Human and Environment

1. JOIN HANDS TO PLANT A PLANT & SAVE EARTH
Presented By:
Mr . P. Raj Shekhar Phaneendra
Asst. Prof. of Physics

2. World Environment Day is also known as the
Environment Day, Eco Day or short form WED.
World Environment Day (also called as WED) has been
started celebrating as an annual event on every 5th of June
in order to raise the global awareness about the importance
of the healthy and green environment in the human lives.

3. Objectives of WED celebrations
• It is celebrated to make aware the common public
about the environmental issues.
• Encourage common people from different society
and communities to actively participate in the
celebration as well as become an active agent in
developing environmental safety measures.
• Encourage people to make their nearby
surroundings safe and clean to enjoy safer,
cleaner and more prosperous future.

5. It’s our collective responsibility to
save Environment

6. Environment
The term “Environment" means total
surroundings of an organism.
Environment is a system of physical,
chemical and biological factors in
dynamic equilibrium.

7. Environmental Perception: Who
Cares?
Week Year Lifetime Next Generation
Family
Community
Nation
World Very Important
Some Importanc
Little Importance
No Importance
Global Warming
Hazardous materials
Air pollution

8. Environment
Environment
Abiotic environment
Sun light,soil,air,water
Biotic environment
Microorganisms,plants,animals

9. Lithosphere
- Solid earth
Basic Components
Environment
Physical environment Biotic environment
Hydrosphere Atmosphere
- Water - Gaseous
envelope
Biosphere
Flora Fauna
- Plants, microbes
Animals

10. Biosphere
 It is a complex interacting system of living organisms
and the physical environment.
 The biosphere is composed of smaller units called
Ecosystems.

11. Ecosystem
 A dynamically balanced open environmental
system.
 Self- sustaining ( ~ self cleaning ability )
 Stability ( Buffering ability )

12. The quality of Human life is directly
related to the quality of Environment.

13. Human dependence on the
natural Environment
 a resource for food
supply
 a major source of
medicines
 an energy source
 a source for recreation
 natural resources for
industrial products

14. N
E
E
D
S
W
A
N
T
S
W
A
N
T
S
Environment
Human wants are never
ending

15. Human activity = Impacts
 Human activity is a
major cause of
environmental change
 Environment
degradation has an
impact not only on
human beings but on
all species and most
natural systems

16. Human activity = Impacts
Ozone depletion
Loss of
biodiversity
Population increase
Economic growth
Global warming
Air ,water & land
pollution
Resource depletion

17. Garbage of Plastic Bags Plastics in the Oceans

18. WHAT IS GLOBAL CHANGE ?
 Global change includes
natural and human- induced
changes in the Earth's
environment .
 Global change can be defined
as changes in the global
environment (including
alterations in climate, land
productivity, oceans or other
water resources, atmospheric
chemistry, and ecological
systems) that may alter the
capacity of the Earth to
sustain life.

19. Our current global situation:
 Since the mid 1980s, humanity has
been in ecological overshoot with
annual demand on resources
exceeding what Earth can regenerate
each year.
It now takes the Earth one year and
four months to regenerate what we
use in a year.

20. Human population growth
 Population growth is the central cause of
the environmental crisis.
 Human impact on the biosphere is a
function of the size of human population
and environmental impact per person.
 It also depends on the nature and degree
of industrialization.
 The world’s population presently grows
by about 250,000 people per day.
 Our population is rapidly rising beyond
the earth's ability to regenerate and
sustain us .
 We are exceeding the carrying capacity
of our planet.
How do human impact the Environment?

21. Over-population leads to:
 Resource depletion
 Resource degradation
 Pollution
 Loss of biodiversity

22. Impact of over population

23. I
N
D
U
S
T
R
Y
Chemical inputs
(raw materials
Power inputs
( gas, oil, coal)
Other inputs
(water)
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
The products
Gaseous
effluent
Liquid
effluent
Solid Waste
Impact of Industrialization

24. Impact of Urbanization
Urbanization
Over crowding of
people
Increased demand for resources
Increased disposal of waste
Air pollution
slums

25. Agriculture
Desertification
Salinization & water logging
Nitrate build-up
Animal Wastes
Fertilizer run-off
(salts &
phosphates)
Pesticidal toxicity
Impact of Agriculture

26. Human health impacts of Pesticidal pollution
 Affect and damage the nervous
system.
 Cause liver damage.
 Damage DNA and a variety of
cancers
 Cause reproductive and
endocrine damage.
 Cause other acutely toxic and
chronic effects.

27. Deforestation
 Tropical forests cover only six
percent of Earth’s land surface.
 They contain between 70% and
90% of world’s species .
 Deforestation is causing a loss of
biological diversity on an
unprecedented scale.
 Loss of biological diversity
between 50 and 100 animal and
plant species each day
 Tropical rainforests are
disappearing at an alarming rate.

28. Deforestation
 Rainforest are one of the most biologically diverse
regions of the world.
 More than 50 percent of the tree cover has
disappeared due to human activity.
 Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon.
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is used to
produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make
up trees.
 Forests naturally cool down the climate because
they help retain moisture in the air.
 Deforestation has been found to contribute to
global warming.

29. Desertification
 Desertification is the persistent degradation of dry
land ecosystems.
 Overgrazing results in removal of vegetation and
exposing of soil to wind and water erosion.
 Some 10 to 20% of dry land are already degraded.
 Climatic changes can trigger the desertification
process.
 But human activities frequently are the proximate
cause.
 Desertification is devouring more than 20,000 square
miles of land worldwide every year.

30. Land Degradation
 loss of quality and
productive capacity of
soil.
 the loss of organic
matter and fertility
 the reduction of
vegetative cover and
biodiversity
 decline in soil life.
 Results in compaction
and erosion
 a reduction in water
holding capacity and
increased salinization.

31. Health Impacts of land pollution
 Breathing of polluted dust or particles cause problems
in the respiratory system
 Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in
polluted soil lead to birth defects
 Cause problems on the skin
 Cause various kinds of cancers

33. Pollution : A silent Killer
People are exposed to harmful
Pollutants in the air they
breathe , the liquids they drink,
the food they eat, the surface
they touch, and the products
they use.
When the environment can not
process the load of pollutants ,
pollution takes place .
Every environmental system has a
carrying capacity .

34. Impact of Air pollution
 Visibility reduction - airborne
particles
 Material damage - damage to
rubber goods and textiles
 Agricultural damage –
damages all kinds of crops
 Psychological effects –
psychosomatic diseases
 Physiological and health
effects – respiratory /
cardiovascular diseases and lung
cancer

35. Impact of air pollution on plants
 Interfere with photosynthesis , carbohydrates
production
 Damage to leaf tissue and fruit
 Reduction in growth rate or suppression of growth
 Increased susceptibility to disease, pests and
adverse weather
 Reduced crop yields and makes fruit smaller,
lighter and less nutritious

36. Doubling of carbon dioxide
In 1850, atmospheric concentration of
carbon dioxide was about 280 ppm.
 Today, it is about 350 ppm.
This increase is due largely to burning of
fossil fuels and clearing of forests.

37. Impact of increasing CO2 levels in the
Atmosphere
 Increased photosynthesis and productivity by the
earth’s vegetation .
 Increased plant production also means increased
respiration .
 Elevated CO2 means an increase in global
temperature - the greenhouse effect
 Increased average surface temperature of the earth
by about 0.6° ± 0.2°C.
 This increase in earth’s average temperature is
called Global warming.
 A warmer Earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns,
a rise in sea level, and a wide range of impacts on plants,
wildlife, and humans.

38. Heat - trapping gases -Greenhouse
gases (GHGs)
GHGs
carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide
Methane
Water vapour
Halons (halocarbons)
Fire-extinguisher
Chlorofluorocarbons
(e.g. Freon)
A refrigerant

39. Anthropogenic Green house effect
Co2 - 50% - 60% of global
warming, fossil burning
CFCs- 15% - 25% deplete
ozone in atmosphere
Methane – 12%- 20%
Anaerobic bacteria
Nitrous oxide – traps heat,
depletes ozone

40. Impact of heat – trapping gases
(Greenhouse gases)
 The heat retention capacity of methane is 25 times
greater than carbon dioxide.
 Nitrous oxide is about 200 times more than carbon
dioxide.
 The global surface temperature has risen about 0.5 C
since the Industrial Revolution.
 It will rise from 1.5 degrees C to 4.5 degrees C by 2060.

41. Green house effect
 Single – element molecules: e.g.
oxygen, nitrogen –transparent
to heat.
 Polyatomic gases: e.g. water
vapour , methane, carbon
dioxide trap heat in the
atmosphere much like glass in
a greenhouse traps heat.
 Global Warming increase in
the average temperature of the
atmosphere, oceans, and
landmasses of Earth.

43. Global Temperature rise

44. Impact of Global warming
1. Temperature extremes
2. Rise in sea level, and change in precipitation
3. Storms, coastal flooding
4. Contamination of drinking water
5. Drought
6. Food shortages due to shift in agricultural food
production
7. Air pollution ( made worse by warming)
8. Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema complications
9. Increased need to population migrations
10. Unable to control spread of infectious diseases

45. Ozone hole above Antarctica
 In 1980s scientists discovered a "hole" in the ozone
over Antarctica.
 In 1990s atmospheric scientists reported an annual
loss of 40-50% of the ozone above Antarctica.
 One CFC molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone
molecules.

46. Ozone hole size changes

47. Water pollutants
 Industrial Effluents
 Mining and Agricultural
Wastes
 Agricultural pesticides,
fertilizers and herbicides
 Sewage Disposal and
Domestic Wastes

48. Impact of water pollution
 Nutrient loading may lead to Eutrophication .
 Organic wastes cause oxygen depletion.
 Industrial discharges contain heavy metals ,
resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and
solids.
 Discharges from power stations can also have
thermal effects, and these too reduce the available
oxygen.

49. Health impacts of water pollution
Water related Diseases
Water – borne infections
-typhoid, cholera, hepatitis
Water – washed infections
scabies , conjunctivitis, diarrhea
Water – based infections
Schistosomiasis,guinea worm
Water – related insect vectors
Yellow fever, sleeping sickness
Defective sanitation
-Hook worm

50. Health effects of pollution-Over view

51. Threats to Biodiversity
Threats to
Biodiversity
Habitat loss and destruction
Alterations in ecosystem
composition
Introduction of exotic species
Over-exploitation
pollution and contamination
Global climate change

53. Future predictions
 Water Scarcity - Currently, 434 million people face either
water scarcity. By 2025 it may increase between 2.6 billion
and 3.1 billion people.
 Cropland Scarcity- The number of people living in countries
where cultivated land is critically scarce is projected to
increase between 600 million and 986 million in 2025.
 Fisheries - The capacity of coastal and marine ecosystems to
produce fish for human harvest is highly degraded by over-fishing,
destructive trawling techniques and loss of coastal nursery areas.
Seventy –five percent of all fish stocks are in urgent need of better
management.

54. Future predictions
 Forests – Past Land cover of forests in India is 33%- Present
Land cover of forests in India is 12%- Global rate of
deforestation is 10 million hectares per year .
 Global Warming –Average surface temperature of the earth
is 15 degrees C. It has risen by 0.6 degrees C. Global
temperature will rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C.
 Species Extinction –Present rate of extinction is 1000-
10,000 times higher than the natural extinction.
Earth may lose upto 50% of the species by the end of 21
century. In tropical forests the extinction is 2-5 species per
hour.

55. Solving Environmental
Problems

56. Suggestions for Improvement
 Prevent pollution.
 Reduce waste.
 Use water, energy and other resources efficiently.
 Manage the use of natural resources prudently.
 Maintain the diversity of life.
 Protect and respect the world's natural, cultural,
indigenous and historical heritage.
 Support environmental education and training.
 Support local action and community participation.
 Promote practices, methods and technologies that
reduce negative impacts on the environment.

58. Green Technologies

59. What is Green Technology?
 Green technology is the technology which is
environmentally friendly and is created and used in a
way that conserves natural resources and the
environment.
 It's main goal is to find ways to produce technology in
ways that do not damage or deplete the Earth's natural
resources.
 The use of green technology (clean technology) is
supposed to reduce the amount of waste and pollution
that is created during production and consumption.

60. “There is enough in the world for
everyone’s need, but not enough for
everyone’s greed.”
- Mahatma Gandhi