Biotechnology

1. BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. Biotechnology: The development and
utilization of biological processes for
obtaining maximum benefits to man
and other forms of life.
Biotechnology: The use of living
organisms for the manufacture of
useful products: It may involve algae,
bacteria, fungi, yeast cells of higher
animal and plants.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

3. • Genetic Engineering: The formation of new
combinations of heritable material by the
insertion of nucleic acid molecules into any
virus, bacterial plasmids or other vector system
so as to allow their incorporation into a host
organism in which they do not naturally occur
but in which they are capable of continued
propagation (Smith, 1996).
• Genetic Engineering is the production of new
genes and alteration of genomes by
substituting or adding new genetic material.
GENETIC ENGINEERING

4. • Traditional Biotechnology (Old)
• New Biotechnology (Modern)
• Traditional Biotechnology: The Traditional biotechnology
refers to the conventional technology which have been used for
many centuries. Beer, Wine, Cheese and many foods have
been produced using traditional biotechnology.
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

5. • The Traditional biotechnology is an art rather
than a science.
• Modern Biotechnology: Capability of science to
change the genetic material for genetic new
products for specific requirement through
recombinant DNA technology.
HISTORY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

6. Application of Biotechnology

7. SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Health care:
(a) In 1982, human insulin (humulin) has been
produced by microorganisms in fermenters.
(b) Hepatitis B vaccines (Recombivax HB),
genetically engineered vaccines produced
biotechnologically.

8. 2. Gene Therapy: This is in a way, genetic
engineering of humans, which would allow a
person suffering from a disabling genetic disorder
to lead a normal life.
3. Immunotechnologies: Monoclonal antibodies
(MABs) for diagnosis and therapy. Antibodies,
special sets of proteins present in humans that
enable them to fight incursion of their bodies by
harmful chemicals or microorganisms.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

9. Gene therapy

10. Gene Therapy

11. Gene Therapy

12. 4. Tissue culture: Tissue culture of both plant
and animal cells. These are used for
Micropropagation of elite or exotic materials
(such as orchids), production of useful
compounds such as taxol (the widely used anti-
cancer drug) and vanillin, and preparation in the
laboratory of “natural” tissues such as arteries
for arterial graft or skin for burn victims.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

13. 5. Stem cell techniques: Which would involve
purification and isolation of stem cells from
various tissues and develop into the desired
tissue which could then be used, for example, for
transplantation.
6. New DNA technologies: These include DNA
fingerprinting, sequencing of genomes,
development and use of new molecular markers
for plant identification and characterization.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

14. Stem Cell

15. Stem Cell Therapy

16. 7. Organotransplantation: Xenotransplantation
that is transplantation into humans of organs from
other animals. It appears that pig may be the most
suitable for this biochemically, anatomically and
immunologically.
8. Bioremediation: Bioremediation is the use of
microorganisms to detoxify pollutants, present in
the environment usually as soil or water
sediments.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)

17. Bioremediation

18. 9. Human Genome Project (HGP): Human
genome has been sequenced and chromosome
map has been developed in various laboratories
world-wide through coordinated efforts.
10. Bioinformatics: Application of information
sciences to increase the understanding of biology,
biochemistry and biological data.
SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (contd.)