The document explains the binary number system, which is base 2, utilizing only digits 0 and 1, known as bits. It outlines the process of binary addition, the transition between decimal and binary formats, and highlights the differences between kilobytes and kibibytes. Additionally, it details how digital information is measured in bits and bytes, with conversions to larger units such as megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes, emphasizing the importance of accurate terminology in data storage.

2. WHAT IS BINARY
ADDITION?

3. THE NUMBER SYSTEM THAT HAS THE
BASE “2” IS CALLED A BINARY NUMBER
SYSTEM. IT USES ONLY TWO NUMBERS, 0
AND 1. EACH DIGIT IN THE BINARY
NUMBER SYSTEM IS KNOWN AS A “BIT.”
BINARY BITS “0” AND “1” STAND FOR
“LOW” AND “HIGH,” OR “OFF” AND “ON”
RESPECTIVELY. LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT
SOME EQUIVALENT VALUES OF DECIMAL
AND BINARY ADDITION.

4. Binary Addition
with
Regrouping

11. DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is
represented and stored in a digital binary
format. The term bit is an abbreviation of
binary digit and represents the smallest
piece of data. Humans interpret words and
pictures; computers interpret only patterns
of bits.

12. A bit can have only two possible values,
a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0).
A bit can be used to represent the state of
something that has two states.
For example, a light switch can be either
On or Off; in binary representation, these
states would correspond to 1 and 0,
respectively.

13. Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is
represented by a string of bits.
For example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001
Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of
letters and numbers, is known as a
byte. Codes can be used to represent almost any type of
information digitally: computer
data, graphics, photos, voice, video , and music.

14. CONVERT
DECIMAL
NUMBERS TO
BINARY

15. To convert a decimal number to binary, all
you have to do is divide the number by 2.
Get the quotient and the remainder.
Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and
get the quotient and remainder again.
Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to
0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top,
and that is the binary equivalent.

18. CALCULATING
DATA STORAGE

19. Bits and
Bytes

20. Bits are the smallest units used
for measuring digital
information, they measure 0 or
1. About 8 bits make up one
byte.
8 bits = 1 byte

22. Decimal and Binary Prefixes
Decimal prefixes are commonly used to describe
the size of a unit of data, such as a kilobyte (kB),
megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), or terabyte (TB).
These prefixes are based on the metric system
and represent the following sizes:
•Kilobyte (kB): 1,000 bytes
•Megabyte (MB): 1,000,000 bytes
•Gigabyte (GB): 1,000,000,000 bytes
•Terabyte (TB): 1,000,000,000,000 byte

23. Binary prefixes are used to describe the size of a
unit of data storage, such as a kibibyte (KiB),
mebibyte (MiB), gibibyte (GiB), or tebibyte (TiB).
These prefixes are based on the powers of 2 and
represent the following sizes:
•Kibibyte (KiB): 1,024 bytes
•Mebibyte (MiB): 1,048,576 bytes
•Gibibyte (GiB): 1,073,741,824 bytes
•Tebibyte (TiB): 1,099,511,627,776 bytes

25. History Kibibyte
The term "kibibyte" (KiB) was introduced in the
International System of Units (SI) in the late 1970s as a
way to distinguish between the standard definition of
the kilobyte (1,000 bytes) and the binary definition of
the kilobyte (1,024 bytes).
Before the kibibyte was introduced, the term
"kilobyte" was used to refer to both the decimal
definition (1,000 bytes) and the binary definition
(1,024 bytes). This caused confusion and led to
misunderstandings about the size of data storage unit

26. What is Kibibyte?
The abbreviation "KiB" stands for "kibibyte," which is a unit of
information formed by combining the prefix "kibi-" (a term
that stands for "kilobinary" and represents a multiple of 1024)
with the unit "byte".
Kibibyte (KiB) is a unit of data storage capacity that is used to
measure the size of computer files and other types of data.
Kibibyte is often used alongside other units of data storage
capacity such as the megabyte (MB) and the gigabyte (GB).
One kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes (2^10 bytes) which is equal
to 0.0009765625 megabytes, or 0.00000095367431640625
gigabyte

27. Kibibyte
vs
Kilobyte

28. The difference between a kibibyte and a kilobyte is
small, but it can be significant in certain contexts.
For example, when referring to the capacity of a
hard drive or other storage device, manufacturers
often use the term "kilobyte" to mean 1024 bytes
(a kibibyte), while the term "kibibyte" is used to
refer to the actual base-2 unit of 1024 bytes

29. This is because the bytes
measured in decimal metric is 500
GB whereas binary system shows
476 GiB wrongly printed as 476 GB
by manufacturers. This is just
another case of pure market
deceptiveness.

30. While a bit is the smallest
representation of data, the most
basic unit of digital storage is the
byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the
smallest unit of measure (UOM)
used to represent data storage
capacity.

31. One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand
bytes, specifically 1,024.
A megabyte represents more than a million
bytes or 1,048,576.
A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes.
A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776.
The exact number is gained by taking 2^n
power.