The document discusses the significance of blockchain technology and its potential impact on various industries, highlighting its advantages such as decentralization, security, and efficiency. It emphasizes the need for trust in digital interactions and the shortcomings of the current internet infrastructure. The workshop also touches on engaging product design, focusing on user motivation, triggers, and the concept of investment in technology products.

1. Rajeev Soni
Entrepreneur, Product Manager & Technology Enthusiast
Workshop on "Emerging Trends in Digital World“, 08 March 2017

2. Blockchain

3. Why should you care?
“Every informed person needs to know
about Bitcoin because it might be one of
the world’s most important
developments.” Leon Luow, Nobel Peace
prize nominee
“The blockchain is one of the most
fundamental inventions in the
history of computer science”. Marc
Andreessen, co-founder, Netscape
and Andreessen Horowitz
“Blockchains are at the heart of the
Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Klaus
Schwab, Founder and Executive
Chairman, World Economic Forum
“The blockchain is to trust as the Internet
is to information. Like the original
Internet, blockchain has potential to
transform everything.” Joichi Ito,
Director, MIT Media Lab
“Instead of putting the taxi driver out of a job, blockchain puts Uber out of a job and
lets the taxi driver work with the customer directly.” Vitalik Buterin, Founder Ethereum

4. “In the last nine months of 2016, $1.4
billion has been invested globally in
blockchain startups.”
- PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)

5. Trust Protocol

6. Why do you need trust on the internet?

8. Pitfalls of the internet the way it is now
•Security: Data is centralized so it is hackable
•Inaccessibility: Not everyone can use the features
because of the cost involved in servicing them.
•Slow: Traditional checks and balances system still in place
due to lack of trust
•Expensive: Intermediaries take their pound of flesh
•Privacy: Intermediaries profile and monetize our
personal information at the cost of our privacy

9. Blockchain
• Based upon distributed Ledger.
• Is replicated across a number of systems in almost real-time.
• Usually exists over a peer-to-peer network.
• Uses cryptography and digital signatures to prove identity,
authenticity and enforce read/write access rights.
• Has mechanisms to make it hard to change historical records, or
at least make it easy to detect when someone is trying to do so.

10. Advantages of Blockchain
• Open: Every one authorized to see can see everything. Almost
(Private Blockchains)
• Distributed: All nodes on the network has same copy of Blockchain
on their system. Instead of a central authority, all stakeholders of a
Blockchain network keep a copy of all transactions done on the
network.
• Encryption: Powerful encryption and security protocols.
• Efficiency: Since transactions start with trust, no settlement
necessary. Almost realtime.

11. Think of “blockchain technology” as a
collection of technologies, a bit like a
box of Lego. From the box, you can
take out different bricks and put them
together in different ways to create
different results.

12. Ledgers can be ‘public’ in two senses:
1. Anyone, without permission granted by another
authority, can write data
2. Anyone, without permission granted by another
authority, can read data
Usually, when people talk about public blockchains, they
mean anyone-can-write.
Public Blockchains

13. Private Blockchains
• A ‘private’ blockchain network is where the
participants are known and trusted: for example, an
industry group, or a group of companies owned by an
umbrella company.
• Many of the mechanisms aren’t needed – or rather
they are replaced with legal contracts.
This changes the technical decisions as to which bricks
are used to build the solution.

14. But what the heck
is blockchain?

15. A blockchain is just a file
A blockchain by itself is just a data structure. That is,
how data is logically put together and stored. Other
data structures are databases (rows, columns, tables),
text files, comma separated values (csv), images, lists,
and so on. You can think of a blockchain competing
most closely with a database.

16. Blocks in a chain <=> Pages in a book
Each block references the previous block, not by ‘block number’, but by the
block’s fingerprint, which is cleverer than a page number because the
fingerprint itself is determined by the contents of the block.

17. Structure of a Blockchain

18. Base Cryptographic techniques used
1. Hashes: A Hash is a mathematical function which is,
1. One way, easy to compute and impossible to reverse
2. Converts string of arbitrary length to string of fixed length
3. Hypersensitive: It changes its value with the slightest change in
the document. It enables easy encryption
2. Public/Private Key encryption:
1. Public & Private keys are pairs of numbers, where one number
can decrypt a string with its pair number
2. Public Key is a universally published number while the other
number is kept private

19. Blockchain solves specific problems
 Fully distributed – Highly fault tolerant
 No centralized authority
 3rd party trust – without trust
 Low barriers to entry: Computer + Internet = Win
 Instant global transactions capability
 No double spending
 Very low transaction costs

22. Immense opportunities exist in:
• Healthcare
• Governance
• IoT
• Legal
• Supply Chain
• Transportation
• Peer-to-peer services
• Art
• Etc…etc…etc…

23. Questions

24. Building an engaging
technology product
- Rajeev Soni

25. What are some of the most engaging
tech products you know and use?

27. The
Hook
Model

29. Trigger

30. Triggers cue the user to take action
External
• Paid Trigger
• Earned Trigger
• Relationship Trigger
• Owned triggers
Internal

31. Exercise
•Which internal trigger do you experience
frequently?
•What might be places and times to send an
external trigger?

33. Trigger
+
Ability
+
Motivation
Action

34. Trigger
+
Ability
+
Motivation
Action

35. How can you improve someone’s ability?
Make what they need to do simple.

36. Elements of Simplicity
• Time—how long it takes to complete an action
• Money—the fiscal cost of taking an action
• Physical effort—the amount of labor involved in taking
the action
• Brain cycles—the level of mental effort and focus required
• Social deviance—how accepted the behavior is by others
• Non-routine—The action matches or disrupts existing
routines

37. Trigger
+
Ability
+
Motivation
Action

38. Motivation

42. Rewards of the tribe — Gratification from others.
Rewards of the hunt — Material goods, money, or
information.
Rewards of the self — Mastery, completion,
competency, or consistency.

43. Exercise
•What rewards do you get from the products you
use everyday?

45. Investment
 Unlike the action phase, which delivers
immediate gratification, the investment phase
concerns the anticipation of rewards in the
future.
Can you give some examples?

46. Investment
 Investments in a product create preferences.
What products do you prefer? Why?

47. Investment
 Investments increase the likelihood of users
returning by improving the service the more it
is used. They enable the accumulation of
stored value in the form of content, data,
followers, reputation, or skill.
How do you create value for the products you use?

48. Investment
 Investments increase the likelihood of users
passing through the Hook again by loading the
next trigger to start the cycle all over again.
Assess your own behavior and see how you get hooked?

54. Thank you
Questions
rajeev@rajeevsoni.com
@rajsoni