This document discusses biometrics, which uses physical and behavioral characteristics to identify individuals. It outlines various biometric technologies including fingerprints, palm prints, iris scans, retina scans, voice recognition, signatures, and keystrokes. The biometric process involves data collection, template generation, matching, and decision making. Benefits of biometrics include strong security, accountability, convenience, and reduced password administration costs.

1. BIOMETRICS
PRESENTED BY ATUL BAGHEL

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES
• BIOMETRIC PROCESS
• BIOMETRICS Vs TRADITIONAL TECH.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BIOMETRIC
SYSTEM
• BENEFITS OF BIOMETRICS

3. INTRODUCTION
This is the ancient Greek word: Bio = “life”
and Metric = “measure.”
Biometrics are a range of technologies that
use specific physical and/or behavioral
characteristics unique to each individual to
either establish or confirm the identity of
that individual.

4. BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES
Physiological Parameters
• Fingerprint
• Palm print
• Face
• Iris
• Retina
Behavioral Parameters
• Gait
• Voice
• Signature
• Keystroke

5. BIOMETRICS PROCESS
No
Yes
Biometric
Data Collection
Transmission
Quality
Sufficient?
Yes
Template Match
Signal Processing,
Feature Extraction,
Representation
Database
Generate Template
Decision
Confidence?
new biometric sample is requested.
No

6. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
Authenticates identity using finger print
patterns. Used at point of entry, but sensors
prone to malfunction, especially when dirty.

7. FINGERPRINT
Arch Loop
Whorl
Ridge ending Bifurcation Short Ridge

8. PALM PRINT
This technique include the estimation of
length, width, thickness and surface area of the
hand.

9. FACE RECOGNITION
• Face recognition uses the visible physical structure of
the face and analyses the spatial geometry of
distinguishing features in it to identify an individual.

10. FACE RECOGNITION PROCESS
Database
Input face
image
Extraction of
face image
Extraction of
face features
Positive
negative

11. IRIS IDENTIFICATION
• The iris is the colored ring of textured tissue
that surrounds the pupil of the eye.

12. IRIS IDENTIFICATION STEPS
Database
Input of face
image
Detection of
eye regions
Put iris in focus
Recognition of
iris pattern
accept
reject

13. RETINA GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY
• A retinal scan involves the use of a low-
intensity coherent light source, which is
projected onto the retina to illuminate the
blood vessels which are then photographed
and analyzed.
• A retinal scan has an error rate of 1 in
10,000,000, compared to fingerprint
identification error being
sometimes as high as
1 in 500.

14. GAIT RECOGNITION
• Gait recognition is an emerging biometric
technology which involves people being
identified purely through the analysis of the
way they walk.

15. VOICE RECOGNITION
• Voice Recognition: is the Identification using the
acoustic features of speech that have been found to
differ between individuals.
• The vocal characteristics depend on the dimensions of
the vocal tract, mouth, nasal cavities and the other
speech processing mechanism of the human body.

16. •the angle at which the pen is held,
•the number of times the pen is lifted,
•the time it takes to write the entire signature,
the pressure exerted by the person while signing,
the variations in the speed with which different
parts of the signature are written.
DIGITAL SIGNATURE
Biometric
trait

17. KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS
Keystroke dynamics are the patterns of rhythm
and timing created when a person types.
Keystroke dynamics include:
• Overall speed
• Variations of speed moving between specific keys.
• Common errors.
• The length of time that keys are depressed.

18. BIOMETRICS Vs TRADITIONAL TECH.
Which is better? Neither is adequate for strong, practical
security on its own. Each has strengths and weaknesses, and
real security requires some combination of these or other
technologies.
PASSWORD It is simple to use, easy to implement and can be
reasonably strong. The problem is one of scale.
BIOMETRICS The use of physical traits such as fingerprints, irises,
faces or voices to identify persons – is more complex, but is
becoming more practical.
All forms of biometrics operate on the “close enough”
principle.
Combining both is “practical as well as strong”.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BIOMETRIC
SYSTEM
• Universality
• Distinctiveness
• Permanence
• Performance
• Acceptability
• Ease of use

20. BENEFITS OF BIOMETRICS
• Highly practical
• Higher degree of accountability
• Easy and Safe for Use
• Time Saving
• User Friendly Systems
• Better Security
• Versatility
• Reduce password administration costs.