Bioterrorism Advantages And Disadvantages

Bioterrorism Advantages And Disadvantages
BIOTERRORISM
INTRODUCTION
Bioterrorism is the use of infectious agents that are harmful to humans as weapons of terrorism.
Agents of bioterrorism include bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi, and biological toxins.
Bioterrorism can cause high mortality and morbidity thus lead to social disruption and public panic.
This phenomenon already occur in 17 century where American revolution, colonial British military
officers gave blankets containing smallpox scabs to native Americans with serious intent to kill
them by 1763. In 1944, American and British scientists developed and produced thousands of an
anthrax bombs during World War 2. However, these bombs were tested but never actually used in
warfare. The latest usage of biological weapon ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For an example, in 1996, a major cholera outbreak occurred in Penang with subsequent spread to the
other Peninsular States which results in a total of 1,182 reported cases and 231 detected carriers.
Even though there were no fatalities, the consequences of direct and indirect costs of the outbreak
had adverse implications in several sectors. While in 1997, an outbreak of The Hand, foot and
mouth disease (HFMD) in Sarawak, mainly during the months of June and July, gained a lot of
attention because of the 31 pediatric deaths cases. In 1999, a deadly emerging paramyxovirus called
Nipah virus were isolated during a large outbreak of viral encephalitis resulted in 283 cases
including 109 deaths. This was the first report of such infection in the world. This virus has many of
the physical attributes to serve as a potential for bioterrorism. The outbreak cause widespread fear
and panic because of its high mortality and the inability to control the spread of the disease. This
deadly virus, believed to be introduced into pig farms by fruit bats then spread easily among pigs
and was transmitted to humans who came to close contact with infected animals. The virus was also
transmitted to the other animals such as cats and
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Pedatric Evaluation for Gabriel Essay
Thank you for referring Gabriel to the Pediatric Department for evaluation of his cough, fever, and
possible right middle lobe infiltrate. I had the pleasure of seeing him with his mother and
grandfather with Dr. Govan today in the Emergency Department. He was discharged home with a
prescription for amoxicillin 90 mg/kg divided into 3 doses per day for 10 days, as well as Ventolin 2
puffs q.4h. for 2 weeks. We asked that he please follow up with his GP this Friday.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY AND MEDICATIONS:
Gabriel is a previously healthy 20–month–old male with no significant past medical history and no
medications. It should be noted that he did have one episode of otitis media in November, which
was treated with amoxicillin. In terms of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
When I saw in the Emergency Department he looked well and was comfortable sleeping in his
mom's arms, and when awakened he was talking, active, but was a bit cranky. He is mucous
membranes appeared moist. His vitals were as follows: Temperature 37.2, heart rate 110, respiratory
rate anywhere from 28–30 and he was saturating 98% on room air at triage. His cardiovascular
exam revealed normal S1, S2 with no murmurs. I should note that his tympanic membranes were
normal bilaterally. Respiratory exam revealed some crackles in the right mid–posterior region but
with no wheezes. He had good air entry bilaterally. He did have some slight bilateral costal
indrawing, as well as some nasal flaring. His abdomen was soft with no masses.
INVESTIGATIONS:
No blood work was performed on him at this time. Chest x–ray performed in the community does
appear to show a small right middle lobe infiltrate.
IMPRESSION AND PLAN:
Gabriel Marshall is a 20–month–old who presented with persistent fevers for 3 days as well as
shortness of breath and some signs of respiratory difficulty including slight costal and dry and nasal
flaring. However, at this time he appears very stable as well as his family is very reliable. Thus, our
management is as follows:
1. He will be discharged home and asked to please follow up with his family physician this Friday,
which is in 2 days.

Clinical Problem Solving And The Division Of Infectious...
Clinical Problem–Solving
?Coming Home?
Maralyssa Bann, MD
Daniel R. Kaul, MD
Mahri Z. Haider, MD, MPH
Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH
Zachary D. Goldberger, MD
From the Department of Medicine (MB, MZH, ZDG), Divisions of General Internal Medicine (MB,
MZH), and Cardiology (ZDG), University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical
Center, Seattle; the Department of Internal Medicine (SS, DRK), the Division of Infectious Disease
(DRK), University of Michigan Medical School, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Health
Services Research and Development Center of Excellence (SS), Ann Arbor.
Address reprint requests to:
Zachary D. Goldberger, MD, MS
University of Washington
325 9th Avenue, Box 359740
Seattle, WA 98104
Email: zgoldber@uw.edu
Phone: 206 744–8712
Fax: 206 744–2224
Word Count: 2480
References: 15
A 25–year–old woman presented to the emergency department with two days of fever, chills, and
sweats. These symptoms began abruptly, and were accompanied by malaise, headache, dry cough,
myalgias, and decreased appetite. She denied photophobia, neck stiffness, chest pain, dyspnea,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or dysuria.
While the symptoms are non–specific, an infectious cause is most likely given the relatively abrupt
onset of fever, chills, sweats, malaise, and myalgias. Further details of her past medical history,
possible recent exposures, and a physical examination including vital signs will help determine
whether further testing and empiric antimicrobial

The Infectious Nature Of The Disease
Throughout history there have been many diseases that have baffled medical professionals. The
early study of a diseases origin has ensured the survival of mankind against wide spread death and
illness. Puerperal, also known as Childbed Fever, is a disease that causes widespread death and
infection in women soon after childbirth. (science/puerperal–fever) The infection can affect any part
of the female reproductive system. (science/puerperal–fever) Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian
physician, discovered that puerperal was an infectious disease that can be controlled by the use of an
antisepsis technique. (Merckle) He also discovered that it was infectious and contagious.
(science/puerperal–fever) Without the implementation of antisepsis ... Show more content on
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(Control) Countless numbers of women perished before the need for proper handwashing came to
light.
Ignaz Semmelweis discovered the need for proper handwashing procedures when he began work at
a local maternity clinic in Vienna. (Zoltan) Semmelweis made it his mission as a physician to back
any inquiries that he made with scientific evidence. (Admin) Many women gave birth at home
during this time period, but those who went to local clinics found themselves at risk of contracting
this deadly disease. During this period in history, it was still believed that the origin of infectious
diseases was caused by miasma, overcrowding, and poor ventilation, Semmelweis dug further to
discover the true origin of the disease. (Zoltan)
Against his chief's wishes, Semmelweis conducted a series of experiments to determine if there was
a pattern in contraction of the illness. (Zoltan) He studied two sets of patients. The first set of
patients that he observed were looked after in a maternity ward that was primarily staffed by male
doctors and male medical students. (Davis) The second set of patients were attended to by female
midwives only. (Davis) Semmelweis observed that the patients that were being cared for by male
staff were contracting the illness at a much higher rate than that of those being cared for by female
staff members. (Davis) He observed that the position that the mother gave birth in had no effect on
whether or not she contracted the disease in either

Human Subjects : The Current Proposal Involves Testing
Human Subjects Research:
Protection of Human Subjects: The current proposal involves testing of deidentified samples from
dengue patients. All collection of dengue samples from patients was carried out in the CDC. A total
of 60 acute serum samples were collected from febrile patients in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica
(2009–2011) suspected of having dengue 0–5 days after onset of symptoms and whose average age
was 14.3 years, in a study approved by the CDC IRB.
Related Research or R&D: This section summarizes CrossLife and Duke's prior work to develop the
A novel DNA bioassay–on–chip using surface–enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on a bimetallic
Nanowave chip is presented. In this bioassay, SERS signals were measured after a single reaction on
the chip's surface without any washing step, making it simple–to–use and reducing reagent cost.
Using the technique, specific oligonucleotide sequences of the dengue virus 4 were detected. We
will also summarize the current literature relating to discovery of biomarkers for radiation toxicity
that support the feasibility of the proposed project.
The research of Dr. Tuan Vo–Dinh at Duke University is focused on the development and
applications of biosensing technologies using optical detection techniques (fluorescence, Raman,
SERS) to detect proteins, DNA, mRNA and microRNA biomarkers for disease diagnostics such as
infectious diseases, cancer, etc. Dr. Vo–Dinh's lab laboratory has pioneered the SERS–based gene
probe technology and has

Voltaire 's View Of Oppression From The Authority
It is dangerous to be right in matters about which the established authorities are wrong.
– Voltaire
The struggles against authority, repeatedly and continuously, take place in the history. As for those
fighters, Voltaire, a famous French writer and thinker, once put forward an idea, "It is dangerous to
be right in matters about which the established authorities are wrong."() The word "right"
contrasting to "wrong" means the truth. An "established authorities" could be regarded to the
dominant powers controlling and guiding people, such as long–existing conventions held and
propagated by the power–holders or the influential experts in specific fields. The article will support
the idea of Voltaire by providing sufficient and concrete evidences. It is reasonable that people
might suffer the possibility of oppression from the authority, when the ideas of the former contrasts
to the latter who tend to retain its status. The challenger is dangerous in the way that the power of
authorities, at most time, overwhelm them; the characteristic of opposing ideas invites the
oppression by authority. It is possible to receive potential danger from the authority, while some did
succeed in the struggle.
It is obvious that the comparison between two power is usually dismatched. The opponents are often
overshadowed by the authorities, in turn, the opponents are weaker, two aspects in particular.
Convention gets in the way of innovation and rebellion. It also restricted by the contemporary

The Role Of Puerperal Fever In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Puerperal Fever is an infection that new mother's experience when they have children. "While a
hospital is a place of healing, it is also a location where many different types of bacteria grow. After
giving birth, women are more vulnerable to infections of the genital tract. Bacteria are opportunistic
and thrive in warm, moist environments, like the genital and urinary tracts" (Rachel Nall). It was a
terminal illness that affected Mary Shelley personally being that her mother passed away from it at
birth. In the gothic novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley she included her personal life experiences to
connect with readers. Almost 200 years later, people can still relate to the real life situations that
were portrayed by the characters in the novel. Carol Frankenstein's death played a massive part in
Victor Frankenstein's interest in recreating life. His curiosity influenced him to go to school and
study medicine. As a result of all the knowledge he gained he ... Show more content on
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Children between the ages of 5 and 12 were most likely to contact the illness. "In the 1800s there
were serious epidemics of scarlet fever. The death rate from scarlet fever then was as high as
150/100,000. Complications, case mortality and incidence have fallen dramatically because of
antibiotics, enhanced immunity and improved socio–economic conditions. There are still sporadic
outbreaks" (Dr. Richard Draper). Because of the advances in medicine, Scarlet fever also known as
Scarlatina, isn't as big of a threat as it once was. It can be passed through physical contact or direct
touch of bodily fluids such as saliva or nasal fluids. At the time; they didn't have the medical
advances as we do now. Going to the doctor was a bigger risk being that the physician weren't
qualified and had no idea what they were doing. Getting treated for a common cold was dangerous
because the doctors didn't take proper precautions to stay

Differential Diagnoses
Differential Diagnoses (list a minimum of 3differential diagnoses).Your primary or presumptive
diagnosis should be at the top of the list. Include the ICD9 or ICD10 codes in parentheses next to
the diagnosis.
The primary differential diagnosis for S.T. is the influenza virus, (ICD 10, J11.1). According to
Beckman (2014), clinical diagnosis of influenza code in the office is J11.1, which reflect an
unidentified influenza virus. S.T. symptoms of fatigue, fever, and muscle aches are similar to
symptoms seen in patients with the influenza virus. According to Kwok et al (2017), the influenza
virus is a pathogen responsible for annual epidemics and global pandemics. The virus is categorized
by symptoms such as acute fever, muscle and joint pain, runny nose and sore throat (Kwok et al.,
2017). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible or the main cause of bacterial pneumonia in the
community (Liu, 2017). Bacterial pneumonia can be associated with sharp chest pain and occasional
blood–tinged sputum, whereas S.T denies chest pain or hemoptysis. I would rule out bacterial
pneumonia as S.T.'s diagnosis.
The third differential diagnosis is chronic sinusitis (ICD 10, J32.9). The nasal passage is usually
inflamed with chronic sinusitis. This diagnosis would be ruled out because S.T. symptoms have not
reached a chronic stage and were recently presented.
P. Encourage S. T. to get the influenza vaccine yearly to reduce the likelihood of him contracting the
flu virus. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2017), the influenza
vaccine is the best defense against the influenza virus and to reduce influenza illnesses missed work
and school. Also, education S. T. on proper hand hygiene can control the spreading of the virus to
others. Hand hygiene and education was the most protective factor against influenza virus because it
prevents the transmission of the virus (Smith et al.,

Q Fever Research Paper
Q fever is a disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that affects humans and
other animals. This organism is uncommon, but may be found in cattle, sheep, goats and other
domestic mammals, including cats and dogs. The infection results from inhalation of a spore–like
small cell variant, and from contact with the milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus, or semen of infected
animals. Rarely, the disease is tick borne. The incubation period is 9–40 days. Humans are
vulnerable to Q fever, and infection can result from even a few organisms. The bacterium is an
obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite.
Signs and symptoms
Incubation period is usually two to three weeks.
During its course, the disease can progress to an atypical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is an extremely low infectious dose, making C. burnetii one of the most infectious known
organisms. Disease occurs in two stages: an acute stage that presents with headaches, chills, and
respiratory symptoms, and an insidious chronic stage.
While most infections clear up spontaneously, treatment with tetracycline or doxycycline appears to
reduce the symptomatic duration and reduce the likelihood of chronic infection. A combination of
erythromycin and rifampin is highly effective in curing the disease, and vaccination with Q–VAX
vaccine is effective for prevention of it.
The bacteria use a Type IVB secretion system known as Icm/Dot to inject effector proteins called
Ank proteins into the host. These effectors increase the bacteria's ability to survive inside the host
cell. In Legionella pneumophila, which uses the same secretion system and also injects Ank
proteins, survival is enhanced because these Ank proteins interfere with fusion of the bacteria–
containing vacuole with the host's degradation endosomes.
Use as a biological

Medical Case Study Of A Patient: 41-Year-Old African...
Introduction
Mr. Ahlee Muhammad was seen on June 6, 2013 at St. Mary's Medical Practice for examination
fever and a sore. He was examined by myself, Doctor Miguelita Neason with the assistance of
Elaine Johnson RN. We treated the patient and performed a minor surgery on his leg in the office on
his second visit. We also sent the patient home with instructions on how to care for his lesion.
Patient Background Information1
This case study is about my patient, Mr. Ahlee Muhammad. My patient is a 41 year old African
American male. Mr. Muhammad is a very active man who works as a teacher. His hobbies include
playing street basketball and traveling. Mr. Muhammad appeared to be in good health. Mr.
Muhammad appeared to be physically fit, more muscular than fat. He was clean and well–dressed
each visit for his appointments. Mr. Muhammad smelled clean but had a slightly fishy odor coming
from the back of his leg on his first two visits. My patient was seen in my office three times with his
wife, Mrs. Muhammad. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mr. Muhammad was seen for high fever and 4cm raised lesion on his right calf (gastrocnemius).
Patient reported of having fever for three days of 102o and it had gradually been getting worse even
with taking Ibuprofen 400 mg. TID. Patient reported also having a sore on the back of his leg and
had been getting larger and more painful every day. Nurse Elaine checked his temperature by mouth
and reported it to be 104o. I put on my PPE, and checked the sore. I diagnosed it as being a Staph
Infection of 4cm in diameter. On the second visit to my office, Mr. Muhammad reported that the
infection had gotten bigger. It then appeared to be 6 cm. in diameter. On the third visit, the wound
looked to be drying out and healing

Idiopathic Arthritis
Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s–JIA) is one of the most baffling clinical condition in
the childhood. The most common presenting features are fever, arthritis followed by rash and fewer
have hepatosplenomegaly.(2,3).Quotidian fever is classical that spikes to more than 390 once or
twice daily,typically observed in the evening. Although, quotidian fever is one of the ILAR criteria
for diagnosis of s–JIA, different pattern of fever may be seen.(2). The classic pattern only seen in
37% cases, morning fever in 12% ,bidaily fever 15%, intermittent fever 27%, unremitting fever 5% ,
as well as not reaching to 390 . A typical pattern of fever may be observed following initiation of
NSAID in this clinical condition.(4) The index case had intermittent fever in addition to have fever
and rash following naproxen.
Rash is one of the unique manifestation of this condition. It is evanescent in nature and bright
salmon pink in colour , often central clearing ,tends to be migratory and widespread.(5,6,)It is
initially noticed on the limbs and trunk and less commonly on the face,neck,palm and sole.The rash
is fleeting and it correlates with acute febrile episodes.7 to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Pseudoporphyria is known to be associated with naproxen therapy and characterised by marked
erythema,vesciculation,and increased skin fragility especially children with fair and blue eyes. The
index case had fever and maculopaular rash associated with pruritus after 48 hours of initiation of
naproxen suggestive of delayed hypersensitive reaction, one would come across rarely. 9 www.
Diagnosis of hypersensitive reaction to NSAIDs depends upon history, and timing. Currently
available laboratory methods to diagnose hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs includes, skin
testing, lymphocyte transformation test, and oral provocation

Aids And The American Healthcare Industry
Every culture has its own way of dealing with sickness and illness. Growing up both in Angola and
the United States, a person is able to reflect on cultures and their own myths as well as beliefs.
These cultures are very different from one another in respect to their outlook on illness and
hospitalization. Being Angolan in the American healthcare industry, they experience many different
attitudes about how to best treat medical illness. During the time of sick or for curing disease in
Angola, the people would rather see their traditional healer than a doctor for such things as; fever,
stomachache, bad dreams, pain, or mental disorders. They don't have access to the same kind of
healthcare services as the Americans do. Only a few people can afford good medical care and
unfortunately many have a life expectancy that is below fifty years of age mostly related to poverty
related diseases such as; tuberculosis, malaria, and measles. The main language of Angola is
Portuguese. Many are bilingual, speaking Portuguese and one of the several African languages.
About 40% of Angolan speaks Bantu as their first language and many as a second language
(Oyebade, 2007, pg 33). The majority of the people are either Christian (Roman Catholic) or follow
native beliefs, such as ancestor worship (Oyebade, 2007, pg 33). The traditional Angola believes in
a close communication with the spirit of the dead ancestors. They believe that ancestors are part of
the lives of the living people and will

The Epidemic Is Sweeping The Nation
An epidemic is sweeping the nation. Rapidly more cases of STD's are being noted to appropriate
health officials and are steadily increasing instead of declining. The Centers for Disease Control,
commonly known as the CDC, have vigorously tracked HIV numbers and an estimated "1,218,400
persons aged 13 years and older are living with the HIV infection" ("HIV in The United States: At A
Glance"). This doesn't include the amount of people clueless to being infected at all: a whopping
156,300. Discouragingly and surprisingly enough, a factor contributing to this number is that people
aren't being informed when they engage in relations with another person who has the virus. The risk
of transmission from one to the other is excruciatingly high if one party isn't given the opportunity
to take the appropriate precautions to protect themselves. Furthermore, when a person is warned that
their partner has a transmittable disease, they aren't really equipped to make an informative decision
because of lack of information. Every citizen has an undeniable duty to take action to reduce the
spread of STD's in Arizona so that eventually these harmful diseases can be altogether eradicated for
future generations to come.
The first excruciatingly necessary step is for Arizona legislators to create a law that would bring a
person up on criminal charges if he/she didn't disclose their infected status to their partner before
engaging in intercourse. So far 24 states have laws that require a person

Personal Narrative Short Story
When I first walked into Cook's Coffeehouse, I called out aloud, to see if anyone was there to help
me with my situation. Eventually, a young woman walks towards me and asks angrily, "Why are
you here so early? We haven't even opened the shop for the day. It is too early in the morning." "I'm
sorry, my parents died this morning, and I am left to figure out my life on my own." "I'm sorry about
your parents. My friend, her name was Polly Logan, died recently. People are saying that it is a
fever. Do you know if your parents died or a fever?" "My parents were diagnosed by Dr. Benjamin
Rush himself. He bled both my mother and father, and said, "I will send someone over, they shall be
sent over every day for two more weeks, and to take ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While I was thinking, someone yells from the back of the coffeehouse,
"Hey, Matilda. Get to work. The customers are coming soon." Yelled a woman. I then asked the girl,
supposedly Matilda, "Your name is Matilda?" "Oh, yes. I guess I never really told you my name did
I?" she paused for a moment as I nodded, then continued. "Back there is the kitchen, and the people
in there are my mother and Eliza, our cook. My mother was the person telling me to work, so I got
to go." As she finished I just waved goodbye and sat down at a table, and watched people swarm
into Cook's Coffeehouse. Sitting at the table, and watching everybody else reminded me of the bars
that my father would take me to. I've only been to a couple bars with my father, when nobody else
wants to spend time watching me. Although, in the bars, contrary to popular belief, my father never
let me have alcohol, and would only get me some water. At the end of the day, I had seen many
people and the many occupations they all had. I saw many people from different jobs including,
fishermen, merchants, importers, and bankers. I heard many stories of people's families. As night
approached, I walked out of the coffeehouse in search of somewhere to sleep. I did not want to go
back to my own house because I did not want to catch yellow fever myself. So I decided to leave
town, and walk all the way to a farm in the middle of nowhere. Deciding I was done

Case Study On Blood Transfusion
INTRODUCTION
Blood is one of the integral components of body constituents, which flows throughout body and
becomes a reason for survival. Blood transfusion is a life saving intervention for patients in need of
transfusion. Blood borne infections are common serious hurdles of blood transfusion. Considering
the serious consequences of these infections and to hold back the transmission to minimum, it is
extremely important to remain vigilant about the possible spread of these diseases in the course of
blood transfusion1. Transfusion safety begins with healthy donors. Blood transfusion is safer than
ever before through continuous improvements in donor recruitment, screening, testing of donated
blood with increasingly sensitive assays, and appropriate clinical use of blood. Serologic testing for
transfusion transmitted infections had historically been the foundation of blood screening, while
newer strategies like nucleic acid testing (NAT) have helped further shorten the "window period".
Moreover, threat of infectious agents entering the blood supply is not constant and may evolve as
new pathogens emerge or when old ones change their epidemiological pattern. In 2002, the
Government of India adopted the National Blood Policy "An action plan for blood ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
WHO recommends that all blood donations should be screened for infection prior to use. The World
Health Organization's (WHO) goal is for all countries to obtain all blood supplies from voluntary
unpaid donors by 20203.
The national blood policy in India relies heavily on voluntary blood donors, as they are usually
assumed to be associated with low levels of transfusion–transmitted infection4. In India, it is
mandatory to test every unit of blood collected for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis and
malaria. If donor test positive to any of the five infections, their blood is

Nursing Reflection Paper
Clinical Decision Making
A. BB called from home at 0600 to the L&D unit that she was having an intense contraction. Upon
phone interview, the charged nurse asked her to come in. At 0730, BB came in with her husband and
a six years old daughter, and she was admitted to the unit. She was placed on the monitor while the
assigned nurse continued the assessment. At 0830, she had dilated to 10cm, and she delivered
shortly after that. Delivery was successful without any complication. She was GA 39+1 weeks,
G2P2002, GBS positive, and the baby's weighed 6lb 14.1 oz.
During the first 2 hours of assessment after birth, we discovered that the neonate temperature was
low while maintaining skin to skin with mom and the mom was also shivering profusely. The
neonate was retrieved from the mom.
B. Using the concepts listed below choose two concepts pertinent to the patient care you
provided/witnessed during your day on the OB unit
Thermoregulation and Metabolism
C. Analysis / Reflection:
a. Describe any interdisciplinary collaboration you participated in / witnessed. Provide specific
examples and how they relate to the two concepts you chose.
The mom continued to shiver profusely after birth with a temperature slightly above normal; the
nurse said that shivering was part of the body's normal reaction to the hormonal changes that take
place after birth, but because she was GBS positive and was not treated before birth, there is a
chance of infection. In this case, an interdisciplinary

Tda 2.2 2.1
Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people
2.1 The signs and symptoms of common childhood illness
For information and a list, the following is taken from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions Illness |
Symptoms | Causes | Incubation period | Chicken poxChickenpox is a mild and common childhood
illness that most children catch at some point. | Rash of red, itchy spots that turn into fluid–filled
blisters. They then crust over to form scabs, which eventually drop off.It takes seven to 21 days for
the symptoms to show after you have come into contact with the virus. This is called the 'incubation
period'. | It's a very contagious infection.The chickenpox virus is spread in the same ways as colds
as flu. | A child with chickenpox is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| Usually caused by a virus, can be spread in much the same way as the common cold.Children can
also become infected if they have contact with fluid from the blisters or saliva of someone who is
infected. | Hand foot and mouth disease is what is known as self–limiting condition meaning that it
will get better by itself without the need for treatment. Symptoms will usually pass within 7 days |
DysenteryAn infection of the intestines that causes diarrhoea. | Diarrhoea sometimes accompanied
by vomiting, nausea and stomach | It is caused by a bacteria called shigella bacteria The bacteria are
found in faeces and are spread through poor hygiene; for example, by not washing your hands after
having diarrhoea | Dysentery usually clears up after a few days and no treatment is needed.
However, it is important to replace any fluids that have been lost through diarrhoea. | Glandular
fever Glandular fever is a type of viral infection that mostly affects young adults. | High temperature
Sore throat Swollen glands in the neck Extreme tiredness | Glandular fever is spread through saliva.
It can be spread through kissing, exposure to coughs and sneezes. Sharing eating and | Someone
with glandular fever is contagious for at least two months after initially being infected. There is no
cure for glandular fever. Treatment focuses on helping to relieve the symptoms, such as using
painkillers, to reduce the symptoms of pain and fever. The

The True Victor Of The First World War
It has been said by many scholars that the true victor of the First World War was disease and illness.
Statistics show that over one third of military related deaths were caused by a disease/illness of
some sort. To put that in more of a numerical visual, there were about ten million casualties in the
span of World War I, this is excluding civilians, only military personnel. Of that ten million, about
two million deaths were caused by disease/illness (Nadège Mougel, 2009). This number could me
more, but about six million soldiers were reported as missing, or presumed dead.
So let's start out by medically defining what a disease is. The Merriam–Webster dictionary (2003)
defines a disease as: "an impairment of the normal state of the living ... Show more content on
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All of which caused numerous casualties in the duration of the war.
Even people who have not done an in depth study of World War I has heard of the infamous, trench
foot. As many as twenty–thousand casualties were said to have suffered by the British Army alone.
The cause to this infection of the feet was quite obvious. Trench warfare become most prominent
during WWI, this was a type of warfare fought on land that consisted of seven foot deep, six foot
wide tunnels dug into the earth to protect from enemy fire. These first came about when German
General Erich von Falkenhayn commanded his troops to start digging to protect themselves from the
oncoming French and British troops. The allies, after realizing they could not break through the
German line, began to dig trenches as well (John Simpkin, 1997). Because of being the first to start
digging their trenches, this gave the Germans the advantage of choosing the location to start
digging. They of course, chose the high ground. This was a good decision based on a military
tactical standpoint, as well as an advantage when it came to the living conditions of the soldiers
(Simpkin, 1997). The deeper the British troops dug, the more water would begin to flood the
trenches. The trench conditions were so bad that some soldiers even preferred to sleep outside the
trenches, in plain view of their enemies and in a bullets trajectory. One soldier named Arnold Ridley

How Climate Change Is Affecting The Spread Of Infectious...
Currently, one of the major problems in the world is the rapid change of our climate. Years of
research and studies have linked climate change to the spreading and occurrence of many infectious
diseases. Vectors and pathogens that were not able to spread to certain countries before because
temperatures were too low for them to survive in are now being able to habituate these parts of the
world because of how much warmer our planet is becoming. This is concerning to us because
infectious diseases can increase death rates. Therefore, if our planet continues to get warmer, the
more infectious diseases will spread, and the more humans will die. This research paper attempts to
provide a better understanding on how diseases are spreading more ... Show more content on
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In the southwest of the United states, coccidioides immitis and C posadasii, fungal pathogens that
cause valley fever in humans, have usually been located in hot, dry states like California, Arizona,
and Utah, but recently it has also moved to Washington State, which is considered a humid state.
This situation shows how climate change is having an effect on this state by making it dryer and
allowing these pathogens to habituate and spread here. Furthermore, in Arizona, the annual cases of
valley fever increased from 33 to 43/100,000 people between 1998 and 2001 (Benjamin H., 2017).
This was due to longer dry seasons caused by climate change, and windier storms that spread fungal
spores.
In addition, climate change can lead to droughts, causing crops and vegetation to dry out and
eventually leaving humans with short amounts of food, leading to starvation. Starvation causes the
body to become very weak making the immune system unable to fight viruses and diseases as
efficiently, therefore humans become more susceptible to infectious diseases. A study conducted in
the 1920s found that malaria was more prone to happen during these times of drought and starvation
(Hay et al., 2002). Climate can also lead to heavier rainfall and flooding, which causes for rodents to
inhabit houses searching for shelter and food. This can lead to transmission of hantavirus in humans,
leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

Sinus Infections Research Paper
The Signs and Symptoms of a Sinus Infection
Sinus infections are a common condition that affects many Americans. Often times, people pass off
a stuffy nose as a cold, but when they persist for weeks, you may have a sinus infection. Sinus
infections are typically caused by allergies, infection, or from irritation of the sinuses due to
particulate or chemicals. There are two forms of sinus infections, acute and chronic. An acute sinus
infection only lasts for a short duration of time. While a chronic sinus infections can recur or last for
weeks.
There are many symptoms associated with sinus infections, and symptoms can either be intermittent
or they could overlap one another. The signs and symptoms of a sinus infection often include:
Coughing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Make sure you wash your hands often, year–round and more so during the allergy season. This will
help prevent your sinuses from becoming infected or irritated by the bacteria found on your hands.
2. Avoid things that irritate your nose and sinuses. Chemicals, allergies, and other particulate can
disturbed and inflame your sinuses, so do your best to avoid exposure to any known irritants.
3. If you feel like your chronic sinus infections are from bad allergies, see your doctor. Your doctor
can help you keep your allergies under control.
4. Remove allergens, relieve dryness, and clear your sinuses by making a saline baking soda
mixture. Take a ½ teaspoon of salt and baking soda and mix it into 1 cup of water. Use a neti pot or
spray into your nose with a nasal sprayer.
If you have a sinus infection that persists longer than a week, and is not responding to over–the–
counter medications, consult your doctor. While some infections go away in time, persistent or
severe cases may require

Better, A Surgeons Notes On Performance
"Better, A Surgeons Notes on Performance" by Dr. Atul Gawande, allows us an insight on his
experiences as he explores the breakthroughs in medicine that was accomplished by people striving
to improve their performance. There are three components Dr. Gawande believed are essential for a
medical professional to encompass; diligence, doing right, and ingenuity. He defines diligence as
avoiding errors and overcoming obstacles by paying attention to details. Doing right as a medical
professional is to do right for our patient. And ingenuity, recognizing your failures and be willing to
change by looking for solutions for better medical care. It is through his experiences as a surgeon
that he came to understand the importance of encompassing these components. Dr. Gawande 's
demonstration of diligence was expressed from his study of the 19th century Vienna on the
importance of hand–washing, the care taken to save the wounded in Afghanistan and the drive to
eliminate the Poliovirus in India. The task of washing your hands may seem so tedious to some but
Dr. Gawande explained the significance in patient care as a prevention of becoming carriers of
bacteria. In 1847, a Viennese obstetrician, Ignac Semmelweis was one of the first to realize that
doctors were the ones transmitting Steptococcus to mothers and babies during childbirth. This led to
what was called "childbed fever" also known as puerperal fever which was a leading cause for
maternal death during childbirth. Dr. Semmelweis

My Experience At The Grocery Store
There was once a time in my life where everything was perfect. There were smiles, toys, good
times, friendships and playgrounds. This period of time was my early childhood when the only time
I became sick was when I fell during my joyous playtimes. However, as I grew older, the world and
my environment changed. I always tried to keep healthy by maintaining the right diet and taking
vitamins. Despite this, something terrible happened to me on December 12th, 2015.
December 12th, 2015 was just another regular day for me. I was working at my part–time job at the
grocery store. I did the same routine tasks as any other day: said my prayers, had breakfast,
showered and got prepared to go to work. That morning was a beautiful morning. The sun was
shining brightly, the birds were chirping sweetly and a warm Christmas spirit was in my home. My
parents were jovial as on any other day, and they both encouraged me to have a wonderful day.
Work began at 8am. It was 7:16 am when I left home to go to work. I was energetic and excited.
I arrived at work at 7:45 am to begin my shift. The sun was extremely hot and I began to sweat as I
unlocked the outdoor trolleys. However, I did not let this deter me, as I was in an energetic mood
and eager to spread the Christmas spirit to all the customers whom I would encounter. At 8am when
the supermarket doors opened, there was a huge rush. This was expected as the Christmas period
was always busy. I greeted the customers warmly and performed my task

Febrile Urinary Tract Infection
Introduction Providers in pediatrics have always tried to puzzle the care in children with fever. It is
imperative to investigate the source of fever for appropriate care. It has been noted that febrile
children coming into clinics were not assessed for urinary issues and treated as "viral syndrome" and
thus having precious time lost and recurrent visits. Thus, increasing appreciation for urinary
investigation was needed to further delay treatment by providers care and education to parents. To
define a urinary tract infection: is to have providers establish and obtain both urinalysis results that
suggest infection (pyuria and/or bacteriuria) and/or the presence of at least 50,000 colony–forming
units (CFUs) per mL of an uropathogen cultured ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Starting from the intake medical assistant to the medical provider – being the Physician, the Nurse
Practitioner or Physician assistant to achieve the patient to optimal health. The Ottawa Model
framework literature review and process dynamics were done on several searches' through
Cumulative Index of Nursing Canadian Institutes of health Research (CIHR), EPSCO, GOGGLE
and we also studied this framework through one of our doctoral preparedness theory foundations.
The words to search framework were: Nursing Theory, Nursing Frameworks, Ottawa, Dr. Graham,
Evidence–based nursing theory, changing

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Autoinjectors
1. Introduction
Mass casualty situations are common with most of the natural disasters like earth quake, tsunami,
flood, avalanche, explosion, accidents, building collapse, military operations and terrorism. Injuries
and wound infections are very common in such disasters that need immediate management;
otherwise it may lead to morbidity and mortality. Medical management is very difficult at that
situation as the access to hospital sector would be either not possible or difficult. Autoinjectors are
very much useful in emergency situations as it can make self administration possible. It can be used
to deliver drug either by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Autoinjector has got many
advantages. It delivers the drug fast and gives better bioavailability as it deliver the drug with a
spray effect during administration. It is convenient and since the needle is inside the vial itself, the
needle phobia can be avoided.
1.1 Natural disasters and infections
Natural disasters like tropical cyclones, geophysical disasters (earth quakes) and geomorphic
disasters (avalanches and landslides) all these could lead to outbreaks of infectious disease. There
would be an increase in death which is directly associated with trauma, burn and crush – related ...
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Aminoglycosides are used for serious infections due to gram negative bacilli. Structurally they have
two aminosugars linked to hexose nucleus through glycosidic linkage. Aminoglycosides are
obtained from Streptomyces or Micromonospora species. Aminoglycosides are highly polar and
hence are not absorbed by oral route. All aminoglycosides resemble in their pharmacokinetic
properties. They will not penetrate into the central nervous system and normally administered
topically, intravenously, intramuscularly or intrathecally. Most of the parenteral aminoglycosides are
excreted as such in urine. Aminoglycosides may cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and
neuromuscular blockade on long term

Scarlet Fever Research Paper
Disease: Scarlet fever
B. Scarlet fever is an acute and communicable disease. The symptoms associated with scarlet fever
are a red rash that feels like sandpaper, a sore throat, and a high fever. It is a disease that mainly
affects children who are 5–15 years old, but "anyone can get scarlet fever." (CDC, 2017). Scarlet
fever is acquired "through a bacterial infection caused by group A strep" (CDC, 2017). This group A
strep is the same bacteria that causes strep throat (CDC, 2017). The fever is acquired when Group A
strep bacteria inhabits a person's nose and throat. Scarlet fever is caused by group A strep bacteria
that is able to be transmitted "through contact with droplets from an infected person's sneeze or
cough" (CDC, 2017). In addition, it could also spread when "a person drinks from the same glass or
eats from the same plate as the person who is ill" (CDC, 2017). This means that scarlet fever can be
transmitted in an airborne or vehicle borne way. Taken from a publication in the pharmacist ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Treatment: With scarlet fever, prevention is more important than intervention because there is no
vaccine for scarlet fever. If someone is infected with scarlet fever, a doctor can prescribe antibiotics
which "help clear up symptoms faster and reduce spread to other people" (CDC, 2010). Antibiotics
are useful because there help get rid of scarlet fever faster.
Works Cited
D'Andrea Forbish, School of Pharmacy Birmingham, Alabama Maisha Kelly Freeman, PharmD,
BCPSAssistant (2008, March 20). Scarlet Fever. Retrieved October 07, 2017, from
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/scarlet–fever
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal
Infection. Retrieved October 07, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/features/scarletfever/index.html
Mayo Clinc. Scarlet fever. (2014). Retrieved October 07, 2017, from http:// www.

Plague Of Athens
The Plague of Athens was a virulent disease said to have started south of Ethiopia, which then
spread to Egypt, Libya, the Persian Empire, and finally, Greece (Kiple). It wiped out an estimated
thirty–three percent of the Athenian population during the first outbreak and approximately twenty–
six percent during the second outbreak, earning the spot as one of the worst epidemics in Greek
history (Nelson, Williams, Christos1). Its symptoms and side effects include extremely high fevers,
inflammation of the eyes, tongue, and throat, and severe cough before causing rashes, throwing up,
extreme thirst, and finally, if the patient has survived this long, he starts to experience diarrhea and
severe ulcerations, as well as possible loss of the genitals, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Typhus is transmitted by parasites, such as fleas or ticks (Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia).
Again, this disease has similar symptoms to the plague in minor cases, including fevers, headaches,
chills, and maculopapular rashes (Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia, Jonas). In major cases,
such as in the typhus epidemic, it can affect the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys, similar to how the
plague does (Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia). Unlike regular typhus, epidemic typhus had a
high mortality rate (Macmillan Encyclopedia). A high mortality rate paired with similar symptoms
of fevers, headaches, and rashes, leads to the conclusion that this could also be the cause of the
plague, except for one small thing. Like smallpox, neither of these diseases yielded a product in the
dental pulp examination mentioned in the second paragraph. So although all the symptoms provide
a good argument as to why this could be the cause of the plague, it may not be, as the experiment
proved it to be

Anthrax / Bacillus Anthracis Anthrax
The topic I chose for my project is...Anthrax/Bacillus Anthracis
Anthrax is also commonly called...
Malignant Carbuncle OR Pustule
Woolsorter 's Disease
AND
Rag–picker 's Disease Anthrax disease is a severe illness caused by bacteria called Bacillus
Anthracis. Anthrax mainly affects animals, but people can become infected through the contact of or
the ingestion of an infected animal or through the inhalation of the anthrax spores themselves.
Anthrax affects a person's skin, lungs and digestive system AND if left untreated OR if not treated
quick enough it can also result in pneumonia, blood infection, and finally death. For the most part
outbreaks of this disease occur in areas where animals have previously died from anthrax, and this is
because of the presence of spores that are in and on the ground that can remain alive for decades.
Livestock that's infected with anthrax will progress from a normal, healthy state to death in just a
few short hours.
People usually catch this disease by exposing themselves to infected animals, their meat, their
bones, their fur, or their hides. The United States is rarely exposed to the disease due to the fact that
we have strict laws regarding vaccinations on livestock to prevent the spread of diseases to other
livestock and to humans...there were zero cases of anthrax reported in the U.S. in 2015. On the other
hand though it's quite common for outbreaks to occur in places like Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan and
sub–Saharan Africa,

A Boy Named Tiny Tim
One day a little kid named Tiny Tim was playing inside his house. Then he fell over onto the ground
and was holding his chest and his head. BANG! He yelled out, "Mom come help me. I don't feel
good. I feel like my head's in sauna." His mom and dad rushed downstairs to see what was wrong
with Tiny Tim. They tried to find the closest hospital. The closest one was 5 miles. They drove as
fast as they can to save their son. By the time they got to the hospital, they predicted he had a fever
of 105 degrees. The doctors let Tiny Tim get treated right away. They said that he had a very slim
chance of still living. About a 10% chance to stay alive. The doctor tried their best to save him, but
they said that his best chance would be to go home and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He said, "Could you give me a raise for a month, because my son is dying and the doctor said he
needs to eat and sleep."
"Your son will live. It's not that big of a deal if he has food. He's gonna die anyway.", said Scrooge.
Bob was crying but, he said " I know he will probably die but if he doesn't just because I gave him
food. But if he did die just because I didn't feed him I would never forgive myself."
Scrooge obviously didn't care, but then he said, "How about I give you a Christmas dinner, but that's
all. "
Bob was still crying and he said, " But he might not even stay alive until Christmas."
Then Scrooge slammed the door, so Bob went home to spend time with his dying son. When he got
there, he walked upstairs to see him son, but his wife told him not to wake up Tiny Tim.
When Tiny Tim woke, he had a very bad headache and a stomach. The only thing that they had to
eat for him was either soup or ice cream, and of course like most children he picked the ice cream.
Tiny Tim said, " Why am I so sick mommy and daddy?"
His mom said, "You have a sickness that makes you sometimes gives you headaches, tummy aches,
and makes your head and chest hot."
Tiny Tim said, "Will I ever get better."
Then Bob said, "I hope son. Let 's go to bed and see how you are tomorrow." Bob woke up and rush
across the hall to go check on Tiny Tim, and Tiny Tim said, "I don't feel sick anymore."
Then Bob said, "Great. Then what do you want to do." "I just want

Zika Virus Epidemic : A Global Concern
ZIKA VIRUS EPIDEMIC – A GLOBAL CONCERN:
"The level of concern is high as is the level of uncertainty," said the World Health Organization
(WHO) Director General –Dr Margaret Chan when briefing the executive board on the Zika
situation in Geneva on 28th January 2016. She also mentioned four main reasons as to why the
WHO is deeply concerned about the Zika situation, which include the virus' virulence, potential for
further international spread, lack of population immunity and lack of vaccines, specific treatments
and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Later on, on 1st February, the WHO declares an international
public health emergency after the Zika virus was linked to thousands of birth defects in Brazil. The
following paragraphs give an insight on the history, symptoms, diagnosis, transmission and
treatment. All this will explain as to why the Zika virus epidemic is a global health concern.
Zika virus is a serious arbovirus (originating from arthropods) belonging to the family flaviviridae,
carried and spread mainly by mosquito species known as Aedes aegyptii and A. albopictus (vectors),
which thrive in the tropical and equatorial climates. The virus was first identified in Ziika rain forest
in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys and later on identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and Tanzania.
More cases were reported between 1960 and 1980 as the virus spread across West Africa and Asia.
The first major outbreak was reported in 2007 in the Island of Yap where 73% of its residents were

Being a Single Mom Essay
One thing in my life that I had to dive into doing was being a single parent. I no longer had just
myself to worry about and to take care of; I was going to have another person to be responsible for. I
had a mixture of feelings when I found out I was pregnant. I did not know if his dad was going to be
around or not to help me. I was worried, nervous, scared and excited all at the same time.
I was not working at the time, so I had very little money and his father only paid child support when
he decided to, or when the courts forced him to pay. It is a very scary feeling to be on your own with
a little guy who depended on me for his every need. His dad comes and goes in and out of his life
whenever he feels the need to without any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After what seemed like an eternity they finally came, we hopped into the ambulance and sped off to
the ER. They stripped him down to nothing but his diaper and helped cool him off with a wet
washcloth until we arrived at the hospital. After waiting for what seemed like forever, the doctor
came to check him and diagnosed that the reason he had this seizure was because in just a short time
he went from being a normal kid to having a such a high temperature that his body reacted in quite a
frightening and scary way. They gave him a shot of Motrin and we waited until his fever started to
come down.
There have been other times that have been challenging in being a single parent, but we have gotten
through them with the help of friends and family. As he got older he was diagnosed as having
Asperger's Syndrome, a form of Autism, which is a developmental disorder that affects a child's
ability to socialize and communicate effectively with others. He struggles in school with his
homework and relating to other people.
With this disorder he gets stressed out very easily. When he is feeling overwhelmed he tends to shut
down or give up. He was given an IEP, an Individualized Education Program, which helps kids
reach educational goals easier than they otherwise would. It gives him leeway when it comes to
certain things like homework and tests. They limit the amount homework he has

An Example of the Question of Truth
Do we really know what the "truth" is? How can we distinguish what the truth is in real life? Are
you every completely sure of the truth? In the Question of the Truth Unit we read a variety of
selections based off of people's perception of the truth, though in many of these selections the truth
wasn't what people expected. These selections help develop a contrast between how things seem on
the surface, and how they really are. A couple of these selections accept the surface appearance of
things as embodying reality and not the actual truth.
Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" is a prime example of what appears to be true and what actually is. In
"Allegory of the Cave" men have been chained by the leg and by the neck since childhood, so that
they can't move. This also makes it so that they can only see what is in front of them. Since this is
how they have lived everyday of their life, these men believe that this is how everyone lives. They
don't know that the outside world exists. Behind these men there is a fire burning, and in front of
this fire there is a parapet on a track. There are figures of men and animals in wood, stone, or other
materials which project above the parapet. This made it so the prisoners thought that reality was
these shadows. They think these shadows are are there is, but in reality there are actually objects that
you can see and touch. When they decide to let one of the prisoners free, it was painful for him to
stand up, turn his head, and to walk with

Medicine During The Civil War
During the Civil War, medicine was an important aspect for every soldier due to the fact that many
soldiers had to fight and ended up with injuries also there were many types of illnesses. In this
essay, I will focus on the advance of medicine during the Civil War. Also how the soldiers and
civilians were treated as well as how sanitize their location was, are questions I will try to answer.
Also, I will like to include some of most known causes of deaths during the Civil War and the types
of diseases that soldiers would come in contact with. Include who was in charge of the hospitals
during the war. I will also include information from letters and documents that the nurse and doctors
wrote while the Civil War was going one and what kind of establishments were created and the kind
of equipment they used in the hospital. Since the period of the Civil War was and is consider to be
the start and growth of the medical industry it is important for me to find out why.
Advances included amputation and the anesthesia inhaler. The surgeon noticed the best way to save
deadly infections was to simply cut off the area quickly as possible. Among the people save by
having and amputation is Daniel E Sickles, the eccentric commander of the Confederate.
Amputations save a large amount of lives than any other procedures also made complex injuries
simpler. To be able to complete these procedures, they would soak chloroform in a handkerchief and
place over their nose but the chloroform would

Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is the inflammation of the damaged parts of the heart due to an infection
usually from elsewhere in the body. In this disease the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart) is
inflamed and can lead to damaged heart valves and to other life–threatening complications. William
Osler was the first one to recognize this disease and gave a name to it in 1885 in his Gulstonian
lectures.
When a patient's heart has a defect or a part that is not as strong as the rest then that part is
susceptible to infective endocarditis. This tends to come from blood flowing from a higher pressure
area in the heart to a lower pressured area. This causes an 'indention' in the heart's endocardium that
collects deposits. When patients have bacteremia, the presence of infectious bacteria in the blood,
the bacteria often fall into these 'indentions' and start to collect. Once they have started to collect
they will multiply and are called vegetation.
Once vegetation happens there is an increased risk of having an abnormal alignment in the valve
that the vegetation is around. This can cause a decreased blood flow or even a blocked valve. This
may cause emboli to escape from the heart and head to other sections of the body (i.e. the lungs or
the brain) depending which valve is being effected. Different ways that the bacteria can get in the
blood are: dental procedures, skin rashes, infections, abscesses, invasive procedures, and surgeries.
The nursing process should be

My Life Is A Major Illness Called Malaria
The stressful time, which I have encountered in my life is a major illness called Malaria. My body
was infected with malaria disease and I suffered with bad health for about three months. In the third
year of my under graduation, I have been attacked with malaria and It affected me allot. I believe it
was the last day of the first semester in my third year of my under graduation. Myself came out from
the college to my room and I was feeling little dull that day. Slowly there was a slight increase in
my body temperature that night and I thought it might be a normal fever. It was a tough time to
sleep that night in spite to the rise in my body temperature and even I have suffered with body pains
that night. I was all alone in my room that night and moreover, I am staying about 300 kilometres
far away from my parents to pursue my undergraduate studies. That night passed away and the next
day In the morning I fell totally sick. There after I cannot have enough strength to do my work. On
that day I did not go to my college and there after i made a phone call to my relative who lives in the
town called Guntur. He arrived to my room in the evening and took me to the hospital. I was
starving from the morning because I couldn't have enough strength to cook for myself as I was
totally ill on that day. The doctor prescribed certain Laboratory tests and for the mean time as it
became evening he told to take some medicines that might decrease the intensity of my fever.
Later In the next

Study on Teat Tablets of Sodium Ibuprofen
1. The aim of the study was to work out a prescription for a teat tablet with sodium ibuprofen of
high rate of therapeutic agent release. Studies have been undertaken on the evaluation of xylitol and
sorbitol effect on morphological and physicochemical parameters of the produced tablets and on
pharmaceutical availability of sodium ibuprofen.
2. Two kinds of tablets containing 50 mg of sodium ibuprofen were developed. Sorbitol was the
basic formulating component of batch A tablets and xylitol of batch B tablets. Quality tests of the
produced forms of a drug (PP IX) were performed and the tests of therapeutic agent pharmaceutical
availability by pharmacopeal paddle method and by a method with a teat.
3. The tablets of both batches had smooth surface and the same shape. The content of the therapeutic
agent was within the limit 95–105% of the declared value. No essential differences were
demonstrated in the profile of sodium ibuprofen release from the tablets of both batches in the
paddle test. However, the observed significant decrease of the hardness of batch B tablets
contributed to the expected rapid sodium ibuprofen release from tablets tested by the method with a
teat.
4. The batch A and B teat tablets with sodium ibuprofen demonstrated the expected physicochemical
parameters and high pharmaceutical availability in the spatula test. Batch A tablets with xylitol
showed more beneficial applicative parameters and a high value of Q coefficient was obtained for
them in

What Is Mefloquine Effect
infected zone and continuing 1 week after they have left the infected placed. Side effect is usually
upset stomach and it's recommended to take with food. Doxycycline it can be administered but for
short term travelers. Doxycycline can also cause small side effects like upset stomach. Mefloquine
is another alternative drug. It can cause upset stomach, dizziness, diarrhea, even vomiting.
Malaria is mostly affected in Africa due to combination of factors in that country. Due to their
mosquito's type and bacteria carrying. There local weather condition allows transmission to occur
all year long. In most cases Malaria is less chance to cause death but if not diagnosed on time can
lead to death especially in children.
Children under five are more

Symptoms And Treatment Of Malaria
The stressful time which I have encountered in my life is major illness called Malaria. My body was
infected with malaria disease and i suffered with bad health for about three months. In the third year
of my under graduation i have been attacked with malaria and it affected me allot. I believe it was
the last day of the first semester in my third year of my under graduation. Myself came out from the
college to my room and i was feeling little dull that day. Slowly there was a slight increase in my
body temperature that night and i thought it might be a normal fever. It was a tough time to sleep
that night in spite to the raise in my body temperature and even i have suffered with body pains that
night. I was all alone in my room that night and moreover i am staying about 300 kilometres far
away from my parents to pursue my under graduate studies. That night passed away and the next
day in the morning i fell sick totally. There after i cannot have enough strength to do my work. On
that day i did not go to my college and there after i made phone call to my relative who lives in the
town called Guntur. He arrived to my room in the evening and took me to the hospital. I was
starving from the morning because i couldn't have enough strength to cook for myself as i was
totally ill on that day. The doctor prescribed certain Laboratory tests and for the mean time as it
became evening he told to take some medicines that might decrease the intensity of my fever. Later
in the next

Disaster Management Speech : Background And Context
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SPEECH Background and Context: I am assuming a scenario where
the Chief of the medical board is addressing a press conference. The speech would be delivered at
the office of the medical director; the US and Iowa flag visible in the background. The rhetorical
situation of the speech would be primarily assuring the citizens of the Polk County that the root
cause of the endemic has been spotted, sales of the particular candy stalled for the time and they are
fully prepared counter this outbreak (steps and action points). Basically, the purpose is to build trust
and credibility that the board has action points sorted at this hour of crisis. The speech would be
about 20 minutes long. The main publics for this address would be: primary– the residents of Polk
County and the health system of Polk County and secondary audience would be– the manufacturer
of the candy (Reese 's in this case) and retailers. The speech is also intended for the hospitals who
take in patients with the mentioned symptoms and how they would go about the treatment. It would
be an "informative and persuasive speech" emphasizing on dissemination of facts, creating
awareness, accepting responsibility of acting fast on the situation and keeping intact the trust of
citizens in the office of the medical board. The format of the speech would go like first addressing
what the crisis is, moving on to possible reasons behind it, awareness and actionable and word of
assurance and guarantee to fellow

A Brief Note On Yellow Fever Virus ( Yvf )
Part1: Person, Place, Time Inside the U.S.
Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever virus (YVF) is an infectious disease that is transmitted by mosquitos that are infected
with the virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), the term Yellow fever,
derived from the jaundice that some patients with the virus experience. There is no cure for the virus
and patients are treated on a case–by–case basis, depending on how severe the symptoms are and
what stage the virus in in. YVF is rampant in tropical areas but is endemic in Africa and Latin
America. YVF uses humans and non–human primates as a reservoir and there are three patterns of
the virus that consist of the jungle (sylvatic), savannah(intermediate), and urban. A study done by
Izurieta et al. on risk factors of YFV among military in the Amazonian rainforest included
information on the jungle pattern of YFV. Izurieta et al. explains that the jungle pattern of YFV is
transmitted by mosquitos that live on the crowns of trees. Izurieta et al. suggest that YFV is
contracted by people who work with woodcutting. Additionally, there are high death rates of
primates among howler monkeys in the State of Amazonas Brazil jungle that are correlated with
YVF (Izurieta et al., 2009). While there is no cure for the YFV, there is a vaccine to prevent Yellow
Fever. According to Bühlera, Jaegerb, Kling & Hatza (2014), the YFV vaccine is one of the vaccine
that has a high rate of administration in travel medicine. Also, of those who have

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