Berry aneurysm
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This document discusses berry aneurysms, which are thin-walled bulges that can form on arteries in the brain. Specifically: - Berry aneurysms are the most common type of intracranial aneurysm, forming at arterial branch points in the circle of Willis which supplies blood to the brain. - Risk factors for berry aneurysms include smoking, high blood pressure, age over 40, and genetic factors. Ruptured aneurysms have a high risk of death or permanent neurological deficits. - Symptoms of an unruptured aneurysm include vision changes and headaches, while a ruptured aneurysm causes a sudden and painful headache along with potential nausea, stiffness, and loss of consciousness.
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Infarction
This document provides information about myocardial infarction including:
- Myocardial infarction is caused by interruption of blood supply to the heart muscle, usually due to blockage of a coronary artery.
- Risk factors that can lead to coronary artery blockage include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking.
- A thrombus or embolism in a coronary artery cuts off the blood supply, causing cell death in the affected heart muscle area.
- The location and size of the infarction depends on which coronary artery is blocked. Transmural infarcts that penetrate the full heart wall thickness are more likely to cause complications than smaller subendocardial infarcts.
Brain aneurysm
Brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulging and protruding of one of the arteries inside the brain. Brain aneurysm mainly develops at the junctions of the large arteries present at the base of the brain, in a region called circle of wills. Brain aneurysm can be life threatening and one should seek immediate medical attention.
Some problem solving in neuro imaging updated Oct 2021
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Berry aneurysm
- 1. Berry Aneurysm Raju Raj Shakya PDCH, 20th Batch Roll No. : 27
- 3. • Aneurysma (greek for dilation) • An aneurysm is an outward bulging, like a bubble or an inflated balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. • Blood vessels dilates about one and a half times larger than the normal diameter of the blood vessel. • Commonly takes place in: aorta, femoral, iliac and cerebral arteries • Very rare in veins
- 5. Berry Aneurysm • A thin walled outpouching at arterial branch points along the Circle of Willis. • The Circle of Willis is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.
- 6. • Most common type of intracranial aneurysm. • Ruptured Berry aneurysm is the 4th most common cerebrovascular disorder. • The annual rate of rupture is approximately 8 – 10 per 100,000 people. • Ruptured brain aneurysms are fatal in about 40% of cases. • Of those who survive, about 66% suffer some permanent neurological deficit.
- 7. Morphology of berry aneurysm • It appears bright red, shiny surface and a thin translucent wall.
- 8. Sites of Berry aneurysm
- 9. Risk factors • Smoking • High blood pressure (hypertension) • Strong family history of brain aneurysms (familial aneurysms) • Age (over 40)
- 10. Risk factors contd. • Gender: women have an increased risk of aneurysms • Race: people of color have an increased risk of ruptured aneurysms • Other disorders: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Marfan syndrome, and fibromuscular dysplasia • Congenital abnormality in the artery • Drug use, particularly cocaine • Excessive alcohol use • Infection • Severe head trauma
- 11. Symptoms of unruptured Berry aneurysm • blurred or double vision, • a drooping eyelid, • a dilated pupil, • weakness and/or numbness, or pain above and behind the eye. • If you experience these symptoms seek prompt medical attention. Unruptured aneurysms rarely cause chronic headaches.
- 12. Rupture of Berry aneurysm • Probability of rupture increases with the size of the lesion; aneurysms greater than 10mm have high risk. • Rupture can occur at any time but is often after acute increase in intracranial pressure such as while straining stool or sexual orgasms.
- 13. Rupture of Berry aneurysm • Blood under arterial pressure is forced into subarachnoid space and patients are stricken with sudden and painful headache and rapidly lose unconsciousness.
- 15. Symptoms of ruptured Berry aneurysm • Nausea/vomiting • Stiff neck • Blurred or double vision • Sensitivity to light • Seizure • A drooping eyelid • A dilated pupil • Pain above and behind the eye • Loss of consciousness • Confusion • Weakness and/or numbness
- 16. Complications of ruptured Berry aneurysm • Subarachnoid hemorrhage • Death • Several neurologic deficits • Rebleeding leading to Hydrocephalous
- 18. Diagnosis • CT- Scan CTscan sho wing a ruptured Berry aneurysm.
- 22. Reference • https://bafound.org/about-brain-aneurysms/brain-aneurysm-ba • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v55qpYP_Uo • https://www.google.com • Cotran, Kumar, Collins. The central nervous system. In, Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th edition. Thomson press(I) Ltd. Noida, India.
- 24. Any queries??