This document defines and describes different types of biosensors. It explains that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It discusses various types of biosensors including electrochemical, optical, thermal, and resonant biosensors. It provides examples of specific biosensors like glucometers and ion sensitive biosensors. In conclusion, it states that biosensors can serve as low-cost tools for detecting biological agents and have various applications.
BIOSENSOR, PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, B PHARAM, 6TH SEM
Basic components of Biosensor
Working of Biosensor
Types of Biosensor
Electrochemical biosensor
Optical biosensor
Thermal biosensor
Resonant biosensor
Ion-sensitive biosensor
Applications of Biosensor
Nano sensors
sensing device
Father of the Biosensor
components of BIOSENSOR
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BIOSENSOR
BIO-ELEMENT
TRANSDUCER
DETECTOR
RESPONSE FROM BIO-ELEMENT
IDEAL BIOSENSOR
BASIC CHARACTERESTICS
BIOSENSORS(1) by gauraw_makawana-viv.pptxVivekRaval22
A biosensor is a device that uses specific biochemical reactions to detect chemical compounds in biological samples. It consists of a bioreceptor that recognizes the analyte and a transducer that converts the biochemical signal into an electrical signal. Common examples are glucometers, which use the enzyme glucose oxidase and electrochemical transduction to measure glucose levels in blood and provide readings to diabetes patients. The key characteristics of biosensors include selectivity, precision, sensitivity, signal stability, working range, and regeneration time.
Biosensors are analytical devices that measure the concentration of an analyte using a biological material like an enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid. The biological material interacts with the analyte and produces a physical or chemical change detected by a transducer, which converts it into an electrical signal proportional to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be classified based on their transducer, such as electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. They have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing, and more due to their sensitivity, specificity, and ability to provide rapid, real-time results.
Biosensor , its components, working and types of biosensorskavyaprakash17
The document discusses biosensors, which combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It defines biosensors as analytical devices used to detect analytes. The basic components of a biosensor are a biological recognition element, transducer to convert the biological response into an electrical signal, and a detector. Common types of biosensors include electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and ion-sensitive biosensors. The document also outlines the basic principles, components, characteristics, and applications of biosensors.
Biosensors (structure and application)Tarun Kapoor
This document discusses biosensors, including their structure, history, working principles, types, sensing elements, transducers, amplifiers, and applications. It defines a biosensor as a device that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector to detect analytes. The key components are a biological recognition element, transducer to convert the biological response into a measurable signal, and amplifier. Major applications mentioned include glucose monitoring, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and food/agriculture testing. Disadvantages include inability to use heat sterilization and stability issues with biological materials.
The document discusses biosensors, which are comprised of a biological element and transducer. The biological element interacts specifically with the target compound, while the transducer converts the biological response into an electrical signal. The key components are the bio-element, such as enzymes or antibodies, and the transducer. Common types of biosensors are electrochemical, optical, thermal, and resonant. Applications include food freshness monitoring, drug development, environmental analysis, and glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.
A biosensor is an analytical device containing an immobilized biological material (enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle or whole cell) which can specifically interact with an analyte and produce physical, chemical or electrical signals that can be measured. An analyte is a compound (e.g. glucose, urea, drug, pesticide) whose concentration has to be measured.
Biosensors combine a biological component with a detection device. They can detect analytes and provide information about biological systems. Biosensors have three main parts: (1) a biological recognition element (like enzymes, cells, nucleic acids, microbes) that interacts with the target analyte, (2) a transducer that converts this interaction into a measurable signal, and (3) a processing system. Biosensors are useful for monitoring parameters in various fields like healthcare, environmental protection, and food safety. They provide analytical tools to study bio-material structure, composition and function.
BIOSENSOR, PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, B PHARAM, 6TH SEM
Basic components of Biosensor
Working of Biosensor
Types of Biosensor
Electrochemical biosensor
Optical biosensor
Thermal biosensor
Resonant biosensor
Ion-sensitive biosensor
Applications of Biosensor
Nano sensors
sensing device
Father of the Biosensor
components of BIOSENSOR
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BIOSENSOR
BIO-ELEMENT
TRANSDUCER
DETECTOR
RESPONSE FROM BIO-ELEMENT
IDEAL BIOSENSOR
BASIC CHARACTERESTICS
BIOSENSORS(1) by gauraw_makawana-viv.pptxVivekRaval22
A biosensor is a device that uses specific biochemical reactions to detect chemical compounds in biological samples. It consists of a bioreceptor that recognizes the analyte and a transducer that converts the biochemical signal into an electrical signal. Common examples are glucometers, which use the enzyme glucose oxidase and electrochemical transduction to measure glucose levels in blood and provide readings to diabetes patients. The key characteristics of biosensors include selectivity, precision, sensitivity, signal stability, working range, and regeneration time.
Biosensors are analytical devices that measure the concentration of an analyte using a biological material like an enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid. The biological material interacts with the analyte and produces a physical or chemical change detected by a transducer, which converts it into an electrical signal proportional to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be classified based on their transducer, such as electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. They have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing, and more due to their sensitivity, specificity, and ability to provide rapid, real-time results.
Biosensor , its components, working and types of biosensorskavyaprakash17
The document discusses biosensors, which combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It defines biosensors as analytical devices used to detect analytes. The basic components of a biosensor are a biological recognition element, transducer to convert the biological response into an electrical signal, and a detector. Common types of biosensors include electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and ion-sensitive biosensors. The document also outlines the basic principles, components, characteristics, and applications of biosensors.
Biosensors (structure and application)Tarun Kapoor
This document discusses biosensors, including their structure, history, working principles, types, sensing elements, transducers, amplifiers, and applications. It defines a biosensor as a device that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector to detect analytes. The key components are a biological recognition element, transducer to convert the biological response into a measurable signal, and amplifier. Major applications mentioned include glucose monitoring, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and food/agriculture testing. Disadvantages include inability to use heat sterilization and stability issues with biological materials.
The document discusses biosensors, which are comprised of a biological element and transducer. The biological element interacts specifically with the target compound, while the transducer converts the biological response into an electrical signal. The key components are the bio-element, such as enzymes or antibodies, and the transducer. Common types of biosensors are electrochemical, optical, thermal, and resonant. Applications include food freshness monitoring, drug development, environmental analysis, and glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.
A biosensor is an analytical device containing an immobilized biological material (enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle or whole cell) which can specifically interact with an analyte and produce physical, chemical or electrical signals that can be measured. An analyte is a compound (e.g. glucose, urea, drug, pesticide) whose concentration has to be measured.
Biosensors combine a biological component with a detection device. They can detect analytes and provide information about biological systems. Biosensors have three main parts: (1) a biological recognition element (like enzymes, cells, nucleic acids, microbes) that interacts with the target analyte, (2) a transducer that converts this interaction into a measurable signal, and (3) a processing system. Biosensors are useful for monitoring parameters in various fields like healthcare, environmental protection, and food safety. They provide analytical tools to study bio-material structure, composition and function.
This document defines biosensors and describes their key components and operating principles. It then discusses the main types of biosensors: piezoelectric, calorimetric, optical, and electrochemical. Electrochemical biosensors are further divided into conductimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric sensors. The document provides details on the principles, methods of operation, strengths, and weaknesses of each type.
Leland Clark invented the Clark oxygen electrode, a pivotal biosensor that allows real-time monitoring of blood oxygen levels during surgery. A biosensor consists of a biological material like an enzyme or antibody immobilized on a transducer. When an analyte binds to the biological material, it produces a signal like electrons that are converted by the transducer into measurable electrical signals. Biosensors have important applications in clinical diagnostics like glucose monitoring, environmental monitoring of pollutants, and industrial processes like fermentation. Their low cost, small size, and sensitivity make them useful analytical tools.
A biosensor is a device that uses biological components like enzymes to detect the presence and amount of a biomaterial. A pregnancy test is an example of a basic biosensor that detects pregnancy but does not provide a quantitative result. Biosensors have two main components: a bioreceptor that interacts selectively with the target biomolecule, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a quantifiable signal like electrical or optical. Common bioreceptors include antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids, cells, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Transducers can operate based on optical, electrochemical, mass, or temperature changes caused by biomolecule binding. The signal is then related to the concentration of the target analyte.
Biosensors are analytical devices used for the detection of chemical substances that combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. They convert a biological response into an electrical signal and can detect, record, and transmit information about physiological changes or processes. There are various types of biosensors classified based on the transducer used, including potentiometric, amperometric, optic-based using techniques like surface plasmon resonance, piezoelectric, and calorimetric biosensors. The key components of all biosensors are the bioreceptor that binds to the target analyte, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a measurable signal.
A biosensor is an analytical device containing a biological element and transducer. The biological element interacts specifically with an analyte to produce a measurable signal. There are several types of biosensors including electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. Biosensors find various applications in pharmaceutical industries such as detection of pathogens in food and drugs, monitoring of bioprocesses, and environmental monitoring. They provide fast, accurate, and portable detection compared to conventional analytical methods.
The document discusses biosensors, which integrate a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of an analyte. It provides examples of common biosensors like those used for glucose monitoring and pregnancy testing. The key components of biosensors are described as the analyte, sample handling/preparation, detection/recognition, and signal analysis. Common sensing techniques include electrochemical, fluorescence, and optical methods. Applications of biosensors include medical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring.
Nanobiosensors integrate biological components with physiochemical transducers to detect analytes. They have three main parts: a biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. The biological element binds to the target molecule. The transducer measures a physical change from the reaction and converts it to an electrical signal. The detector amplifies and analyzes the signal. Nanobiosensors use principles like mass, light, and heat changes to detect targets. Current research applies nanomaterials like nanotubes to develop more sensitive optical and electrochemical nanobiosensors. Potential applications include detecting diseases, environmental toxins, and cancer biomarkers.
This document provides an overview of enzyme-based biosensors. It discusses the history and components of biosensors, including the biological recognition element and transducer. Common types of biosensors are described based on their method of detection such as calorimetric, optical, and potentiometric. Examples like glucose meters and pregnancy tests are explained. Glucose meters work by measuring the hydrogen peroxide produced from the reaction of glucose and glucose oxidase using an electrode. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to the principles, components, applications and examples of enzyme-based biosensors.
Biosensors integrate a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the analyte concentration. There are several key components of a biosensor including the bioreceptor, transducer, and detector. Common types of biosensors include optical, resonant, physical, ion-sensitive, and electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors offer advantages like specificity, rapid response, and continuous monitoring capability. They have wide applications in fields like medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and industrial process control.
Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological component with a physiochemical detector. There are several types of biosensors classified by their bioreceptor or transducer component. The biological element interacts selectively with an analyte and this interaction is converted to a measurable signal via the transducer. Biosensors have various applications in medicine, bioprocessing, environmental monitoring and more. Current research is developing nano-scale biosensors with improved sensitivity for early disease detection and other applications.
The document discusses biosensors, which are analytical devices that combine a biological detection element with a sensor and transducer. The first biosensor was invented in 1950 and measured oxygen in blood. There are three generations of biosensors with improvements in how the biological element interacts with the transducer. Biosensors can detect specific analytes and have applications in medicine, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food industries. Common types include electrochemical, physical, optical, and wearable biosensors.
Biotechnology is challenging subject to teach and understand also..its a very interesting subject in pharmacy..all the power point is made as per your syllabus with point to point discussion.
thank you
This document provides an overview of biosensors and nanobiosensors. It discusses that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It then describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors, including the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. Some examples mentioned include glucose monitoring devices and pregnancy tests. The document also discusses nanobiosensors and how nanoparticles can enhance sensitivity and specificity. Applications mentioned include food analysis, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In the future, nanobiosensors may allow for applications like electronic paper, morphing devices, and smart contact lenses.
This document defines a biosensor and describes its components and operating principles. A biosensor consists of a biological recognition element and physiochemical transducer. The biological element interacts selectively with the analyte of interest and the transducer converts the biological response into an electrical or optical signal. Common biological elements used include enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, and whole cells. Transducers can be electrical, optical, thermal, or piezoelectric. The signal is then related to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be designed to detect a variety of analytes and find applications in food testing, healthcare diagnostics, bioprocess monitoring, and environmental analysis. Future work aims to improve biosensor immobilization techniques, sensitivity, selectivity,
This document discusses biosensors. It defines a biosensor as a device that converts a biological signal into a measurable electrical signal. It notes that Professor Leland C. Clark is considered the father of biosensors. The document outlines the key parts of a biosensor including the bioreceptor, transducer, and signal processor. It describes different types of biosensors such as calorimetric, optical, resonant, piezoelectric, and electrochemical biosensors. Applications of biosensors include uses in food analysis, drug development, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
biosensors;components,types , applications and GMO biosensorsCherry
Biosensors are devices that helps to determine the concentration of an analyte in a sample. In this ppt, the definition, components, types, applications and GMO biosensors have been described.
The document provides an overview of biosensors, including their basic components and working principles. It defines a biosensor as a device that integrates a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer. The key components are a biological element, such as an enzyme or antibody, that interacts with the target analyte, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a measurable signal. Some common types of transducers discussed are electrochemical, optical, thermal and resonant devices. The document also describes various types of biosensors and some examples of their applications.
This document discusses biosensors and their applications. It defines a biosensor as a device that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte. The document outlines the three main components of a biosensor - the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. It describes different types of biosensors including calorimetric, potentiometric, amperometric, optical, and piezoelectric biosensors. Finally, the document discusses various applications of biosensors in fields like healthcare testing, environmental monitoring, and future applications in cancer detection.
This presentation discusses biosensors, which are devices that use biological elements like enzymes or antibodies to detect analytes and transduce biological responses into electrical signals. It describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors. The presentation provides a brief history of biosensors and discusses the major types including optical, resonant, thermal, ion selective, and electrochemical biosensors. It also outlines some applications of biosensors in the pharmaceutical sector like drug discovery screening and clinical diagnostics.
Dr.S.Karthikumar
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Biotechnology
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
S.P.G.C.Nagar, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
skarthikumar@gmail.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This document defines biosensors and describes their key components and operating principles. It then discusses the main types of biosensors: piezoelectric, calorimetric, optical, and electrochemical. Electrochemical biosensors are further divided into conductimetric, amperometric, and potentiometric sensors. The document provides details on the principles, methods of operation, strengths, and weaknesses of each type.
Leland Clark invented the Clark oxygen electrode, a pivotal biosensor that allows real-time monitoring of blood oxygen levels during surgery. A biosensor consists of a biological material like an enzyme or antibody immobilized on a transducer. When an analyte binds to the biological material, it produces a signal like electrons that are converted by the transducer into measurable electrical signals. Biosensors have important applications in clinical diagnostics like glucose monitoring, environmental monitoring of pollutants, and industrial processes like fermentation. Their low cost, small size, and sensitivity make them useful analytical tools.
A biosensor is a device that uses biological components like enzymes to detect the presence and amount of a biomaterial. A pregnancy test is an example of a basic biosensor that detects pregnancy but does not provide a quantitative result. Biosensors have two main components: a bioreceptor that interacts selectively with the target biomolecule, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a quantifiable signal like electrical or optical. Common bioreceptors include antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids, cells, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Transducers can operate based on optical, electrochemical, mass, or temperature changes caused by biomolecule binding. The signal is then related to the concentration of the target analyte.
Biosensors are analytical devices used for the detection of chemical substances that combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. They convert a biological response into an electrical signal and can detect, record, and transmit information about physiological changes or processes. There are various types of biosensors classified based on the transducer used, including potentiometric, amperometric, optic-based using techniques like surface plasmon resonance, piezoelectric, and calorimetric biosensors. The key components of all biosensors are the bioreceptor that binds to the target analyte, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a measurable signal.
A biosensor is an analytical device containing a biological element and transducer. The biological element interacts specifically with an analyte to produce a measurable signal. There are several types of biosensors including electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. Biosensors find various applications in pharmaceutical industries such as detection of pathogens in food and drugs, monitoring of bioprocesses, and environmental monitoring. They provide fast, accurate, and portable detection compared to conventional analytical methods.
The document discusses biosensors, which integrate a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of an analyte. It provides examples of common biosensors like those used for glucose monitoring and pregnancy testing. The key components of biosensors are described as the analyte, sample handling/preparation, detection/recognition, and signal analysis. Common sensing techniques include electrochemical, fluorescence, and optical methods. Applications of biosensors include medical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring.
Nanobiosensors integrate biological components with physiochemical transducers to detect analytes. They have three main parts: a biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. The biological element binds to the target molecule. The transducer measures a physical change from the reaction and converts it to an electrical signal. The detector amplifies and analyzes the signal. Nanobiosensors use principles like mass, light, and heat changes to detect targets. Current research applies nanomaterials like nanotubes to develop more sensitive optical and electrochemical nanobiosensors. Potential applications include detecting diseases, environmental toxins, and cancer biomarkers.
This document provides an overview of enzyme-based biosensors. It discusses the history and components of biosensors, including the biological recognition element and transducer. Common types of biosensors are described based on their method of detection such as calorimetric, optical, and potentiometric. Examples like glucose meters and pregnancy tests are explained. Glucose meters work by measuring the hydrogen peroxide produced from the reaction of glucose and glucose oxidase using an electrode. Overall, the document provides a high-level introduction to the principles, components, applications and examples of enzyme-based biosensors.
Biosensors integrate a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the analyte concentration. There are several key components of a biosensor including the bioreceptor, transducer, and detector. Common types of biosensors include optical, resonant, physical, ion-sensitive, and electrochemical biosensors. Biosensors offer advantages like specificity, rapid response, and continuous monitoring capability. They have wide applications in fields like medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and industrial process control.
Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological component with a physiochemical detector. There are several types of biosensors classified by their bioreceptor or transducer component. The biological element interacts selectively with an analyte and this interaction is converted to a measurable signal via the transducer. Biosensors have various applications in medicine, bioprocessing, environmental monitoring and more. Current research is developing nano-scale biosensors with improved sensitivity for early disease detection and other applications.
The document discusses biosensors, which are analytical devices that combine a biological detection element with a sensor and transducer. The first biosensor was invented in 1950 and measured oxygen in blood. There are three generations of biosensors with improvements in how the biological element interacts with the transducer. Biosensors can detect specific analytes and have applications in medicine, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food industries. Common types include electrochemical, physical, optical, and wearable biosensors.
Biotechnology is challenging subject to teach and understand also..its a very interesting subject in pharmacy..all the power point is made as per your syllabus with point to point discussion.
thank you
This document provides an overview of biosensors and nanobiosensors. It discusses that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It then describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors, including the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. Some examples mentioned include glucose monitoring devices and pregnancy tests. The document also discusses nanobiosensors and how nanoparticles can enhance sensitivity and specificity. Applications mentioned include food analysis, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In the future, nanobiosensors may allow for applications like electronic paper, morphing devices, and smart contact lenses.
This document defines a biosensor and describes its components and operating principles. A biosensor consists of a biological recognition element and physiochemical transducer. The biological element interacts selectively with the analyte of interest and the transducer converts the biological response into an electrical or optical signal. Common biological elements used include enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, and whole cells. Transducers can be electrical, optical, thermal, or piezoelectric. The signal is then related to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be designed to detect a variety of analytes and find applications in food testing, healthcare diagnostics, bioprocess monitoring, and environmental analysis. Future work aims to improve biosensor immobilization techniques, sensitivity, selectivity,
This document discusses biosensors. It defines a biosensor as a device that converts a biological signal into a measurable electrical signal. It notes that Professor Leland C. Clark is considered the father of biosensors. The document outlines the key parts of a biosensor including the bioreceptor, transducer, and signal processor. It describes different types of biosensors such as calorimetric, optical, resonant, piezoelectric, and electrochemical biosensors. Applications of biosensors include uses in food analysis, drug development, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
biosensors;components,types , applications and GMO biosensorsCherry
Biosensors are devices that helps to determine the concentration of an analyte in a sample. In this ppt, the definition, components, types, applications and GMO biosensors have been described.
The document provides an overview of biosensors, including their basic components and working principles. It defines a biosensor as a device that integrates a biological recognition element with a physiochemical transducer. The key components are a biological element, such as an enzyme or antibody, that interacts with the target analyte, and a transducer that converts the biological response into a measurable signal. Some common types of transducers discussed are electrochemical, optical, thermal and resonant devices. The document also describes various types of biosensors and some examples of their applications.
This document discusses biosensors and their applications. It defines a biosensor as a device that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte. The document outlines the three main components of a biosensor - the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. It describes different types of biosensors including calorimetric, potentiometric, amperometric, optical, and piezoelectric biosensors. Finally, the document discusses various applications of biosensors in fields like healthcare testing, environmental monitoring, and future applications in cancer detection.
This presentation discusses biosensors, which are devices that use biological elements like enzymes or antibodies to detect analytes and transduce biological responses into electrical signals. It describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors. The presentation provides a brief history of biosensors and discusses the major types including optical, resonant, thermal, ion selective, and electrochemical biosensors. It also outlines some applications of biosensors in the pharmaceutical sector like drug discovery screening and clinical diagnostics.
Dr.S.Karthikumar
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Biotechnology
Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology
S.P.G.C.Nagar, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
skarthikumar@gmail.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
3. Definition
• A biosensor is an analytical device, used for
the detection of an analyte, that combines a
biological component with a physicochemical
detector.
5. Introduction
• A biosensor is a sensing device comprised of a
combination of a specific biological element and
a transducer.
• A specific biological element recognizes a specific
analyte and the changes in the biomolecule are
usually converted into and electrical signal (
which is in turn calibrated to a specific scale ) by a
transducer.
• It detects, records and transmits information
regarding a physiological change or process.
6. A successful biosensor must possess at least
some of the following beneficial features:
• The biocatalyst must be highly specific for the purpose
of the analyses, be stable under normal storage
conditions and, except in the case of colorimetric
enzyme strips
• The reaction should be as independent of such physical
parameters as stirring, pH and temperature as is
manageable. This would allow the analysis of samples
with minimal pre-treatment.
• The response should be accurate, precise, reproducible
and linear over the useful analytical range, without
dilution or concentration. It should also be free from
electrical noise.
7. • If the biosensor is to be used for invasive monitoring in
clinical situations, the probe must be tiny and
biocompatible, having no toxic or antigenic effects. If it
is to be used in fermenters it should be serializable.
This is preferably performed by autoclaving but no
biosensor enzymes can presently withstand such
drastic wet-heat treatment. In either case, the
biosensor should not be prone to fouling or
proteolysis.
• The complete biosensor should be cheap, small,
portable and capable of being used by semi-skilled
operators.
8. Glucometer
• Current glucometers use test strips containing
glucose oxidase, an enzyme that reacts to
glucose in the blood droplet,
• When the strip is inserted into the meter, the
flux of the glucose reaction generates an
electrical signal
• The glucometer is calibrated so the number
appearing in its digital readout corresponds to
the strength of the electrical current
9. Bio-element
• It is a typically complex chemical system usually
extracted or derived directly from a biological
organism.
• Types
• Enzymes
• Oxidase
• Polysaccharide
• Antibiotics
• Tissue
• Nucleic acid
10. Conti…
• Function
• To interact specifically with a target compound
i.e compound to be detected.
• It must be capable of detecting the presence
of a target compound in the test solution.
• The ability of a bio-element to interact
specifically with the target compound
(specifically) is the basis for biosensor.
11. Tranducer
• Function
• To convert biological response in to an
electrical signal.
• Types
• Electrochemical
• Optical
• Piezoelectric
12. Response From Bio-element
• Heat absorbed (or liberated) during the
interaction.
• Movement of electrons produced in a redox
reaction.
• Light absorbed ( or liberated ) during the
interaction.
• Effect due to mass of reactants or products.
14. Electrochemical biosensor
• Principle:
• Many chemical reactions produce or consume
ions or electrons which in turn cause some
change in the electrical properties of the solution
which can be sensed out and used as measuring
parameter.
• Classification:
1. Amperometric Biosensors
2. Conductimetric Biosensors
3. Potentiometric Biosensors
16. Amperometric Biosensors
• The high sensitivity biosensor can detect
electro-active species present in biological test
samples.
• Since the biological test samples may not be
intrinsically electro-active, enzymes are
needed to catalyze the production of radio-
active species.
• In this case, the measured parameters is
current.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Conductimetric Biosensors
• The measured parameter is the electrical
conductance resistance of the solution.
• When electrochemical reactions produce ions or
electrons, the overall conductivity or resistivity of
the solution changes. This change is measured
and calibrated to a proper scale (Conductance
measurements have relatively low sensitivity).
• The electric field is generated using a sinusoidal
voltage (AC) which in minimizing undesirable
effects such as Faradaic process, double layer
charging and concentration polarization.
23. Potentiometric biosensors
• In this type of sensor the measured parameter is
oxidation or reduction potential of an
electrochemical reaction.
• The working principle relies on the fact that
where a ramp voltage is applied to an electrode
in solution, a current flow occurs because of
electrochemical reactions.
• The voltage at which these reaction occurs
indicate a particular reaction and particular
species.
25. Optical detection biosensor
• The output transduced signal that is measured is light
for this type of biosensor.
• The biosensor can be made based on optical
diffraction. In optical diffraction based devices, a silicon
wafer is coated with a protein via covalent bonds. The
wafer is exposed to UV light through a photo-mask and
the antibodies becomeinactive in the exposed regions.
When the diced wafer chips are incubated in an
analyte, antigen-antibody bindings are formed in the
active regions , thus creating a diffraction grating. This
grating produces a diffraction signal when illuminated
with a light source such as laser. The resulting signal
can be measured.
27. Thermal detection biosensors
• This type of biosensor work on the fundamental properties
of biological reactions, namely absorption or production of
heat , which in turn changes the temperature of the
medium in which the reaction takes place.
• They are constructed by combining immobilized enzymes
molecules with the temperature sensors. When the analyte
comes in contact with the enzyme is measured and is
calibrated against the analyte concentration.
• The total heat produced or absorbed is proportional to the
molar enthalpy and the total number of molecules in the
reaction.
28. Conti…
• The measurement of the temperature is typically
accomplished via a thermistor, and such devices are
known as enzyme thermistors. Their high sensitivity to
thermal changes makes thermistor ideal for such
applications.
• Unlike other transducers, thermal biosensors do not
need frequent recalibration and are insensitive to the
optical and electrochemical properties of the sample.
• Common applications of this type of biosensors
includes the detection of pesticides and pathogenic
bacteria.
30. Resonant biosensors
• It utilize crystal which undergo an electric
deformation when an electrical potential is
applied to them. (Alternating potential (A.C)
produces a standing wave in the crystal at a
characteristic frequency)
• In this type of biosensor, an acoustic wave
transducer is coupled with an antibody (bio-
element).
31. Conti…
• When the analyte molecule (or antigen) gets
attached to the membrane, the mass of the
membrane, the mass of the membrane
changes. The resulting change in the mass
subsequently changes the resonant frequency
of the resonant frequency of the transducer.
This frequency change is then measured.
33. Ion sensitive biosensor
• These are semiconductor FETs having an ion-
sensitive surface.
• The surface electrical potential changes when the
ions and semiconductor interact. (This change in
the potential can be subsequently measured).
• The Ion sensitive Fielf Effect Transistor (ISFET) can
be constructed by covering the sensor electrode
with a polymer layer. This polymer layer is
selectively permeable to analyte ions. The ions
diffuse through the polymer layer and in return
cause a change in the FET surface potential.
34. Conti…
• This type of biosensor is also called an ENFET
(Enzyme Field Effect Transistor) and is
primarily used for pH detection.
36. Glucose biosensors
• Glucose reacts with glucose oxidase to form
gluconic acid. Two electrons and two protons are
also produced.
• Glucose mediator reacts with surrounding oxygen
to form H2O2 and glucose oxidase.
• Now this glucose oxidase react with more
glucose.
• Higher the glucose content, the higher the
oxygen consumption.
• Glucose content can be detected by Pt-electrode.
39. Conclusion
• As the potential threat to bioterrorism increase, there
is great need for a tool that can quickly, reliably and
accurately detect contaminating bio-agents in the
atmosphere.
• Biosensors can essentially serve as low-cost and highly
efficient devices for this purpose in addition to being
used in other day-to-day application.
• Biosensors are known as immuno-sensors,optrodes,
chemical, canaries, resonant mirrors, glucometers
biochips bio-computers and so on.