How to implement smart agriculture in a sustainable way.
Demonstrating challenges with Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and 6G implementations in farming but also in forestry.
Tips: If the slideset is too "heavy", then start from slide 27. Don't miss risk management tips from slide 62!
The presentation is based on my work in a Smart Agriculture -project at Tampere University & my presentations to agriculture university audiences from India and Finland.
For further interaction, subscribe to this link. [https://tonyinweekly.stibee.com/]
How to make a executable and sustainable new year's resolution.
A brief scheme for bulletproof new year planning is presented. It involves some time and life management framework combined with how to handle randomness of life and get success.
It is a casual, 10 minutes reading and only provided in Korean for now. Enjoy and happy new year!
X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research into their
potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has focused primarily on
the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons within days or months of the initial
outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn
the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar
medium and observed months and/or years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to
large doses of ionizing radiation out to formidable distances. We assess the threat posed by these X-ray-luminous
SNe for Earth-like planetary atmospheres; our results are rooted in the X-ray SN observations from Chandra, Swift-
XRT, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence
of strong circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected and lethal consequences up to ∼50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray-bright SNe could pose a
substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres and tighten the Galactic habitable zone. We urge follow-up
X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after the explosion to shed light on the physical nature
and full-time evolution of the emission and to clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our galaxy and
other star-forming regions.
For further interaction, subscribe to this link. [https://tonyinweekly.stibee.com/]
How to make a executable and sustainable new year's resolution.
A brief scheme for bulletproof new year planning is presented. It involves some time and life management framework combined with how to handle randomness of life and get success.
It is a casual, 10 minutes reading and only provided in Korean for now. Enjoy and happy new year!
X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research into their
potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has focused primarily on
the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons within days or months of the initial
outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn
the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar
medium and observed months and/or years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to
large doses of ionizing radiation out to formidable distances. We assess the threat posed by these X-ray-luminous
SNe for Earth-like planetary atmospheres; our results are rooted in the X-ray SN observations from Chandra, Swift-
XRT, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence
of strong circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected and lethal consequences up to ∼50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray-bright SNe could pose a
substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres and tighten the Galactic habitable zone. We urge follow-up
X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after the explosion to shed light on the physical nature
and full-time evolution of the emission and to clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our galaxy and
other star-forming regions.
Do static magnetic or electric fields used for instance in medical imaging pose health risks?
Medical imaging devices (such as MRI scanners), trains, and television sets are examples of man-made equipment that can generate static magnetic or electric fields.
In some areas of research and medical imaging, stronger and stronger static magnetic fields are being used.
What is known so far about potential health consequences?
Multi dimensional simulations_of_the_expanding_supernova_remnant_of_sn1987_aSérgio Sacani
Artigo descreve as mais novas simulações computacionais realizadas para se poder entender o funcionamento e a origem da remanescente de supernova SN1987A.
Microwave radiation guidelines and debate during the last 50 yearsMikko Ahonen
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation guidelines. Debate between East and West on health effects. Science and politics. ICNIRP, FCC and IEEE. Radars, mobile phones, base stations and Wi-Fi. Relevant also to future technologies (like 5G).
X-Ray Luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research
into their potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has
focused primarily on the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons
within days or months of the initial outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands
of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in
certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar medium, and observed months and/or
years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to large doses of ionizing
radiation out to formidable distances. We provide an assessment of the threat posed by these X-ray
luminous SNe by analyzing the collective X-ray observations from Chandra, Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton,
NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence of strong
circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected, and lethal consequences up to ∼ 50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray bright
SNe could pose a substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres, and tighten the Galactic
habitable zone. We urge follow-up X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after
the explosion to shed light on the physical nature of the emission and its full time evolution, and to
clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our Galaxy and other star-forming regions.
Do static magnetic or electric fields used for instance in medical imaging pose health risks?
Medical imaging devices (such as MRI scanners), trains, and television sets are examples of man-made equipment that can generate static magnetic or electric fields.
In some areas of research and medical imaging, stronger and stronger static magnetic fields are being used.
What is known so far about potential health consequences?
Multi dimensional simulations_of_the_expanding_supernova_remnant_of_sn1987_aSérgio Sacani
Artigo descreve as mais novas simulações computacionais realizadas para se poder entender o funcionamento e a origem da remanescente de supernova SN1987A.
Microwave radiation guidelines and debate during the last 50 yearsMikko Ahonen
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation guidelines. Debate between East and West on health effects. Science and politics. ICNIRP, FCC and IEEE. Radars, mobile phones, base stations and Wi-Fi. Relevant also to future technologies (like 5G).
X-Ray Luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial BiospheresSérgio Sacani
The spectacular outbursts of energy associated with supernovae (SNe) have long motivated research
into their potentially hazardous effects on Earth and analogous environments. Much of this research has
focused primarily on the atmospheric damage associated with the prompt arrival of ionizing photons
within days or months of the initial outburst, and the high-energy cosmic rays that arrive thousands
of years after the explosion. In this study, we turn the focus to persistent X-ray emission, arising in
certain SNe that have interactions with a dense circumstellar medium, and observed months and/or
years after the initial outburst. The sustained high X-ray luminosity leads to large doses of ionizing
radiation out to formidable distances. We provide an assessment of the threat posed by these X-ray
luminous SNe by analyzing the collective X-ray observations from Chandra, Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton,
NuSTAR, and others. We find that this threat is particularly acute for SNe showing evidence of strong
circumstellar interaction, such as Type IIn explosions, which have significantly larger ranges of influence
than previously expected, and lethal consequences up to ∼ 50 pc away. Furthermore, X-ray bright
SNe could pose a substantial and distinct threat to terrestrial biospheres, and tighten the Galactic
habitable zone. We urge follow-up X-ray observations of interacting SNe for months and years after
the explosion to shed light on the physical nature of the emission and its full time evolution, and to
clarify the danger that these events pose for life in our Galaxy and other star-forming regions.
Etätyö ja etäopiskelu - Keskeytysten hallinta, ergonomia, säteilykuormitus ja...Mikko Ahonen
IT-työpisteen rakentaminen kotiin ja kotitoimistot - muutamia näkökulmia opiskelua ja työhyvinvointia varten. Tietokoneet, läppärit, tabletit ja kännykät. Ergonomiasta lähtien.
A presentation about Virtual Reality (VR) Gear, health risks and risk management. Related to educational technology in schools and children's special risks. In Finnish, some slides partly in English. Critical High School (Kriittinen korkeakoulu, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden seura) , 6th of October 2020, Helsinki, Finland.
Presentation about healthier buildings in Umeå, Sweden in February 2020. Focus on electromagnetic fields (EMF). Together with Funktionsrätt (handicap organisation). Participants: Umeå city and various local construction companies' representatives.
Om 5G-teknik i Umeå - Massive MIMO, Beamforming, MillimetervågorMikko Ahonen
Presentation at the University of Umeå. Umeå is a test city for 5G in Sweden. Therefore environmental and health risks related to 5G-technology are illustrated. In Swedish language, however many examples are in English.
Baserad på presentationer i finska skolor under 2015. Hur ska man använda mobiltelefoner, datorer och läsplattor på hälsosammare sätt. Diskussion först om beroende och sedan om radiofrekvent strålning (mobilstrålning).
Radiofrequency Radiation and Children’s Health – Sustainability Challenges fo...Mikko Ahonen
Presented in the 14 Scandinavian Workshop on E-Goverment. By post-doc researcher, PhD Mikko Ahonen and researcher, PhD student Tarmo Koppel.
Includes discussion about outdated RF Guidelines and risk-management from schools' perspective.
Opiskelijan oikeudet ja varovaisuusperiaate oppilaitosten mobiilioppimispilot...Mikko Ahonen
Human rights and precautionary principle - in connection to mobile learning. A presentation made at the Department of Education, University of Tampere, Finland / originally December 2nd 2014.
Esitys käsittelee lasten ja myös opiskelijoiden oikeuksia terveellisemmän oppimisympäristön osalta. Samoin tuodaan esille olematon riskienhallinta noissa mobiilioppimishankkeista, joita ministeri Krista Kiurun johdolla on Suomen kouluihin pakolla ajettu.
Mobiiliteknologioiden mahdolliset terveysriskit ja riskienhallinta - ITK 2014Mikko Ahonen
Case: Kiviojan koulu, Ylivieska. Opettaja (teacher) Timo Karjalainen ja tutkija (researcher), PhD Mikko Ahonen. Mobile technologies, health risks and risk management. Case: Kivioja school, Ylivieska, Finland.
Miksi lasten radiotaajuisen säteilyn kuormitusta kannattaa kouluissa pienentääMikko Ahonen
Mobiiliteknologiat ja terveysriskit kouluissa. Vinkkejä riskienhallintaan.
KEOS-opettajakoulutusseminaari, marraskuu 2013.
Mobile learning and health risk management. Recommendations for schools, students, parents and teachers.
Aluksi esittelen luonnon oman säteilyn sis. sähkömagneettiset kentät. Sen jälkeen pohdin, miten ihmisten kehittämät teknologiat voivat häiritä kasvien, hyönteisten ja eläinten toimintaa.
Voltage Transients and Health - Is There a Connection?Mikko Ahonen
Discussion about voltage transients and harmonic overwaves (aka "dirty electricity"). How 'smart grids" and "smart meters" could be made more healthier and sustainable. What 'Power Factor Correction' really means. Based on my research paper and presentation at The 4th International HYVITE Symposium on Wellbeing Technology, 9th June 2010 in Tampere, Finland.
Sources of Innovative Opportunity and Mass-Customization – An Analysis of ...Mikko Ahonen
A short 15-minutes presentation in the 5th World Conference on Mass Customization & Personalization MCPC2009 in Helsinki, Finland.
The actual research paper can be found at: http://beyondcreativity.blogs.com/mblog/2009/09/masscustomization-mcpc2009-emf-health-business-in-drucker-framework.html
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) - Case: Smart Agriculture and Risk Management
1. Beneficial and Harmful Effects
of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF)
Case: Smart Agriculture and Risk Management
PhD Mikko Ahonen
2. PhD Mikko Ahonen:
Hardell, L., Koppel, T., Carlberg, M.,
Ahonen, M., & Hedendahl, L. (2016).
Radiofrequency radiation at Stockholm
Central Railway Station in Sweden and
some medical aspects on public exposure
to RF fields. International Journal of
Oncology, 49(4), 1315–1324.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27633090
- Has worked as a researcher 30 years (University of Tampere,
Finland & Mid Sweden University, Sweden).
- In (Smart) Agriculture projects in 1990s & 2022-2023
- Bioelectromagnetics research 2008-2023,
in professor, MD Lennart Hardell’s research group.
- Responsible for measurements and dosimetry
- Example of research :
3. Table of Contents – Part 1
Introduction: Natural non-ionizing radiation and
it’s effect on plants, insects and animals
Solar storms and earth’s magnetic field
Applying electricity to plants and effects on growth
Researchers of plant physiology
(Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose & Co )
5. Table of Contents – Part 2
Base Stations & routers and their pulsed microwave
radiation effects on plants, insects and animals
Sustainability challenges of 5G/6G
Sensors and antennas, IoT (including Bluetooth & Wi-Fi)
and their effects on stress of animals and plants
Risk management practices for Smart Agriculture.
8. Earth’s magnetic field
– An introduction:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgtIdttfGVw
Picture: From Youtube video of ‘Professor Dave explains’ -series
Sun wind has shaped
earth’s magnetosphere,
magnetic field lines ...
and life on earth.
Picture: NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/earths-magnetosphere-3/
9. Geomagnetic disturbances
(caused by sun storms)
Birds have navigation faults (Beason & Nichols,1984)
Effect on bacteria, viruses and mold (Blakemore, 1975)
Heart- and blood pressure problems (Belov et al. (1998), Chernouss et al.
(2001), Dimitrova et al. (2004), Otto et al. (1982). [esp. humans]
Effect on functioning and mental health (Becker et al. (1961), Friedman et al.
(1963), Dimitrova et al. (2002), Kay (1994), Krivelyova and Robotti (2003),
Persinger (1987), Raps (1999), Srivastava et al. (1980), Gordon & Berk (2003).
[esp. human]
Causes: Sun flares Changed DC magnetic field on earth + increased
radiofrequency radiation + changed air ionization.
10. Sun Storms can be followed
(in advance)
PhD Mikko Ahonen
https://auroraforecast.is/kp-index/
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index
11. Earth magnetic field (MF)
in Nordic countries
~50 µT DC (Direct Current)
- Picture: Anomaly area (even +1064 nT) in Alnö, Sweden
- Airplane measurements, DC Magnetic field:
https://apps.sgu.se/kartvisare/kartvisare-magnetfalt.html , https://hakku.gtk.fi
12. Migrating birds: Disturbances in magnetic
field suspected when birds go astray
Picture: PhysOrg,
https://phys.org/news/2023-01-migrating-birds-disturbances-magnetic-field.html
13. Have you tested with a compass?
(magnetised springs in a bed, DC MF-anomaly)
Recommendations (for humans): https://www.baubiologie.de/downloads/richtwerte-schlafbereiche-15.pdf
14. Schumann Resonance – Prof. W. O. Schumann
Global natural electromagnetic resonance that connects the Earth's surface
and the ionosphere
7.83 Hz , 14.3 Hz, 20.8 Hz, 27.3 Hz
Dominant frequency
7,83 Hz
Very weak level: 1-10 nT, 0,3 µW/m²
Overview: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002191699400075Y
http://www.scribd.com/doc/228596266
http://magbase.rssi.ru/REFMAN/SPPHTEXT/schumann.html
15. A documentary about Schumann Resonance
Resonance – Beings of Frequency
https://youtu.be/rJUfFQWRIso?t=129
Natural radiofrequency radiation – Schumann Resonance – 7.83 Hz –
EEG-synch- required by human beings – < 0,3 µW/m² (a very tiny RF level)
P.S. Not the whole film is excellent, but the Schumann resonance part is informative.
16. What happens when
natural EMFs are removed?
Research done in the Max Planck Institute in the 1960’s
In a bunker (Faraday cage) both humans and animals observed.
Lighting changes did not much affect circadian rhythm. BUT when natural
EMFs (including Schumann resonance) were removed, the rhythm
changed to 33 hour. Caused several stress-related symptoms.
Source: Wever (1969), Dowse and Palmer (1969), Tatsis et al. (2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896972102742X
17. By producing an artificial Schumann resonance in the bunker
(~10 Hz frequency, 8,3 µW/m² power density * ), the 24
hour rhythm returned.
(Natural) EMFs have a Zeitgeberfunktion / effect on Circadian
Rhythm
* Comment: 8,3 µW/m² is about 1/1.000.000-part of official ICNIRP guideline for EMFs.
Source: Wever (1969), Dowse and Palmer (1969)
18. - A Schumann-generator needed, designed for
space travel
- For health reasons (to synchronise brain, EEG
for circadian rhythm)
- Both for the Sojuz & Apollo -programs
- Professor Yuri Grigoriev, RNCNIRP
EEG
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=20022
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1015637127504
19. Brain waves and Schumann Resonance?
13 Hz to 40 Hz
8 Hz to 13 Hz
4 Hz to 8 Hz
0 Hz to 4 Hz
Connection: Persinger, M. A., & Saroka, K. S. (2015). Human Quantitative
Electroencephalographic and Schumann Resonance Exhibit Real-Time Coherence of
Spectral Power Densities: Implications for Interactive Information Processing.
Journal of Signal and Information Processing, 06(02), Article 02.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2015.62015
20. Effects of Moon on plants – theories:
- Gravitational force
- Light from the full moon
- At full moon earth’s magnetotail is changed
Electric field on earth is changed
Bevington, M. (2015). Lunar biological effects and the magnetosphere. Pathophysiology, 22(4), 211–
222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.08.005
21. Mikko Ahonen – Online Educa Berlin 2008
Effect of moon to plants
- Semmens (1923 & 1947): Germination of the seeds
of mustard (Sinapis spp.) strongly accelerated by the effect of
moonlight.
- Kolisko (studies between 1927-1935), demonstrated the
variations in growth of plants according to the lunar synodic
rhythm. The seeds of lettuce, white cabbage, tomato etc. sown 2
days before the full moon showed better germination and
stronger growth.
- Spiess (1994) using trials lasting even 6 years, provides
statistical confirmation of lunar
variations in the case of cultivated annuals, winter rye,
radish, carrot, potato, bean, and mustard.
22. Moon calendar for farming and gardening:
https://www.rhythmofnature.net/gardener-calendar
Heavy debate, whether moon has effect on plants, continues:
Mayoral, O., Solbes, J., Cantó, J., & Pina, T. (2020).
What Has Been Thought and Taught on the Lunar Influence on Plants in Agriculture?
Perspective from Physics and Biology. Agronomy, 10(7), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070955
Versus
Sivasankari J. & Thimmaiah, A. (2021). Lunar rhythms in agriculture - review on scientific perspectives.
Int J Complement Alt Med. 14(2):81‒85. https://medcraveonline.com/IJCAM/IJCAM-14-00536.pdf
23. Sferics, cold and warm -front,
Föhn-wind, in kHz-range
Before the front: 0,27 µW/m² ,
During Sferics: 27 µW/m²
(causes headache, tiredness, depression for some people,
also pain in amputated limbs)
(Lotmar et al., 1969; Reiter, 1960; König, 1974)
24. Typical frequencies
- During Atmospherics (Sferics)
Picture: Schippke (2001)
Simulated Sferics in a laboratory: Decrease in EEG alpha power
Schienle et al. (1998) http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_12_3_schienle.pdf
Several kHz
25.
26. PhD Mikko Ahonen
Famous researcher and inventor from Calcutta, India.
Also radio-inventor, before Marconi.
Worked with plants and electricity.
His findings: Electricity stimulated growth
of certain plants. Was first to measure also
EMFs f-r-o-m plants and demonstrated
the nervous system of plants.
- J.C. Bose. The Nervous Mechanism of Plants. (1926). Nature, 118(2975), 654–655. https://doi.org/10.1038/118654a0
- J.C. Bose, "On the determination of the wavelength of electric radiation by a diffraction grating,"
Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 60, pp.167-178, 1897. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspl.1896.0031
- Meher, W. (2010). The Scientific Sufi —The Life and Times of Jagadish Chandra Bose. Penguin Random House India.
https://www.penguin.co.in/book/the-scientific-sufi/
28. - Blackman (1923): 100 picoampere currents, just 1 hour/day,
maximised growth of barley, while chronic exposure was detrimental.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.1923.0034
- Lemström (1904); electricity stimulated growth of wheat, rye, barley
- while stunted growth of peas and carrots.
- Bose (1915 ); In plants one microampere, and in animals a third of
a microampere, was enough to slow or speed up nerve
impulses by about 20 percent. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1915.0010
PhD Mikko Ahonen
31. Agriculture 4.0 – EMF-Interest here on:
Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (Drones) and Robotics
Picture source and a view on Agriculture 4.0:
Mitra, A., Vangipuram, S. L. T., Bapatla, A. K., Bathalapalli, V. K. V. V., Mohanty, S. P., Kougianos, E.,
& Ray, C. (2022). Everything You wanted to Know about Smart Agriculture (arXiv:2201.04754).
arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.04754
32. Sustainable development
-definition
“Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”
(United Nations General Assembly, 1987, p. 43).
PhD Mikko Ahonen
34. Pulsed RF radiation – effect on bees?
Harst, Kuhn & Stever (2006)
More studies: http://www.livingplanet.be/emranimals.htm
A DECT -base station next to the hive caused disorientation in bees.
And large amount of colonies could not return to the hive.
35. More about bees and pulsed RF radiation
Favre (2011) RF exposure from mobile
technologies change worker bees’ piping signal
(changes communication among bees).
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s1359
2-011-0016-x
Lopatina et al. (2019) Wi-Fi had effect on food
search and bees’ short term memory
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0013
873819010032
Odemer & Odemer (2019) RF radiation altering
pupal development in bee hives
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.154
),
Video: CNN,
Colony Collapse Disorder (2010)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XPKt6DExKQ
36. Considerations: IoT and transmitters in
Cow collars & body
Balmori, A. (2024). Radio-tracking systems emit pulsed waves
that could affect the health and alter the orientation of animals.
Journal for Nature Conservation, 77. January 2024. Early online,
126520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126520
Note: Radio-tracking systems use higher power, but still the study
is worth reading because of animal-attached transmitters.
About RFID, embedded chips and animal harm :
Albrecht, K. (2010). Microchip-induced tumors in laboratory rodents and dogs: A review
of the literature 1990–2006. 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and
Society, 337–349. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2010.5514622
37. Trees and
pulsed radiofrequency (RF) radiation
Historical German document,
Waldschäden:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/60849109/
Trees and plants act as optimal antennas:
http://livingplanet.be/emrplants.htm
Picture: Trees’ leaves, which are
not in the shadow/cover of the building ,
are damaged.
While branches and leaves which are
in the cover are not damaged.
Waldmann-Selsam, C., Balmori-de la Puente, A., Breunig, H., & Balmori, A. (2016).
Radiofrequency radiation injures trees around mobile phone base stations. The
Science of the Total Environment, 572, 554–569.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.045
38. Wi-Fi router effects on plants
Havas, M., & Symington, M. S. (2016). Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on
Germination and Growth of Broccoli, Pea, Red Clover and Garden Cress
Seedlings: A Partial Replication Study. Current Chemical Biology, 10(1), 65–
73.
More on plants’ stress response and Wi-Fi:
https://www.emf-portal.org/en/search/results?query=wi-fi+AND+plant&languageIds%5B%5D=en
39. Microwaving water and watering plants with it
Detrimental effect on growth?
Alattar, E. M., Elwasife, K. Y., Radwan, E. S., & Alagha, A. M. (2018). EFFECT OF MICROWAVE TREATED WATER ON
THE GROWTH OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) AND PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) SEEDLINGS. ROMANIAN J. BIOPHYS,
Vol. 28, Issue. 3(Vol. 28, Issue. 3). https://iugspace.iugaza.edu.ps/handle/20.500.12358/26229
40. The WHO/International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) has classified radiofrequency (RF)
electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic
humans (Group 2B), based on an increased risk
glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer,
associated with wireless phone use.
IARC/WHO risk classification, 2011:
http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf
(Classification covers all RF-transmittters. Combined effect? Dose-response?)
41. Instituto Ramazzini – World biggest RF-animal study – Heart
tumors – Max 50 V/m - Only 1 antenna !
U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) study
Classification: Clear evidence of heart tumors (2018).
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/releases/2018/november1/index.cfm
https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22343
Falcioni et al. 2018:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530389
Picture: IEEE
42. Epidemiological studies of humans
Radio and TV-transmitters:
Effect: Dolk et al. (1997a), Hocking & Gordon (2003),
Ha et al. (2007), Mascarinec et al. (1994, Michelozzi et al. (2002),
Morton & Phillips (1983), Park et al. (2004)
[Mostly increased leukemias and lymphomas]
No effect: Dolk et al. (1997b), Mersenich et al. (2008)
Mobile Phone Base Stations:
Effect: Abdel-Rassoul et al. (2007),
Eger et al. (2004), Hutter et al. (2006),
Navarro et al. (2003), Santini et al. (2003),
Wolf & Wolf (2004), Blettner et al. (2008), Dode et al. (2011),
Rodrigues et al. (2021)
[great variety: from headaches to breast cancer]
No effect: Meyer et al. (2006), Berg-Beckhoff et al. (2009)
Our review of base stations: Khurana et al. (2010)
+ own interest: http://www.chronicexposure.org
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662418
43. Reviews: Effect on bees, birds and plants
- Radiofrequency (RF) radiation
Already 4 reviews indicate harmful effects:
Cucurachi et al. (2013)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261519
Balmori (2009)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264463
Sivani & Sudarsanam (2012)
http://www.biolmedonline.com/Articles/Vol4_4_2012/V
ol4_4_202-216_BM-8.pdf
Levitt, Lai & Manville (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0026
(Note: Several fertility-related findings)
Picture & Report from India:
https://tinyurl.com/MoEFGovIndia
44. 1/1000-part of ICNIRP guidelines
causes disorientation for birds (Engels et al., 2014)
A real problem close to base stations and radars ?
Engels, S., Schneider, N.-L., Lefeldt, N., Hein, C. M., Zapka, M., Michalik, A., … Mouritsen, H. (2014).
Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Nature, 509(7500), 353–356.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v509/n7500/full/nature13290.html
Wiltschko et al. (2015): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540238 , Kavokin et al. (2014): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942848
Picture: Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise in the huts before (red) and after (blue) installation of shielding
Shielding corrected the magnetic compass functioning of birds.
45. Our research showed very high RF-levels in a big city
Koppel, T., Ahonen, M., Carlberg, M., & Hardell, L. (2022). Very high radiofrequency radiation at
Skeppsbron in Stockholm, Sweden from mobile phone base station antennas positioned close to
pedestrians’ heads. Environmental Research, 208, 112627.
Insects missing in some cities, RF radiation one possible reason?
46. Perhaps unsustainable 5G/6G
projects/activities?
5G Smart Farming Tour ,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOipZehNkJA
Farming Paradise, https://farmingparadise.com/5g-future-
farming
EU-funded Hexa-X is a broad collaborative initiative to
frame the 6G research agenda + digital twin, https://hexa-
x.eu
Comment: Strange sustainability views for Internet-of-Agro-
Things or for Agriculture 4.0 !
PhD Mikko Ahonen
47. “Development”
From 4G (LTE) to real 5G
Soure: xgpforum.com
Comment: A mobile phone base station used to have (even in 4G) only some antennas.
48. Massive MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
There can be hundreds of antennas
in a 5G/6G MMW basestation!
"Our simulation results suggest the
downlink of a Fifth Generation Cellular
Mobile Communications (5G) system can
generate significantly higher power
density (PD) and specific absorption rate
(SAR) than the previous generations of
wireless systems."
Nasim, I., & Kim, S. (2019). Mitigation of human EMF
exposure in downlink of 5G. Annals of Telecommunications,
74(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-018-0696-6
Bild: Törnevik, ITU 2017
49. A huge amount of antennas makes it (almost) impossible
to drive 5G MMW in countries with healthier guidelines.
Safety zone 115 meters!
Safety area 115 meters around antennas !!
Source: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-
Seminars/20171205/Documents/S3_Christer_Tornevik.pdf
50. When there is a plan to use 5G/6G MMW-implementations:
Good to know: Millimeter waves (MMW) have an effect on
bacteria they become more sensitive to biologically active
chemicals, but also to antibiotics.
Additionally, MMWs have an effect on cell membrane structure,
permeability and functionality.
Soghomonyan, D., Trchounian, K., & Trchounian, A. (2016). Millimeter waves or
extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields in the environment: what are their
effects on bacteria? Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(11), s. 4761–4771.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7538-0
Belyaev, I. Y., Shcheglov, V. S., Alipov, E. D., & Ushakov, V. D. (2000). Nonthermal effects of
extremely high-frequency microwaves on chromatin conformation in cells in vivo-dependence on
physical, physiological, and genetic factors. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, 48(11), 2172–2179. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.884211
+ our contribution:
Ahonen, M., Lehto, T. & Koppel, T. (2019). Radiotaajuisen säteilyn vaikutus hiivasienten, homeiden ja
mikrobien kasvuun (The effect of radiofrequency radiation on the growth of yeast, mold and microbes).
Sisäilmastoseminaari 2019 (Indoor Air 2019 Conference), SIY Raportti (Report) 37, p. 375-380
51. " … above 6 GHz would
lead to an increase in
absorbed power
between 3–370%.
....This could lead to
changes in insect
behaviour, physiology,
and morphology."
Biggest absorption
in bees at 24 GHz
(5G MMW in 26 GHz)
Picture: Thielens et al. (2018). Exposure of Insects to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2 to 120 GHz.
Scientific Reports, 8(1), 3924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22271-3
52. Beamforming – many antennas directed to the same spot
"However, since the radiation is concentrated into selected portions of
territory, there may be an increase of EMFs in these points".
Chiaraviglio, L., Cacciapuoti, A. S., Martino, G. D., Fiore, M., Montesano,
M., Trucchi, D., & Melazzi, N. B. (2018). Planning 5G Networks Under EMF
Constraints: State of the Art and Vision. IEEE Access, 6, 51021–51037.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2868347
53. Thermal-based acute (6 minutes) ICNIRP-guideline
vs.
Biological, non-thermal 24/7 guidelines/recommendations
Please, note: ICNIRP-level is 100-1.000.000 times higher! : http://www.icnirp.de
EMF Scientist Appeal. 200 researchers contact in 2015 the UN and require lower levels:
http://www.emfscientist.org
European Academy of Environmental Medicine (EUROPAEM) & RF radiation:
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011
RF Radiation
power density
levels
54. With Beamforming and Massive MIMO
RF-exposure can be detrimental at current
(ICNIRP) guidelines
Neufeld, E., & Kuster, N. (2018). Systematic Derivation of Safety Limits
for Time-varying 5g Radiofrequency Exposure Based on
Analytical Models and Thermal Dose.
Health Physics, 115(6), 705–711. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247338
“The results also show that the peak-to-average ratio of 1,000
tolerated by the ICNIRP guidelines may lead to permanent tissue damage
after even short exposures, highlighting the importance of revisiting existing
exposure guidelines.”
55. More research funding needed to study
hormon profiles and genetic damage close to
base stations
Gandhi, G., Kaur, G., & Nisar, U. (2014).
A cross-sectional case control study on genetic damage in individuals
residing in the vicinity of a mobile phone base station.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2014.933349
Zothansiama et al. (2017). Impact of radiofrequency radiation on DNA damage
and antioxidants in peripheral blood lymphocytes of humans residing in the
vicinity of mobile phone base stations.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 36(3), 295–305.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2017.1350584
Eskander, E. F., Estefan, S. F., & Abd-Rabou, A. A. (2012).
How does long term exposure to base stations and mobile phones
affect human hormone profiles?
Clinical Biochemistry, 45(1–2), 157–161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.11.006
56. Biological effects -> “right” combination of Power,
Frequency & Modulation
Oxidative stress and radiofrequency radiation
Picture: PhD Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen (thanks)
Yakymenko, I., Tsybulin, O., Sidorik, E., Henshel,
D., Kyrylenko, O., & Kyrylenko, S. (2016). Oxidative
mechanisms of biological activity of low-
intensity radiofrequency radiation.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 35(2), 186–
202.
https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2015.1043557
56
Power
Frequency
Modulation
57. Mikko Ahonen – Online Educa Berlin 2008
https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/French-court-orders-4G-antenna-switch-off-over-cow-health-concerns
Earlier research:
Cow cataracts caused by
RF-transmitters:
Löscher and Käs (1998)
Wenzel et al. (2002)
Löscher (2003)
Hassig et al. (2009)
http://emf-portal.org
GSM
58. Quickest way to test damages? Expose banana
flies with pulsed(!) microwaves under their
developmental phases:
Egg Larva Pupa Fly
Margaritis et al. (2014). Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources.
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 33(3), 165–189. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2013.800102
+ Check also: Odemer, R., & Odemer, F. (2019). Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation
(RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success. The Science of the Total
Environment, 661, 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.154
59. Damages in flies from 0,3 V/m from 238 µW/m2
(Very low RF levels! With Bluetooth. New focus on IoT?)
Margaritis et al. (2014). Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker
responding to EMF sources. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine,
33(3), 165–189. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2013.800102
60. The 5G Appeal – 200 researchers warn:
“We the undersigned, …, recommend a moratorium on the roll-out of the
fifth generation, 5G, for telecommunication until potential hazards for
human health and the environment have been fully investigated by
scientists independent from industry.
5G will substantially increase exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic
fields (RF-EMF) on top of the 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, etc. for telecommunications
already in place. RF-EMF has been proven to be harmful for humans and the
environment. “
http://www.5gappeal.eu
61. ICNIRP
International Commission
on Non-Ionizing
Radiation ‘Protection’
(a German foundation, http://www.icnirp.de)
Behind macro-level heating (only!)
focused guidelines
Honorary chair & founder:
Michael Repacholi
Makes reviews for: FCC, SSM Sweden etc.
Have had members in
EU SCHEER (SCENIHR) + COST 281
International EMF Project in WHO
Earlier chief: Michael Repacholi
Currently chief: Emilie Deventer
- Early funding from mobile industry *
- Utilised Industry-damage-control
partner Gradient Corp for
health reviews **
Uses ICNIRP as
the only (!)
“in-house expert”
Provides a review
of guidelines
“environmental
health criteria
(EHC)”
New nature-focused RF-guidelines urgently needed,
from r-e-a-l-l-y independent people and organisations
https://microwavenews.com/docs/MWN.11(9)-06.pdf
http://www.emfcall.org
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5504984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1849947/
https://tinyurl.com/drop-ab
http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3148
http://estsjournal.org/article/view/41/33
http://www.emfscientist.org
62. Risk-management tips 1/5:
Antenna/sensor design
Use directional, narrow-beam antennas, instead of omni-
directional (when antenna is close to animal or plant). This
minimises the exposure of the animal.
If needed, use RF shielding materials towards the animal.
Focus on power management of the antenna and sensor.
Verify that antenna is not transmitting in power-save –
mode.
PhD Mikko Ahonen
63. Risk-management tips 2/5:
RF Power level
When adjusting power of antennas, consider biologically meaningful
levels (<100 µW/m2 (peak)) or less while exposing plants/animals 24/7)
Example: EUROPAEM (2016) levels.
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011
64. Risk-management tips 3/5:
Drones
With drones, minimise exposure time. Run drones as much
as possible based on GPS-coordinates, without additional
mobile data connections. Avoid swarms. This way drone-
based RF-emissions can be minimised.
If low-latency, high speed millimeter wave (MMW) networks
are needed for drones, then activate such a
network/antenna system only for a small period of time
with low power level and then shut it down. (for
explanation, check MMW slides)
PhD Mikko Ahonen
This Photo by Unknown
Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA-NC
65. Risk-management tips 4/5:
Digital Twin
Digital Twin implementations with 5G/6G can be
especially harmful for bees and cows.
Consider NB-IoT Technology
(https://www.narrowband.com/what-is-narrowband-iot ) or
similar instead of very polluting Autonomous Digital Twin
technologies.
Implement autonomous tractor and other vehicle
activities
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032121000964) in a
narrow area and if possible use minimally
pulsed/modulated technology.
PhD Mikko Ahonen
Imge: ai4agri.nl
66. Risk-management tips 5/5:
Limiting legal responsibility
Since there are already several court cases pending and for
example the FCC is requested to provide healthier
guidelines: https://ehtrust.org/in-historic-decision-federal-court-finds-fcc-failed-to-
explain-why-it-ignored-scientific-evidence-showing-harm-from-wireless-radiation/
Worth checking : Pearce, J. M. (2020). Limiting liability with
positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular
phone towers. Environmental Research, 181, 108845.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845
Operators and other companies/organisations can
effectively limit their liability by minimising RF exposure,
also in smart agriculture projects.
PhD Mikko Ahonen
67. PhD Mikko Ahonen
E-mail: mikko.ahonen [ät] tutanota.com
Telephone/SMS/Signal/Telegram:
+358-45-146 5345
Info & publications:
http://www.mikkoahonen.com
Questions and comments welcome!
P.S. With this slideset and with my presentations to agriculture university
audiences from India and Finland I express my gratitude to
Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose’s lifetime work and his inspiration.