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Women Using Force in
Intimate Relationships
Binah Taylor, MA, MA, MFT
Living without Violence Programme
Oasis Conference:
‘Road to Recovery’
Brighton, 5th
September 2013
Definitions
Domestic abuse is any incident of
threatening behaviour, violence or abuse
between adults who are or have been
intimate partners or family members
regardless of gender or sexuality
Domestic violence is usually characterised
by a pattern of coercive control
Self-defence according to UK law allows
individuals to use what is reasonable force
and proportionate to imminent threat; there
must also be no reasonable alternative
Stats to Think About
1 in 3 women abused during lifetime/1 in 5 men
90% children living in a violent home witness abuse
Up to 50% of children where there is DV are also directly
abused
Up to 75% of children subject to a child protection plan
experience DV
Up to 70% of police calls due to DV involve alcohol and/or
drugs
2012 Crime Survey: 683K men experienced 1 or more incidents
of partner abuse compared to 938K women
Costs in Brighton and Hove – around £3 million each year
Assessing Risk and Need
Is she aggressor or victim or both?
Is her violence reactive/self-defence?
Is it bi-directional? (who starts, who
ends, who is injured?)
Patterns of control? Levels of fear?
Sexual dynamics of relationship(s)
Use of alcohol/substances
History of abuse – aggressor/victim?
Childhood abuse?
Cultural factors
Female Perpetrator Issues
Pattern of coercion/control not just anger
Likely to minimise violence, blame others
May also be victim in the relationship – careful
screening
Generally diff power/control issues – gender
difference (eg diff use of physical force, financial)
Past abuse, both physical and sexual to be
considered – lingering impact, PTSD
Impact of substances – often high correlation for
women who use violence
Impact as primary carer
Mental health needs
Increased Risk
Escalation of violence – more frequent,
police call outs
Increased use of alcohol and
substances/misuse of medication
Mental health needs increased
Use of weapons – not just knives/guns!
Separation
High levels of jealousy –
stalking/monitoring/tracking/texting/FB
Child contact when separated
Impact on Partner
Physical injury
Fear for self and children
Feeling trapped
Mental health - depression, anxiety
Shame
Unlikely to report - not being believed
Minimise violence
Homelessness
At Risk Group
All at risk at any given time
Vulnerable groups:
16-24 – women’s aggression on the
rise?
excluded groups (BMER,LGBT,disabled)
poverty - unemployed
lone parents
alcohol/substance misuse
early childhood DV exposure
Treatment Goals
Reduction of violence and abuse
Substance use managed
Mental health needs assessed
Safety planning/protective behaviours
May need MARAC referral - DASH
Increased parenting capacity
Empathy building
Assertiveness/self-esteem building
Healthy calming strategies
Group-work preferable or 1-1
How to Do the Work
Interventions (CBT, SF) to contain her use of force or
violence having assessed the risks (levels of violence, with
vulnerability)
Even if violence is reactive/self-defence, not a safety
strategy
Accountability without shaming - respect
Monitor child protection issues/positive mothering
Integrated treatment planning - consider the role/impact of
alcohol and substance misuse, mental health needs
Counselling relationship supportive but not
collusive/modelling healthy boundaries (confidentiality with
transparency)
Co-ordination and sequencing with other agencies – talk to
one another!
Unresolved abuse issues generally need longer term work
Couple Work
Couple work contra-indicated unless
violence has stopped
Alcohol/substance use contained
Risks of undertaking the work need to
be carefully assessed
Individual support alongside violence
Impact on family/children
Safety planning and monitoring
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships
Binah taylor   women using force in intimate relationships

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Binah taylor women using force in intimate relationships

  • 1. Women Using Force in Intimate Relationships Binah Taylor, MA, MA, MFT Living without Violence Programme Oasis Conference: ‘Road to Recovery’ Brighton, 5th September 2013
  • 2. Definitions Domestic abuse is any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality Domestic violence is usually characterised by a pattern of coercive control Self-defence according to UK law allows individuals to use what is reasonable force and proportionate to imminent threat; there must also be no reasonable alternative
  • 3. Stats to Think About 1 in 3 women abused during lifetime/1 in 5 men 90% children living in a violent home witness abuse Up to 50% of children where there is DV are also directly abused Up to 75% of children subject to a child protection plan experience DV Up to 70% of police calls due to DV involve alcohol and/or drugs 2012 Crime Survey: 683K men experienced 1 or more incidents of partner abuse compared to 938K women Costs in Brighton and Hove – around £3 million each year
  • 4. Assessing Risk and Need Is she aggressor or victim or both? Is her violence reactive/self-defence? Is it bi-directional? (who starts, who ends, who is injured?) Patterns of control? Levels of fear? Sexual dynamics of relationship(s) Use of alcohol/substances History of abuse – aggressor/victim? Childhood abuse? Cultural factors
  • 5. Female Perpetrator Issues Pattern of coercion/control not just anger Likely to minimise violence, blame others May also be victim in the relationship – careful screening Generally diff power/control issues – gender difference (eg diff use of physical force, financial) Past abuse, both physical and sexual to be considered – lingering impact, PTSD Impact of substances – often high correlation for women who use violence Impact as primary carer Mental health needs
  • 6. Increased Risk Escalation of violence – more frequent, police call outs Increased use of alcohol and substances/misuse of medication Mental health needs increased Use of weapons – not just knives/guns! Separation High levels of jealousy – stalking/monitoring/tracking/texting/FB Child contact when separated
  • 7. Impact on Partner Physical injury Fear for self and children Feeling trapped Mental health - depression, anxiety Shame Unlikely to report - not being believed Minimise violence Homelessness
  • 8. At Risk Group All at risk at any given time Vulnerable groups: 16-24 – women’s aggression on the rise? excluded groups (BMER,LGBT,disabled) poverty - unemployed lone parents alcohol/substance misuse early childhood DV exposure
  • 9. Treatment Goals Reduction of violence and abuse Substance use managed Mental health needs assessed Safety planning/protective behaviours May need MARAC referral - DASH Increased parenting capacity Empathy building Assertiveness/self-esteem building Healthy calming strategies Group-work preferable or 1-1
  • 10. How to Do the Work Interventions (CBT, SF) to contain her use of force or violence having assessed the risks (levels of violence, with vulnerability) Even if violence is reactive/self-defence, not a safety strategy Accountability without shaming - respect Monitor child protection issues/positive mothering Integrated treatment planning - consider the role/impact of alcohol and substance misuse, mental health needs Counselling relationship supportive but not collusive/modelling healthy boundaries (confidentiality with transparency) Co-ordination and sequencing with other agencies – talk to one another! Unresolved abuse issues generally need longer term work
  • 11. Couple Work Couple work contra-indicated unless violence has stopped Alcohol/substance use contained Risks of undertaking the work need to be carefully assessed Individual support alongside violence Impact on family/children Safety planning and monitoring

Editor's Notes

  1. Walby + Allen - British Crime Survey self report study separation best escape but 37% violence increased, took another form, or commenced