The document discusses the need to retrofit existing homes to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. It outlines Radian's "Generation Homes" project from 2006-2007 that retrofitted 6 homes from the 1950s with energy efficiency upgrades and renewable technologies. On average £25,000 was spent per home, achieving CO2 reductions of 43-74% and running cost savings of 0-56%. While resident satisfaction was mixed, the project demonstrated the potential for deep retrofits to cut emissions from the housing sector.

1. ECO RETROFIT
Martha Slade – Managing Code Assessor

2. WHY REDUCE CO2
EMISSIONS?
CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSING
• Severe Droughts leading to food shortages
and price rises
• Increased Flooding leading to devastating
effects on local eco systems and humans’
habitat and livelihoods(Pakistan)
• Destruction of Rainforests - WWF estimate
70% loss of species by end 21st century

3. WHY REDUCE CO2
EMISSIONS
LOCAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• Coastal erosion
• Increased flooding
• Water resource problems
• Rising to the Challenge – Impacts of
Climate Change on the South East in the
21st century (WS Atkins, Epsom)

4. CLIMATE CHANGE
LEGISLATION AND
TARGETS
• WILL BE COVERED BY RICHARD WADE,
BLAKE LAPTHORN

5. SO WHY RETROFIT?
• HOME ENERGY USE RESPONSIBLE FOR
27% OF UK CO2 EMISSIONS (BRE)
• OLDEST HOUSING STOCK IN DEVELOPED
WORLD – 8.6M PROPERTIES ARE OVER 60
YEARS OLD OR 39% OF ALL (EHCS 2007)

6. INCREASED FUEL
POVERTY
• RISING FUEL PRICES CAUSE HIGHER
LEVELS OF FUEL POVERTY AT A CRITICAL
TIME FOR LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
• DURING 2008 4.5m (1 IN 6 OF ALL) UK
HOUSEHOLDS WERE DEFINED AS BEING IN
FUEL POVERTY WITH 1.72m FUEL POOR
OLDER HOUSEHOLDS
• FROM 2004 TO 2008 FUEL PRICES ROSE
ON AVERAGE BY 80% (DECC)

7. RETROFIT TO
REDUCE FUEL POVERTY
• PAUL CINIGLIO WILL TALK ABOUT HOW
RADIAN HAVE BEEN RETROFITTING TO
HELP THEIR MOST VULNERABLE RESIDENTS

8. HOW TO RETROFIT?
• IS THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY UP TO THE
CHALLENGE OF RETROFITTING TO REDUCE CO2
EMISSIONS
•50% OF EXISTING STOCK IS HARD TO HEAT
WITH SOLID WALLS/NO LOFT SPACE
•
•SHOULD WE CONCENTRATE ON FABRIC
IMPROVEMENT AND/OR INSTALL
RENEWABLES?

9. SOME ANSWERS
• PAUL CINIGIO WILL ALSO INTRODUCE PARITY
PROJECTS’ SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMME
•TONY BROOME WILL DESCRIBE SOME
RETROFIT SCHEMES COMPLETED BY UNITED
HOUSE WITH COMPARISONS OF COSTS
•JAMES BULL WILL TALK ABOUT THE
PRACTICALITIES OF RETROFITTING PV
SYSTEMS AS EXPERIENCED BY HBS

10. RUND AND
RETROFIT
• OUR SUSTAINABILITY TEAM ARE
PARTICIPATING IN THE BRE DOMESTIC
REFURBISHMENT PILOT (14 SCHEMES
NATIONWIDE)
•WE ARE MONITORING THE RETROFIT OF A
VICTORIAN HOUSE AS DESIGNED BY RBA
ARCHITECTS AND WITH WORKS BY PMC
CONSTRUCTION TO FEED INTO A NEW BRE
CODE FOR DOMESTIC REFURBISHMENT

11. Climate Change Act
and Beyond …
Richard Wade
Partner, Head of Construction
Blake Lapthorn
Eco Retrofit - Reducing
Domestic Carbon Emissions
21 October 2010

12. Overview
• Attitude (industry and legislature)
• The current legal framework
• What does the future hold?
• Planning overview

13. Attitudes (1)
Construction Industry – CIOB Survey; “The Green
Perspective”
Sample of 847 construction industry professionals
(company directors and management)
98% consider industry has role to play in solution to
climate change; 54% consider industry participation in
reducing CO2 levels as “vital”
Current UK building regulations do not go far enough to
create energy efficient buildings (66.6%)
Demand for energy efficient buildings on increase (73%)
Green building is the future for construction (94.6%)
Lack of financial incentives and client demand holding
back zero carbon construction (44.9%)

14. Attitudes (2)
Government/EU Targets
Rio, Kyoto and the IPCC
“20-20-20 Agreement”
Reduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 levels by 80%
by 2050
Greater use of renewable power, energy efficiency
and capping carbon emissions by use of budgets
every 5 years

15. Attitudes (3)
Waste Strategy
Estimates 2001-2005 construction waste relatively stable (£90 million
tonnes p.a.)
Approximately 50% of construction waste recycled
Waste Strategy Report WS2007 set “future direction of waste policy”
with number of proposals including:-
– Incentivising efforts to reduce, reuse, recycle and recover energy
from waste
– Reform regulation to drive reduction of waste “divert from landfill”
– Target action on materials, products and sectors with greater scope
for improving environmental/economic outcomes
– Stimulate investment
– Improve national, regional and local governance with clearer
performance and framework to deliver better action/services

16. What is currently in place?
Climate Change Act 2008
Landfill Tax
SWMPs
WEEE Regulations
Code for Sustainable Homes
EPCs
BREEAM
WRAP tool
CRC Efficiency Scheme (Carbon Reduction Commitment)
FITs/ROCs

17. Climate Change Act 2008
Royal assent/commencement 26 November 2008
“enhances the UK's ability to adapt to the impact of climate change” (DEFRA)
Establishes
– UK wide climate change risk assessment every five years;
– national adaptation programme;
– Government power to require ’bodies with functions of a public nature’ and
‘statutory undertakers’ (companies like water and energy utilities) to report
on:-
how they have assessed the risks of climate change to their work; and
what they are doing to address these risks;
– Provision of Statutory Guidance on how to undertake a climate risk
assessment and draw up an adaptation action plan;
– Adaptation Sub-Committee of the independent Committee on Climate
Change in order to:-
oversee progress on the Adapting to Climate Change Programme; and
advise on the risk assessment.
Primarily aimed at meeting emissions target and tackling domestic waste

18. Landfill Tax
Governed by secondary legislation (statutory instrument)
Applies to all waste:
– disposed of by way of landfill
– at a licensed landfill site
– on or after 1 October 1996
(unless the waste is specifically exempt)
The current rate £48 per tonne - increases by £8 per annum
(standard rate) from 1 April each year
Some exemptions (dredging, quarrying/mining, reclamation of
contaminated land)

19. Site Waste Management Plans
Became mandatory on 6 April 2008 …
… for all construction projects costing over £300,000
Objective of halving amount of waste going to landfill by 2012
Also governed by statutory instrument (2008 Regulations);
compliance with Regulation condition precedent to work
Requires one person to be in charge of plan (usually “Principal
Contractor”)
Principal Contractor responsible for:-
– Obtaining relevant information from subbies
– Ensuring SWMP kept on site
– Informing all contractors where SWMP is kept
– Allowing access to SWMP
– Keeping SWMP for 2 years post completion

20. WEEE Regulations
2006 Regulations, updated January 2008
Aimed at preventing waste from electronic and
electrical equipment (promoting collection, reuse and
recycling)
Regulations affect small businesses as well as large
– no exemptions for SMEs

21. Code for Sustainable Homes
national standard for the sustainable design and
construction of new homes
aims to reduce our carbon emissions and create homes
that are more sustainable
measures sustainability of a new home against categories
of sustainable design, rating the ‘whole home’ as a
complete package
uses a 1 to 6 star rating system to communicate the
overall sustainability performance of a new home
sets minimum standards for energy and water use

22. Energy Performance Certificates
EPCs contain:-
– information on a home's energy use and carbon dioxide emissions
– recommendation report with suggestions to reduce energy use and carbon
dioxide emissions
c.27 per cent of UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from domestic homes
required when a building is constructed, rented or sold
Exceptions:-
– places of worship
– temporary buildings that will be used for less than two years
– standalone buildings with total useful floor area of less than 50 square
metres that are not used to provide living accommodation for a single
household
– industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings that
don't use a lot of energy

23. BREEAM
BRE Environmental Assessment Method
Objectives:-
– to provide market recognition for low environmental impact
buildings
– Incorporation of “best environmental practice”
– a tool to help reduce running costs, improve working and living
environments
– to enables developers and designers to prove the environmental
credentials of their buildings to planners and clients.

24. WRAP – The Waste and Resources Action
Programme
“Net Waste Tool”
Enables contractors to forecast waste generated by a project,
suggests reduction opportunities and identifies management
strategy
Any business signing up required to:-
– Measure waste
– Set targets
– Monitor performance
– Report on progress
WRAP also looking for “waste leaders”

25. CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (Carbon Reduction
Commitment)
UK's mandatory climate change and energy saving scheme
central to the UK’s strategy for improving energy efficiency and
reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme Order 2010 came into force on 22nd
March 2010
Scheme commenced 1 April 2010
financial incentive to reduce energy use by putting a price on carbon
emissions
organisations buy allowances equal to their annual emissions
annual performance league table
Aimed at “large public and private sector organisations”

26. FITs/ROCs
Feed-In Tariifs
new Government-backed measure encouraging production of renewable
electricity
3 ways that the Tariffs helps generation of revenue your energy production:-
– Generation Tariff: fixed income for every kilowatt hour of electricity you
generated and used
– Export Tariff: additional fixed income for every kilowatt hour of electricity
generated and sold back to the grid.
– Purchase of reduced quantity of electricity from supplier
http://www.fitariffs.co.uk
Renewables Obligation Certificates
green certificate issued to an accredited generator for eligible renewable
electricity generated within UK and supplied to customers by licensed electricity
supplier

27. What is in the pipeline?
EU Waste framework directive (and other EU legislation); Targets
recycling/recovery; 70% of construction, demolition and excavation
waste by 2020
Strategy for sustainable construction; published June 2008; reviewed
September 2009
Renewable Heat Incentives – proposed for April 2011 but currently
under review; http://www.rhincentive.co.uk
Consultations (including ongoing UN climate change talks –
Copenhagen Accord; Cancun talks in November/December 2010)
(JCT amendments – Revision 2, 2009)

28. Planning under the Coalition Government
At the national level
– Abolition of Community Infrastructure Levy?
– Abolition of Infrastructure Planning Commission
– Radical reform of planning system
– National Planning Framework

29. At the regional level
– Regional Spatial Strategies
Revoked (with abolition to follow)
Decision subject to a legal challenge and Parliamentary
review
Issues;
– inter/intra regional infrastructure needs
– Impact on housing numbers
– Government incentives to ‘replace’ housing targets
» New Homes Bonus – Government to match Council Tax for
6 years
» Business rate reform – to come?
» CIL revisions?

30. At the local level – the ‘localism agenda’
– ‘Bottom up’ local plans derived from aspirations of locals
– ‘Community Right to Build’
– Collaborative design of ‘significant local projects’ to ensure
involvement by the neighbourhood
– “fast track” consents
– 3rd party rights of appeal
– “Garden-grabbing” – PPS3 amended to preclude
– Amend Use Classes Order – local plan to allow range of uses
– Presumption in favour of sustainable development

31. Sustainable development
– Concept of “sustainable development” enshrined in planning in PPS1
– Government initiatives:-
Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change Act
Copenhagen Accord?
Supplement to PPS1 – ‘Planning and Climate Change’
– “Tackling climate change is a key Government priority for the planning
system”
– “Addressing climate change is therefore the Government’s principal
concern for sustainable development”

32. Coalition – what impact will this have?
Coalition reiterates that
“climate change is one of the gravest threats we face, and that urgent action
at home and abroad is required”
the Coalition’s programme for Government:-
“push EU to adopt emission reduction target by 30% by 2020”
“seek to increase target for energy from renewable sources”
“public sector investment in carbon capture and storage for four coal
fired power stations”
“huge increase in energy from waste through anaerobic digestion”
“introduce measures to encourage marine energy”
“take measures to improve energy efficiency in business and public
sector buildings”
“encourage community-owned renewable energy schemes”
“work towards an ambitious global climate deal that will limit emissions”

33. Building Regulations
Government to overhaul/re-invent Building Regs:-
– initial proposals due for consultation in late 2011
– detailed proposals in 2013
In the meantime:-
– New homes to be zero carbon by 2016
– Non-domestic (public sector) - zero carbon by 2018
– Non-domestic (private sector) - zero carbon by 2019
Code for Sustainable Homes/BREEAM
Other standards eg Passivhaus

34. Climate Change Act
and Beyond …
Richard Wade
Partner, Head of Construction
Blake Lapthorn
Eco Retrofit - Reducing
Domestic Carbon Emissions
21 October 2010

35. Radian’s Retrofit Reality
21st October 2010 – Southampton
Paul Ciniglio, Sustainability Manager – Radian

36. Introduction to Radian:
• Housing Association group (affordable housing)
• Formed in Dec 06 (Swaythling, Windsor & Drum
equal size partners)
• Own & manage 17,500 homes in South East
• Build approx 500-800 new homes pa
• Construction spend approx £100m pa
(new build, maintenance and repairs)
• Collectively large consumer (directly or indirectly of
natural resources and creation of waste)
• Strong reputation (for sustainability & innovation)

37. The UK retrofit challenge
• 80% reduction in CO2 emissions
required by 2050 (Climate Change Act)
• 26 million existing homes
• 85% of homes will still be in existence
in 2050
• 27% total carbon emissions
• 500,000+ whole house refurbishments
each year to 2050 (The Existing Homes
Alliance)
• 300 advanced home retrofits every
working hour
• As much as £10,000,000 business per
working hour
• Is this realistic?

38. “Generation Homes” project
Woodfield, Kingsley – Dec 06/Jan 07
• Partnership with EST & Camco
to demonstrate significant
household CO2 emission
reductions on 6x1950’s homes
(min 60% target, 75% modelled)
• Aim to reduce residents running
costs by up to 50% (as high as
£1,300pa before)
• Good monitoring installed
• Average cost £25,000 per
property (50% grant income, EcoHomes XB = 67
EST, LCBP & CERT)

39. “Generation Homes” project, Kingsley
Package of measures
installed:
• Energy efficiency:
– Cavity wall insulation
– Loft insulation 300mm
– Double glazed windows
– Low-energy light bulbs
– Draught proofing & heat
recovery ventilation
– Waste water heat recovery
• Renewables:
– Ground source heat pumps
– Solar Photovoltaics 1kWp

40. Feedback on ‘Generation, Kingsley
Homes’ project - 6 x 1950’s homes 2007
• Independent review undertaken by
Camco (Covering social, economic and
environmental aspects with interviews of
residents)
• Study findings (based on 2 years post
completion data)
– CO2 emission reductions in use:
43 - 74%
– Running cost savings: 0 - 56%
– Resident satisfaction is mixed
– Further briefing to residents required

41. REEMA retrofit phase I
Highfield Road, Petersfield
• 20 REEMA PRC homes, 17
taken to core package of C70
and 3 to C80 with solar
package
• Gas baseline reduction:
C79% in regulated emissions
EcoHomes XB = 81
(C67% against total household
emisions)
• Electric baseline: C85%
regulated (C76% total emissions)
• UK Government target is for
80% reduction against total
eissions!
• Occupier behaviour is key New EPC for advanced package

42. How C80 was achieved (full SAP modelling)
Regulated Emissions
Scenario SAP EPC / Annual Approx cost of Percentage
2005 SAP Band Regulated measure £ Reduction in
Rating CO2 Regulated
Emissions CO2 Emissions
kgCO2/yr %
Baseline as existing (Gas) 43 E 7,495 --
+ 100mm Phenolic wall 10,000
insulation 61 D 4,826 36%
'+ Improved air tightness 62 D 4,776 1,250 36%
+ Double loft insulation 63 D 4,599 300 39%
+ A-rated, condensing boiler 74 C 2,745 4,000 64%
+ compact fluorescent 200
lighting 76 C 2,594 65%
+ New ‘A’ rated glazing 78 C 2,352 5,500 69%
+ heat recovery ventilation 78 C 2,285 2,750 70%
+ solar thermal 3m2 79 C 2,079 4,500 72%
+ PV, 1.2 kWp 85 B 1,636 7,500 79%
Sum of all measures 85 B 1,636 £36,000 79%

43. ‘Retrofit South East’ project
Building capacity for low carbon retrofit in
the SE region.
• Application submitted under SEEDA ERDF round 2 in
2009 ‘Promoting sustainable production and
consumption’ category.
• Additional ERDF funding secured 2010 for a new project

44. REEMA Retrofit phase II
Borough Grove, Petersfield
• Centrepiece of project is the exemplar retrofit of
community of 14 social housing properties to
– C75 - C82 energy efficiency standard
– Best practice water efficiency and construction waste
techniques

45. Key ‘Retrofit SE project’ activities
– BREEAM refurbishment pilot project
– Show home open for 9 months through
NEF & SEA
– Free retrofit business assistance
(BTEC retrofit skills training to 100 SME’s)
– Development of new funding mechanism
‘Retrofit Revolving Guarantee Fund’
– Regional retrofit benefits study
– Retrofits pioneers RP/LA network
– Carbon modelling and monitoring
– Case studies and dissemination
– Shared learning through Radian Retrofit Conferences
– Much more emphasis on continuity of air tightness and
insulation especially at junctions
– Thermal imaging (leading to raft external edge
insulation)
– Routine pre and post air pressure test plus
intermediate smoke testing to show home.
– Floor insulation to show home (+2% improvement)
– 8 homes with 1.46kWp PV and 6 homes with 2.06kWp
PV and solar thermal.
– 2 homes with full RW harvesting using different
systems.

46. FREE RETROFIT BUSINESS
ASSISTANCE!
• Retrofit skills training
• One / first module free
for SME’s based in
SE region.
• BTEC accredited
(6 of 8 modules)
• www.parityprojects.com
for course booking info

47. TSB Retrofit for Future project
• Sunergy endothermic roof (hybrid solar
and air source heat pump system)
• Trial of Heat Engine to generate electricity
Thermal Stores
Roof based energy collector

48. • C80 ‘open home’ with SEA
• Features: Solar PV 1.85kWp,
Solar Evac tube, ASHP, ‘A’ rated
windows, heat recovery
ventilation, LED/CFL lighting, Before, May 2009
improved insulation and air
tightness (2 bed mid-terrace).
• Cost: £30,000 for energy
efficiency related works:
£7,500 grant funding
South Downs JC and LCBP.
(£40,000 total cost of retrofit project).

49. Water efficient retrofit
• Important to consider water
conservation as part of
whole house retrofit projects
(clear link between water
and energy saving)
• 28 existing homes (built in 1970’s)
• Water consumption meters fitted
• Eco-beta fitted to WC’s (reduced
water consumption by 21%)
• Showers and water butts fitted
• Surveys on household behaviour

50. Financial incentives
• Feed In Tariff - renewable electricity
– CSR
– New build
– Retrofit
• Renewable Heat Incentive – renewable
heat
– CSR
• Green Deal (PAYS)
• CERT/CESP/ERDF…

51. Retrofit key learning points
• Expectation versus outcome e.g. running costs, energy savings
• Resident briefing / user manual & energy change campaign.
• Baseline position versus kWh/m2/yr.
• Understanding the home and selecting strategy – whole house
or piece meal at trigger points.
• Devil is in the detail
• Community liaison and decant process, impact of residents
(Typical 8-12 week duration per home).
• Project Management (programme / sequencing, integrating trades)
• Keep unproven innovation to a minimum. TSB?
• Follow energy design hierarchy – Thermal, services, renewables
• Evaluation of project - social economic and environmental
• The hidden costs of retrofit, also pursuing grants, PR etc

52. New build versus Retrofit
CfSH level 6 homes, Southampton

55. A final thought…
‘Carbon value’ - retrofit versus new build
Carbon emissions saved by 1 x C80 retrofit
is comprable to the
Carbon emissions saved by 3 x Code level 6 homes
and at approximately one third of the cost!
Thank you

56. Retro-fit
Case Studies
A Contractor-Developer perspective
Anthony Broome
Business Development Team
United House Ltd

57. Agenda
• Who are United House?
• Where do we start?
• 3 Case studies.
• Carbon cost analysis & conclusions
• Some lessons learnt.
• What's the future?

58. Who are United House?

59. United House
• Established >45 years
• £300M turnover 475 staff
• 3 broad divisions
• Housing specialists
• Estate regeneration
• New build and refurbishment
• Development
• PFI
• A culture of innovation focus and flexibility

60. Where do we start a project?
Consider the issues and the specific challenge?
What do we do ? How do we do it ? Who can do it ?

61. The challenge
The Equipment The Analysis
Selection & Analysing their
Installation of Cost effectiveness
product/s & functionality
into the future
The Engagement
Engaging the
resident with their
technology

62. Consider the issues
• We know that 4 to 7 million public sector UK homes need retro-fit!
• Currently no ‘standards’ to work to but many ideals!
• There is a lack of skilled labour!
• There are limited funds most likely for years to come!
• Costs are still high no real economy of scale
• Knowledge is lacking so who do you trust?
• Live the project and learn first hand! Lead the industry!

63. The case studies
Our credentials!

64. Eco-Projects
19 Sterndale Road, Hammersmith
• Exemplar project for Notting Hill Housing Trust
• UH main contractor/consultant
• Churchmead Close, Barnet Homes
• Affordable eco-refurb with Decent Homes
• UH main contractor and lead consultant
• 20 properties maintained Resident in place
• 70A Aubert Park, Homes for Islington
• Value Engineered eco-refurb with Decent Homes
• UH funded

65. 19 Sterndale Rd, Hammersmith
• Clients perspective/our interest
• Victorian town house 180m2
• Major refurbishment programme
focused on ‘green’ credentials
• Void during works
• Achievements:
• 84% CO2 saved
• EPC improved from G to B
• Annual fuel bill reduced from £3,810
to £1,150 in excess of £2,500
• Still Monitoring

66. The Measures
• A-rated gas boiler central heating
• A-rated double glazing
• Internal wall insulation (Celotex PIR)
• Leca Floor insulation for speed
• Draught proofing
• Low energy lighting
• Rainwater harvesting
• PV & solar thermal renewables
• Innovative retrofit technologies
• V-Phase & Tadpole

67. Churchmead Close, Barnet
• 20x 1-bed 1950’s maisonettes
• Eco + Decent Homes done
together
• Tenant in place works
• UH 1st ‘Value Carbon’ project
• Achievements:
• 50% CO2 saved
• EPC improved from E to C
• Annual fuel bill reduced from £715
to £470

68. The Measures
• A-rated gas boiler
• A-rated double glazed
• Internal wall insulation (Knauf XPS)
• Draught proofing
• Low energy lighting
• Low energy extract fans
• Energy monitors for residents
• Loft insulation top-up

69. 70A Aubert Park, Islington, N5
• Victorian ground flat 50m2
• Eco + Decent Homes done together
• Void during works
• Solid walls and sash windows
• Achievements:
• 70% CO2 saved
• EPC improved from E to B
• Annual fuel bill reduced from £950 to £650
• Installed cost of eco measures c£22k

70. The Measures
• (New) Micro CHP gas boiler
• (New) Double glazing (vacuum)
• (New) Internal wall insulation (Aerogel)
• Draught proofing
• Suspended floor insulation
• Low energy lighting
• Heat recovery ventilation
• Rainwater harvesting
• No Renewables

71. MicroCHP boiler
• Baxi Ecogen microCHP boiler with gas fired stirling engine.
• Engine produces 6kW heat & 1kW electricity
• Electricity generated can be used within the property or exported
• Benefit over condensing boiler, extra 300kgCO2 saving per annum.
110 100 100 units
units units 119 heat
gas heat units
7 units
gas
electricity
12 7 units
units electricity microCHP boiler
elec CO2 emissions = 19.1kg
Band A boiler + Grid
CO2 emissions = 24.3kg

73. Vacuum Glazing
• Pilkington energiKareTM Legacy vacuum glazing – gives performance
of 20mm low-e coated UPVC double glazing in timber sash frame.
• Appearance of single glazing but unit consists of two panes separated
by 0.2mm vacuum, total unit thickness 6.5mm.

74. Windows

75. 70A Aubert Park, Islington
• Aerogel internal wall insulation – Spacetherm F (A. Proctor Group)
• Excellent thermal properties for minimal thickness
• Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) 0
• Global Warming Potential (GWP) <5
• Fire Classification E according to EN13501-1
Timber batten
creating air space
27mm Aerogel quilt
10mm Fermacell
robust lining board
New wall U value 0.35
(Building Regs standard)

76. Draught Proofing

77. Floor insulation

78. Heat recovery ventilation

79. Energy efficiency achieved
Before After
Boiler SEDBUK Band G SEDBUK Band A+1
Walls 2.1 U-value 0.35 U-value
Floor (suspended) 0.7 U-value 0.3 U-value
Glazing (vacuum) 4.0 U-value 1.7 U-value
Door (rear door) 3.9 U-value 2.85 U-value
Air permeability 9 m3/hm2 @ 50 Pa 7 m3/hm2 @ 50 Pa
1 Baxi state 0.8TCO2 saving over a Band A boiler

80. Carbon Cost Analysis

81. considerations
• Objective is carbon cost effectiveness, i.e. least £
spent per maximum unit of carbon saved
• Influence whole-house design specifications based
upon target goal (cost, CO2 saving, kWh saving)
• Needs to be on-going with resident input
• VALUE CARBON

82. Value Carbon®
• UH development method to
analyse the carbon leaks for an
unimproved dwelling
• Determines which retrofit
techniques give the best value
return £/kgCO2
• Method can equally be applied
to Energy & Fuel bills

83. ‘Value Carbon’
Measures Installed Cost Carbon saved (kg CO2) Value Carbon (£/kg)
Micro CHP gas boiler £4,800 1311 £4
Insulate floors £3,700 137 £27
Insulate ext walls (Aerogel) £6,100 604 £10
Insulate thermal bridges £2,000 0 £0
Double glazing (vacuum) £600* 28 £6
Double glazed door £250 19 £13
Draught proofing £650 282 £2
Heat recovery ventilation £6,300 72 £86
Low energy lighting £40 80 £0.5
Rainwater harvesting £1,000 0 £0
* Carriage fee
not included

84. Value Carbon best to worst
Measures Installed cost Carbon saved (kg CO2) Value Carbon (£/kg)
Low energy lighting £40 89 £0.5
Draught proofing £650 282 £2
Micro CHP gas boiler £4,800 1311 £4
Double glazing (vacuum) £600 98 £6
Insulate ext walls (Aerogel) £6,100 604 £10
Double glazed door £250 19 £13
Insulate floors £3,700 137 £27
Heat recovery ventilation £6,300 73 £86
Rainwater harvesting £1,000 0 n/a
70% carbon saving for £22k
Insulate thermal bridges
£2,000 0 n/a

85. Best Measures – ‘Lo-Tech’
Measures Installed cost Carbon saved (kg CO2) Value Carbon (£/kg)
Low energy lighting £40 89 £0.5
A-rated gas boiler £1,500 1000 £1.5
Draught proofing £650 282 £2
Insulate external walls (XPS) £1,800 604 £3
Double glazed door £250 19 £13
A-rated double glazing £1,500 98 £15
Insulate floors £3,700 137 £27
Heat recovery ventilation £6,300 73 £86
50-60% carbon saving for £8-10k
Rainwater harvesting
£1,000 0 n/a
Insulate thermal bridges £2,000 0 n/a

86. Value Carbon life time
£ Annual
kg CO2 Value Carbon
Measures Installed cost Life (yrs) depreciation/
saved/yr (life time)
maintenance
Low energy lighting £40 80 8 £5 £0.06
Draught proofing £650 282 30 £22 £0.08
Insulate walls £6,100 604 60 £102 £0.17
Micro CHP gas
£4,800 1311 15 £420 £0.32
boiler
Doubled glazed
£250 19 30 £8 £0.44
door
Insulate floors £5,700 137 60 £95 £0.69
Glazing (vacuum) £600 28 30 £20 £0.71
MVHR £6,300 72 15 £420 £6.53

87. Some analysis conclusions

88. Analysis Conclusions
The Tipping Point
£22k
1st fix:
The easy things
+ “enabling”
2nd fix:
(may be years
‘Tipping point’
later)
The more
2nd fix difficult things
£7k
+ Renewables
1st fix
50% 70%
So: Cost CO2 saved
1 flat @ 70% £22k 70%
3 flats @ 50% £21k 150%

89. Lessons learnt

90. Clear
standards
The Analysis
The Equipment Allow effectiveness
Selection. Don’t to guide decisions
over complicate
The Engagement
Bring all stakeholders
Securing into the design Skills to
funds process deliver

91. Lessons Learnt
• High quality workmanship is a prerequisite
No snagging
• Sub-contractors must buy-in to the retrofit process
Up-date core skills, Tool Box talks
• Ensure systems match user ability

92. The future?

93. The future
• Various projects and schemes.
• Expanding on resident in place for cost effectiveness
• High Rise.

94. Retrofit for Future – TSB
(Technical Strategy Board)
• WHISCERS
‘Whole House In-Situ Carbon & Energy Reduction Solution’
• Focus on internal solid wall insulation (IWI) with
exceptional ease & very little mess

95. Thank you for listening
www.unitedhouse.net

96. SOLAR PV – RETRO FIT
THE PRACTICALITIES
James Bull

97. Today’s Topics For Discussion
What is solar PV
How does a PV system work
What constitutes a good PV system
What are the benefits for HA retro fit installations
Feed-In-Tariff Rates – How the Scheme works
Typical example 2.2kw peak system
Installation Details – Example HBS retro fit installation
PV module (panels) mountings
Inverter positioning / DC & AC cable runs
Generation meter positioning
Labelling
FIT registration
PV system guarantees and maintenance
Why HBS New Energies

98. What is Solar PV
PV is the short term for a photo-voltaic cell
The word photovoltaic is a marriage of the words ‘photo’ which means light
and ‘voltaic’ which refers to the production of electricity
Photo voltaic cells are made from 2 layers of semiconducting material. One
that is positively charged and one that is negatively charged
When light shines on the cell it creates an electric field which across the 2
layers creates an electrical flow

99. What is Solar PV
The electrical flow is known as direct current (DC)
The brighter the sunshine the more DC is produced

100. What is Solar PV
PV cells come in a variety of shapes from tiles to panels
The most cost effective and best to suit retro fit is the PV module. (panel)

101. How does a PV system work
PV modules generate DC Power from the sun (solar generation)
The DC power flows to an inverter which converts it into AC power (actual
current) The converted current is slightly higher than that coming in from the
grid so takes priority
The AC power then flows to the existing house consumer unit via a
generation meter which records the solar PV generation
The AC power then supplies all the home appliances before they draw
electricity from the grid
Any surplus AC power is naturally fed back into the grid

102. How does a PV system work

103. How does a PV system work – Schematic

104. What constitutes a good PV system
PV modules are most efficient when mounted at 30degrees
There is however flexibility here; for instance a module mounted at 10 degrees
will only loose 5% system efficiency and still self cleanse
Whilst the ideal orientation is due South, any orientation on the southern half of
the compass can be used. The decrease in efficiency is however fairly high with
around 15% at due East and due West
The most important criteria of all is there must be no shading form obstructions
such as trees or houses. Even a small amount of shading can reduce the
performance of the whole system dramatically

106. What constitutes a good PV system
PV System design
DC and AC cable runs – 4mm / 6mm sizes
Losses in efficiencies for long distance cable runs.
Inverter Sizing (important)
Must be sized correct to suite PV Module array
If not inverter life span can be decreased and may not work at all

107. What constitutes a good PV system
PV System Modules, Inverter and components
PV modules must be approved by the micro-generation certification scheme
(MCS)
PV modules must have high efficiency and performance guarantees
Inverter must have high efficiencies and sizing data
All modules, inverters and components must come from reputable suppliers

108. What constitutes a good PV system
PV System Installation
Installers must be micro-generation certification scheme (MCS) approved
Installations must be carried out by fully qualified and trained PV
electricians
A correctly installed system will not only improve the solar generation but
will also improve the system longevity
MCS companies can not give false generation predictions (SAP)

109. What are the benefits for HA retro fit installations
There are several benefits for installing a PV systems on HA properties
The solar PV electricity when generated supplies the home appliances so
electricity from the grid is not required
This will have a social gain for residents as they will save money on there
energy bills
As electricity prices are expected to rise sharply, residents are likely to
save even more on their electricity bills over time

110. What are the benefits for HA retro fit installations
April this year the UK government introduced the Feed-In-Tariff Scheme
known as FITs.
This was set up to help boost the renewable installation market and in turn
help achieve the UK carbon reduction targets by 2020
Under the scheme Energy Suppliers by law must make payments to
renewable generators (PV system owners) for the generation of their own
electricity
The scheme guarantees a minimum payment for all electricity generated by
the system, as well as a separate payment for surplus electricity exported
to the grid

111. What are the benefits for HA retro fit installations
Housing associations, Developers and Landlords have a great opportunity
to benefit from the FIT’s
A great social gain for residents in savings on energy bills
A substantial financial gain per annum for the HA
Finally, of course, a significant reduction in household emissions.
The Government calculates that you will save 568 grams*2 of CO2 for
each unit of electricity that you generate, whether you use it or export it.

112. Feed-In-Tariff Rates
Generation Tariff
This is the payment you will receive for generating electricity whether you
use it or not
The rate per kW is currently set at 41.3p for retro fit installations
This rate is due to change in April 2012, however if you install and register
your system before this date you will receive the fixed rate of 41.3p per
kW for 25years.
The rate is retail index linked and will go up with inflation

113. Feed-In-Tariff Rates
Export Tariff
This is the payment you will receive for exporting surplus electricity back to
the grid when it isn’t used on sitr
The rate per kW is currently set at 3p for retro fit installations
This rate is due to change in April 2012, however if you install and register
your system before this date you will receive the fixed rate of 3p per kW
for 25years.
The rate is retail index linked and will go up with inflation

114. FIT’s – How the scheme works
The installation is registered on the central FIT register by the MCS
installation company
The System owner known as the generator receives a policy Number
The generator contacts their energy supplier who takes the policy Number
and cross references it with the central FIT register
Once all parties are satisfied the Energy company will set up an agreement
with the generator and fix generation meter reading and payment dates.
The Generator in most instances must phone in the generation reading.

115. FIT’s – How the scheme works
The generation tariff is paid in accordance with the reading from the
generation meter installed
The export tariff for domestic FIT installations is deemed at 50% of the
generation meter reading

116. Typical example 2.2kw peak system
12 x 185Watt module PV system – 2.2kW peak system
Annual generation according to SAP 1,778kWh
Generation Tariff @ 41.3p £734.00
Generation Exported @ 50% 889kWh
Export Tariff @ 3p £26.00
Total FIT financial benefit per annum £760.00
Generation Consumed @ 50% 889kWh
Savings on Grid electricity @ 12p per kWh £106.68

117. Installation Details
Example HBS retro fit installation

118. Installation Details – Modules mounting
There are many mounting systems on the market that cover all types of
installations. PV modules can be installed in most places
Big Foot Systems are used on flat roofs where penetrations through the
waterproof membrane are prohibited. They work on the principle of
weighing down the modules with ballast.
A frame systems can be used when penetrations are ok
Most retro fit installs on domestic homes will use a standard mounting
system where a galvanised L shaped bracket is fixed to the rafters and the
panels bolted to the brackets

119. Installation Details – Modules mounting

120. Installation Details – Inverter Positioning
Inverters must be installed according to their manufactures instructions.
However in most instances they need to be installed in a well ventilated
area.
Most Inverters need a breathing space of 200mm surrounding them.
The ideal position for an inverter on a retro fit installation is in the loft
where ventilation is good.
They must be positioned where easy access is possible for maintenance

121. Installation Details – Inverter Positioning

122. Installation Details – DC & AC cable runs
The DC cable run should be in 4mm cable unless over 30m long
When the inverter is installed in the loft the DC cable run is very straight
forward as it passes through a dektite flashing point on the roof and into
the loft.

123. Installation Details – DC & AC cable runs
The AC cable run should be in standard 3 core 4mm cable unless over 25m
or installed outside
The AC cable run from the inverter in the loft to the existing consumer unit
causes the most issues at installation
Where the cable will run must be discussed with the resident or landlord
prior to installation at Technical Survey
It can go through the inside of the building or outside

124. Installation Details – DC & AC cable runs

125. Installation Details – Generation Meter
The generation meter can be installed anywhere as long as there is easy
access to take readings from it
On most retro fit installations the meter is installed near the existing
consumer unit
This is due to ease of access and installation

126. Installation Details – Generation Meter

127. Installation Details - Labelling
Labelling is a must. All PV components must be labelled for reasons such as
maintenance and health and safety

128. Installation Details - Labelling

129. Installation Details - Labelling

130. Installation Details – FIT registration
Once the installation has been completed the PV system can be turned on
The engineer must complete a list of commissioning checks
These are recorded and used when registering the system with the central
FIT register
A copy of the test certificates should also be left with the generator

131. PV system guarantees and maintenance
A PV system has no moving parts and is virtually maintenance free
The modules have a 25 year performance guarantee and a 30 year life
time expectancy
The inverter has a 10 year guarantee with the optional extra to extend it
to 20 years
The generator shell be responsible for the maintenance of the PV system
The installation company should offer a full maintenance service

132. Why HBS New Energies
HBS New Energies are a division of
Established in 1950 by Harry Bull
Today Kevin Bull along with his two sons James and Alex are moving
the company into new directions

133. HBS Group Southern saw the potential growth in the renewable market 3
years ago and set up the division HBS New Energies
HBS New Energies is now an approved MCS installer of
SOLAR PV SYSTEMS
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGIES

134. HBS New Energies take on everything from;
Technical Survey
Consultancy & Design
Energy SAP assessments and energy yield predictions
Installation
Project Management
Commissioning
FIT and grant registration
Full maintenance service

135. This year HBS has expanded again and now has the division HBS
Consultancy within the group
This division has been set up to help developers, landlords and HA’s choose
the most cost efficient technologies for their projects
HBS is very keen to tender for all types of renewable projects
Our PV installation team has been tried and tested and our ready to carry
out up to 30 installations per week

136. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND PATIENCE
JAMES BULL