The document discusses the impact of virtual environments and technology on the construction industry, specifically how tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and virtual simulations can reduce waste and improve efficiency. It emphasizes a shift in the 'risk = cost' equation, highlighting the advantages of reduced risks for contractors and owners, leading to lower overall costs. Additionally, it provides insights into the relationship between technology adoption among different stakeholders in construction and the resulting benefits in project delivery.

1. Virtual Environments Altering the “Cost = Risk” Equation Agenda Technology Introduction Relationship to Construction Technologies Waste Reduction The “Risk = Cost” Equation

2. 1. Technology Introduction Virtual Simulation/Pre-visualization Building Information Modeling (BIM) 3D Laser Survey Clash Detection

3. Virtual Environments Pre-visualization Simulation

6. Virtual Equipment Simulation

7. Design Visualization

8. Design Visualization

9. Building Information Modeling (BIM)

10. BIM is a Database

11. BIM is a 3D Database

13. A Federated Model

14. High Definition Scanning (3D Laser Scanning)

15. 3D Laser Survey Point Cloud 3D Solids Model

17. Clash Detection (Pre-coordination)

18. Clash Detection & Coordination Where is the coordination error? Structural Plan Mechanical Plan

20. 2. Relationship to Current Construction Technology 3D Shop Drawings Direct Fabrication Prefabrication

21. 3D Shop Drawings

22. Image courtesy of Marelich Mechanical

23. Image courtesy of Marelich Mechanical

24. Direct Fabrication

25. Images courtesy of Marelich Mechanical Direct Fabrication

26. Direct Fabrication

27. Direct Fabrication

28. Direct Fabrication

29. Prefabrication

30. Prefabrication

31. Prefabrication

32. Prefabrication

33. Prefabrication

34. HVAC Plumbing Structural Steel Precast Concrete Rebar Steel Stud Walls Curtain Walls, etc. Millwork Unit Restrooms Laboratories 3D Capable Trades

35. Relative Sophistication Disparity General Contractors (Very Low to Low) Engineers (Very Low to Moderate) Architects (Low to Moderate) Subcontractors (Varies, some extremely high) Maximize advantage of sophisticated players Enhance process for Subs already using 3D Mentor less advanced members Integrated Project Delivery

36. 3. Waste Reduction In Design In the Shop In the Field

37. Waste Reduction 40% of US solid waste stream is construction waste. 1 Image courtesy of Washington Times. 1. US Green Building Council

38. Waste Reduction

39. Waste Reduction in Design

40. Test Equipment Layout for Critical Spaces Surgery Suites Nurse Stations Test Sightlines Test Processes Test Aesthetics Reduced waste of User Changes after construction. Simulation & Virtual Prototyping

41. Reduced Document Coordination Effort No duplication of effort between A/E Real-time Project Metrics Time for Efficient Design & Systems Coordination Documentation Waste

42. Waste Reduction in the Shop

43. Images courtesy of Marelich Mechanical Efficiency Algorithms

44. No Part Duplication

45. Waste Reduction in the Field

46. Just-in-time Delivery

47. Image courtesy of Marelich Mechanical

49. Image courtesy of Marelich Mechanical

51. 4. “Risk = Cost” Equation Decrease in Contractor’s Risk Decrease in Owner’s Risk Increase in Architect’s Exposure Reduced Risk for All = Reduced Cost

52. Automatic Document Coordination 3D Systems Coordination Virtual Building Simulation Direct Fabrication Project Delivery Improvement

53. The Big BIM/IPD/Lean Idea

54. Reduced Coordination Errors Reduced Unknown Conditions More Efficient Workflow Cooperation & Collaboration Reduced Contingency  Increased Confidence &  Reduced Risk Decrease in Contractor’s Risk

55. Decrease in Owner’s Risk Reduced Bids Due To Reduced Contractor Risks Reduced Risk Of Change Orders From Unknown Conditions Coordination Changes Fighting Among AEC Entities Reduced User Changes Due To Better Pre-visualization And Planning  Reduced Risk

56. Unknown Consequences Of Sharing BIM Information Design Only Information In BIM Model Extensive Pre-coordination Fabrication From Design Models   Increased Exposure to Risk Increase in Architect’s Exposure

57. Reduced Risk for All = Reduced Cost Architect’s Exposure   However Architect’s Risk 

58. Recent Results

59. Recent Results RFI’s 53 Total 8 Due to AE Documentation Mistakes Cost Bid at $4.28 million ( 37% Under Budget ) Final Cost $4.72 million (10.32% Cost Increase) Primarily Added Scope from Owner Requests $62,000 Unexpected ( 1.3% add to bid price )

60. Questions? Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Eric Peabody & Andrew Kim