Bitcoin, invented in 2008 by an unknown individual or group named Satoshi Nakamoto, operates as a digital currency secured by cryptography and utilizes blockchain technology for peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries. In India, a ban on cryptocurrencies was lifted in January 2020, allowing participation in the blockchain revolution. The future of bitcoin looks promising as it may replace conventional currencies, with various other cryptocurrencies like Ripple and Ethereum emerging in the market.