Biomass Combustion in Poland present and prospective policy strategies - Adam Guła

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This document discusses biomass combustion policies in Poland. It notes that while biomass is relatively abundant in Poland, it is still a limited resource that needs to be used sustainably. Currently, Poland focuses on co-firing biomass with coal for electricity generation, but this leads to many technical problems and high transportation costs. A survey of biomass experts found that using biomass locally for heating, especially in rural areas, is preferred over long-distance transportation for electricity generation to minimize costs and environmental impacts while boosting rural development. The document argues Poland's biomass strategy should prioritize local, small-scale heating applications of biomass over large-scale electricity production.

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We have to remember that we need biomass primarily for food ,[object Object]

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[object Object],[object Object],long distance transportation huge technical problems

illustration of the transportation problem:

Supply sources A hypothetical example ca 400 MW thermal power plant ca 5% of electricity from biomass

Źródło: Opracowanie własne 500 tons/day, i.e 50 trucks with 10 tonnes load per day times 100 km gives 5000 km/day (one way) i.e. Moscow – Lisbon return every day i.e. ca. 2000-3000 litres of Diesel oil + (LCA) energy embedded in truck maintenance & construction, maintenance of roads, etc gives about 25% loss of energy at the power station gate Moscow - Lisbon via PL 5100 km

examples of technical problems behind the power station gate:

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The adverse effect of co-firing of biomass on the heat exchanger in the boiler S&F Processes Slagging and fouling Due to high content of alkaline compounds in biomass Corrosion High temperature corrosion Chloride Chlorine compounds in biomass

Pipe of the secondary superheater X-ray pitting corrosion

POWER GENERATING COMPANIES WOULD NEVER DO THAT WERE THEY NOT HEAVILY COMPENSATED HOW IS IT DONE?

FOR EACH MWh of „ GREEN ELECTRICITY” POWER GENERATORS GET ABOUT 3 TIMES MORE THAN they get for a coal-based MWh t his is (ca. 70 EUR / MWh) this is a „hidden subsidy” which costs the Polish electrcity consumers ca. 700mln EUR/year !

Central Europe Project 4BIOMASS opinion survey on a sample of 1221 biomass experts from: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia www.4biomass.eu *Authors: Katharina Renner, University of Vienna (statistical analysis) Johannes Schmidl, Kerstin Schilcher Austrian Energy Agency Vienna, September 2011

Weighted answers to the question: Which kind of biomass use will be most important to achieve the environmental -goals in your country ?

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Examples of applications Chrzelice 100 kW Location: Chrzelice ( southern Poland ) Boiler type: EKOPAL RM 30 (100 kW) Application: heating of two single-family houses

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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI. UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities. Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes. What will you get from this session? 1. Insights into integrating generative AI. 2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform 3. Practical demonstrations 4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath Topics covered: What is generative AI Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI. UiPath integration with generative AI Speaker: Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP

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8. illustration of the transportation problem:

9. Supply sources A hypothetical example ca 400 MW thermal power plant ca 5% of electricity from biomass

10. Źródło: Opracowanie własne 500 tons/day, i.e 50 trucks with 10 tonnes load per day times 100 km gives 5000 km/day (one way) i.e. Moscow – Lisbon return every day i.e. ca. 2000-3000 litres of Diesel oil + (LCA) energy embedded in truck maintenance & construction, maintenance of roads, etc gives about 25% loss of energy at the power station gate Moscow - Lisbon via PL 5100 km

11. examples of technical problems behind the power station gate:

12.

13. The adverse effect of co-firing of biomass on the heat exchanger in the boiler S&F Processes Slagging and fouling Due to high content of alkaline compounds in biomass Corrosion High temperature corrosion Chloride Chlorine compounds in biomass

14. Pipe of the secondary superheater X-ray pitting corrosion

15.

16. POWER GENERATING COMPANIES WOULD NEVER DO THAT WERE THEY NOT HEAVILY COMPENSATED HOW IS IT DONE?

17. FOR EACH MWh of „ GREEN ELECTRICITY” POWER GENERATORS GET ABOUT 3 TIMES MORE THAN they get for a coal-based MWh t his is (ca. 70 EUR / MWh) this is a „hidden subsidy” which costs the Polish electrcity consumers ca. 700mln EUR/year !

18.

19. Central Europe Project 4BIOMASS opinion survey on a sample of 1221 biomass experts from: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia www.4biomass.eu *Authors: Katharina Renner, University of Vienna (statistical analysis) Johannes Schmidl, Kerstin Schilcher Austrian Energy Agency Vienna, September 2011

20. Weighted answers to the question: Which kind of biomass use will be most important to achieve the environmental -goals in your country ?

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28. Examples of applications Chrzelice 100 kW Location: Chrzelice ( southern Poland ) Boiler type: EKOPAL RM 30 (100 kW) Application: heating of two single-family houses

29. AGH, 180 kW

Editor's Notes

Rura z przegrzewacza pośredniego pary wtórnej
Każdy metal podlega utlenianiu jednakże w pewnych warunkach proces ten może przechodzić bardzo gwałtownie. Odporność na utlenianie danego gatunku stali jest określana przez jego żaroodporność determinowaną stabilnością warstwy tlenkowej chroniącej metal przed gwałtownym utlenianiem (wykres Chaudrona). Stabilność warstwy ochronnej jest uzależniona przede wszystkim od temperatury, środowiska w którym się znajduje oraz od składu chemicznego stali co ma odzwierciedlenie w składzie chemicznym warstwy. W związku z powyższym każdy gatunek stali ma dopuszczalną temperaturę dla długotrwałej pracy [9] po przekroczeniu której następuje utrata własności ochronnych warstwy tlenków i gwałtowne utlenianie (korozja) metalu.

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