Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that was created in 2008 by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. It is a decentralized digital currency that uses cryptography to control its creation and management, rather than relying on central authorities like governments or banks. Transactions are recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain. Over time, the blockchain has grown to over 100GB in size as it records all confirmed transactions since the beginning of Bitcoin. While it offers some advantages like anonymity and lack of central control, Bitcoin also faces challenges like volatility in its value and limited adoption for purchases.