2. 2
What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energyenergy in livingliving
systemssystems
(environments)
and the
organismsorganisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them
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7. 7
Endergonic Reactions
Chemical reactionChemical reaction that
requires a net input of
energyenergy.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUN
photonsphotons
Light
Energy
(glucose)(glucose)
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8. 8
Exergonic Reactions
Chemical reactionsChemical reactions that
releases energyreleases energy
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP
(glucose)(glucose)
EnergyEnergy
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15. 15
ATPATP
Components:Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose:2. ribose: five carbon sugarfive carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 33.phosphate group: chain of 3
riboseribose
adenineadenine
P P P
phosphate groupphosphate group
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16. 16
Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
ThreeThree
phosphatephosphate
groups-groups-(two(two
with highwith high
energy bondsenergy bonds
Last phosphateLast phosphate
group (POgroup (PO44))
contains thecontains the
MOST energyMOST energy
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17. 17
Breaking the Bonds of ATPBreaking the Bonds of ATP
Process is called
phosphorylationphosphorylation
Occurs continually
in cells
Enzyme ATP-aseATP-ase
can weaken &
break last POlast PO44
bondbond releasing
energy & free PO4
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18. 18
How does ATP work ?How does ATP work ?
Organisms use enzymesenzymes to
break down energy-richenergy-rich
glucoseglucose to release its
potential energy
This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
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19. 19
How Much ATP Do Cells Use?How Much ATP Do Cells Use?
It is estimated
that each celleach cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,00010,000,000
molecules ofmolecules of
ATPATP per secondper second
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20. 20
Coupled Reaction - ATPCoupled Reaction - ATP
The exergonicexergonic
hydrolysishydrolysis of ATPATP
is coupled with
the endergonicendergonic
dehydrationdehydration
processprocess by
transferringtransferring a
phosphate groupphosphate group
to another
molecule.
HH22OO
HH22OO
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21. 21
Hydrolysis ofHydrolysis of ATPATP
ATP + H2O → ADP + P
(exergonic)
HydrolysisHydrolysis
(add water)(add water)
P P P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P P P++
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
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26. 26
How many high energyHow many high energy
phosphate bonds does ATPphosphate bonds does ATP
have?have?
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27. 27
Which is true of photosyntheis?Which is true of photosyntheis?
AnabolicAnabolic oror CatabolicCatabolic
ExergonicExergonic OrOr EndergonicEndergonic
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28. 28
The breakdown of ATP isThe breakdown of ATP is
due to:due to:
DehydrationDehydration oror HydrolysisHydrolysis
HH22O addedO added oror HH22O removedO removed
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29. 29
Which Reactions are oftenWhich Reactions are often
Coupled in OrganismsCoupled in Organisms
HydrolysisHydrolysis oror DehydrationDehydration
AnabolismAnabolism or Catabolismor Catabolism
EndergonicEndergonic oror ExergonicExergonic
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
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