This document provides an introduction to biomolecules, which are the basic organic compounds that make up living organisms and perform important functions. It defines biomolecules as chemical compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus that are the building blocks of life. The document lists the main biomolecule components in cells and their approximate percentages of total cellular mass, with water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and iron being the primary components. It also distinguishes between primary metabolites that are directly involved in basic metabolic activities, and secondary metabolites that are not directly involved but still important organic compounds produced by organisms.

1. Government Degree & PG College (A)
Siddipet, Telangana
Department of Fisheries
BIOMOLECULES
By
DHARAVATH RAM KUMAR
Lecturer in Fisheries, GDC(A), Siddipet

2. Biomoleules
 Introduction To Biomolecules:-
 Cell is the structural and functional unit of all organisms.
 Cell performs a wide variety of biological activities.
 Cell consists of various cell organelles and each cell organelle performs various biochemical
activities.
 Cell components are made up of some basic compounds which help in complex interactions. The
various types of molecules that perform variety of functions put together called cellular pool.
 It consists of both inorganic and organic molecules.
 Inorganic component includes salts, mineral ions and water. All the carbon compounds that we get
from living organisms are called biomolecules.
 Organic component includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, hormones, enzymes, vitamins etc.

3. Definition: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals
that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules
are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms.
Component % of the total cellular mass
Water 70-90
Proteins 10-15
Carbohydrates 3
Lipids 2
Nucleic acids, Iron 5-7 , 1
Average composition of biomolecule in a cell

4. Metabolites:-The living organism contains thousands of organic
compounds and these may be considered as metabolites . These are divided
into primary and secondary metabolites.
Metabolites
Primary metabolites secondary metabolites
•Primary metabolites: These organic compounds are involved in basic metabolic
activities
Eg:- Sugars, Amino acids, Oils, Fats, Nitrogen bases etc.
•Secondary metabolites: Organic compounds other than primary metabolites are called
secondary metabolites.
Eg:- Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Rubber antibiotics, Pigments etc.

5. References
*Fish physiology & Biochemistry by D.Ram Kumar- Shine book publishing 2023
*Aquaculture and Fisheries, Saras publication Dr.N.Arumugam, 2014
*M.Sc Zoology Entrance, Unique publication Dr.Anita Sehgal,2020
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