oral medications may be
prescribed to help control blood sugar.
2. Dietary changes:
- Balanced meals: Following a healthy eating plan that includes a
balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats can help regulate blood
sugar levels.
- Portion control: Monitoring portion sizes and avoiding excessive
sugar and refined carbohydrates can be beneficial.
- Glycemic index: Some people find it helpful to choose foods with a
lower glycemic index to prevent blood sugar spikes.

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3. Physical activity:
- Regular exercise: Engaging in physical activity, such as walking,
jogging, or cycling, can help lower blood sugar levels and improve
insulin sensitivity.
4. Blood sugar monitoring:
- Self-monitoring: Regularly checking blood sugar levels using a
glucose meter can provide valuable information for treatment
adjustments.

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5. Stress management:
- Stress reduction techniques, such as deep breathing exercises,
meditation, or engaging in hobbies, can help manage blood sugar
levels.
6. Regular healthcare visits:
- Routine check-ups with healthcare professionals, such as doctors
and diabetes educators, can ensure proper management and
adjustment of treatment plans.