This document provides information on inspecting and using various types of rigging equipment such as alloy chain slings, synthetic web slings, and polyester round slings. It discusses the four basic types of slings, inspection requirements, and how to inspect each type of sling. Specific guidance is given for alloy chain sling inspection criteria and limits, synthetic web sling use and inspection, and safe operation practices for polyester round slings such as load balancing and preventing cutting or abrasion. The document emphasizes the importance of inspection before each use and following manufacturers requirements for safe working loads based on sling type and configuration.

1. Rigging InspectionRigging Inspection
Safety TrainingSafety Training

2. 4 Basic Types of Slings4 Basic Types of Slings
 Alloy Chain SlingsAlloy Chain Slings
 Synthetic SlingsSynthetic Slings
 Wire Rope SlingsWire Rope Slings
 Metal Mesh SlingsMetal Mesh Slings

4. Inspections On All Types Of SlingsInspections On All Types Of Slings
 Operator InspectionOperator Inspection
 Inspect each time before use, no records requiredInspect each time before use, no records required
 Technical InspectionTechnical Inspection
 At a minimum once every 12 monthsAt a minimum once every 12 months
 Records requiredRecords required

1910.184(e)(3)(ii)1910.184(e)(3)(ii) The employer shall make andThe employer shall make and
maintain a record of the most recent month in whichmaintain a record of the most recent month in which
each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected,each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected,
and shall make such record available for examination.and shall make such record available for examination.

5. Alloy Chain SlingsAlloy Chain Slings

6. Alloy Chain Sling InspectionAlloy Chain Sling Inspection
 Each Time Before UseEach Time Before Use
 Tag Must Be PresentTag Must Be Present
 Tag Must Be LegibleTag Must Be Legible
 Hooks, No Throat SpreadHooks, No Throat Spread
 No Distorted or Bent Links, Link WearNo Distorted or Bent Links, Link Wear
 No Distorted or Bent CouplersNo Distorted or Bent Couplers
 Not “Stretched”Not “Stretched”

7. 1910.184 (B)1910.184 (B)
 Sling identification.Sling identification.
 Alloy-steel chain slings shall haveAlloy-steel chain slings shall have
permanently affixed durable identificationpermanently affixed durable identification
stating size, grade, rated capacity andstating size, grade, rated capacity and
reachreach
 Use Chart for checking capacity of slingUse Chart for checking capacity of sling
and sling angle ..and sling angle ..

8. Load Capacity ChartLoad Capacity Chart

9. D RING / HAMMER LOCKD RING / HAMMER LOCK

10. SLING REACHSLING REACH

11. Chain SlingsChain Slings

12. Rigging Protection FromRigging Protection From
Cutting or SlippingCutting or Slipping
Softeners, padding or use of blocking..

13. 1910.184 (e)(7)(i)1910.184 (e)(7)(i)
 1910.184(e)(7)(i)1910.184(e)(7)(i)
 Worn or damaged alloy steel chain slingsWorn or damaged alloy steel chain slings
or attachments shall not be used untilor attachments shall not be used until
repaired. When welding or heat testing isrepaired. When welding or heat testing is
performed, slings shall not be used unlessperformed, slings shall not be used unless
repaired, reconditioned and proof testedrepaired, reconditioned and proof tested
by the sling manufacturer or an equivalentby the sling manufacturer or an equivalent
entity.entity.

14. HOIST CHAIN IS GRADE 8 / CASE HARDEN
Sling Chain is Grade 80 Will Stretch
.

15. SLING LATCH’SSLING LATCH’S
 PER B30.10c Chapter 10-1 HooksPER B30.10c Chapter 10-1 Hooks
 10-1.2.1.2 (4) Inspection10-1.2.1.2 (4) Inspection

Latch engagement, damaged or malfunctioning latch (Latch engagement, damaged or malfunctioning latch (ifif
providedprovided))

16. Care, use and InspectionCare, use and Inspection
The life and strength of any Sling chains slings depends on proper inspection,The life and strength of any Sling chains slings depends on proper inspection,
maintenance and use.maintenance and use.
For additional information, refer to ANSI B30.9 and OSHA 1910.184For additional information, refer to ANSI B30.9 and OSHA 1910.184..
 UseUse
 To protect both operator and materials, observe these precautionsTo protect both operator and materials, observe these precautions
when using chain slings:when using chain slings:
 Before use, inspect chain and attachmentsBefore use, inspect chain and attachments
 Do not exceed working load limit. Any of the factors listed here canDo not exceed working load limit. Any of the factors listed here can
reduce the load the chain will hold:reduce the load the chain will hold:
 Acceleration in rate of load application can produce dangerousAcceleration in rate of load application can produce dangerous
overloading.overloading.
 Variation in the angle of the load to the sling - as the angleVariation in the angle of the load to the sling - as the angle
decreases, the working load of the sling will increase.decreases, the working load of the sling will increase.

17.  Free chain of all twists, knots and kinks.Free chain of all twists, knots and kinks.
 Center load in hooks; hook latches must notCenter load in hooks; hook latches must not
support load.support load.
 Avoid sudden jerks when lifting and lowering.Avoid sudden jerks when lifting and lowering.
 Balance all loads; avoid tipping of loads.Balance all loads; avoid tipping of loads.
 Use pads around sharp corners.Use pads around sharp corners.
 Do not drop load on chains.Do not drop load on chains.
 Match the size and working load limit ofMatch the size and working load limit of
attachments such as hooks or rings to theattachments such as hooks or rings to the
size and working load limit of the chain.size and working load limit of the chain.
 For overhead lifting, use only alloy chain andFor overhead lifting, use only alloy chain and
attachments (grade 80,100,120).attachments (grade 80,100,120).

18. INSPECTIONINSPECTION

Inspect each link for these conditionsInspect each link for these conditions
 Nicks or gouges.Nicks or gouges.
 Excessive wear at bearing points.Excessive wear at bearing points.
 Stretch. Cuts, burns, heat damage,Stretch. Cuts, burns, heat damage,
 Bends or distortions in hooksBends or distortions in hooks
 Rust or corrosionRust or corrosion
 Uneven lengths when legs are hanging freeUneven lengths when legs are hanging free

19. Inspection of chainInspection of chain
 Do not weld or perform local repairs onDo not weld or perform local repairs on
chain slingschain slings
 Do not use homemade links, makeshiftDo not use homemade links, makeshift
fasteners formed from bolts, rods, or otherfasteners formed from bolts, rods, or other
non standard attachmentsnon standard attachments
 Do not use field fabricated hooks on slingDo not use field fabricated hooks on sling
chainschains
 Hook the ends of all empty chains on theHook the ends of all empty chains on the
hoist hook or bull ringhoist hook or bull ring

20. SLING WEARSLING WEAR
MMMM InchesInches Maximum allowable wear (inches)Maximum allowable wear (inches)
Minimum thick-ness allowable atMinimum thick-ness allowable at
(inches) link ends (inches)*(inches) link ends (inches)*
5.55.5 7/327/32 -- 11/64 (.171)11/64 (.171)
7.07.0 9/329/32 3/64 (.046)3/64 (.046) 13/64 (.203)13/64 (.203)
10.010.0 3/83/8 5/64 (.078)5/64 (.078) 18/64 (.28118/64 (.281
13.013.0 1/21/2 7/64 (.109)7/64 (.109) 22/64 (.343)22/64 (.343)
16.016.0 5/85/8 9/64 (.140)9/64 (.140) 27/64 (.421)27/64 (.421)
20.020.0 9/649/64 10/64 (.156)10/64 (.156) 34/64 (.531)34/64 (.531)
22.022.0 3/43/4 11/64 (.171)11/64 (.171) 40/64 (.625)40/64 (.625)
26.026.0 7/87/8 12/64 (.187)12/64 (.187) 47/64 (.734)47/64 (.734)
32.032.0 11 16/64 (.250)16/64 (.250) 58/64 (.906)58/64 (.906)

21. Inspection required one time a yearInspection required one time a year
 InspectionsInspections
 1910.184(e)(3)(i)1910.184(e)(3)(i)
 In addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d) ofIn addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d) of
this section, a through periodic inspection of alloy steelthis section, a through periodic inspection of alloy steel
chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, tochain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to
be determined on the basis of (A) frequency of sling use;be determined on the basis of (A) frequency of sling use;
(B) severity of service conditions; (C) nature of lifts being(B) severity of service conditions; (C) nature of lifts being
made; and (D) experience gained on the service life ofmade; and (D) experience gained on the service life of
slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspectionsslings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections
shall in no event be at intervals greater than once everyshall in no event be at intervals greater than once every
12 months.12 months.

22. Comparisons of ChainComparisons of Chain
 Grade 40 Steel Transport ChainGrade 40 Steel Transport Chain
 1/2” Links1/2” Links
 9200# Capacity Horizontal9200# Capacity Horizontal
 Grade 80 Alloy Steel ChainGrade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
 1/2“ Links1/2“ Links
 12,000# Capacity@9012,000# Capacity@90°°

23. RequirementsRequirements
 Rated to capacity of weakestRated to capacity of weakest
componentcomponent
 No makeshift links formed from rods, orNo makeshift links formed from rods, or
boltsbolts
 No mechanical coupling linksNo mechanical coupling links

24. RequirementsRequirements
 No screw linksNo screw links
 UNLESS APPROVED FORUNLESS APPROVED FOR OVERHEAD LIFTINGOVERHEAD LIFTING

25. Alloy Chain Sling UseAlloy Chain Sling Use
 Rated load must be reduced when used atRated load must be reduced when used at
temperatures in excess of 600temperatures in excess of 600° F° F
 Consult sling manufacturer before use inConsult sling manufacturer before use in
chemical environments.chemical environments.

26. WEB & POLYESTER SLINGSWEB & POLYESTER SLINGS

27. INSPECTION OF POLYESTER SLINGSINSPECTION OF POLYESTER SLINGS
 (A) INITIAL INSPECTION(A) INITIAL INSPECTION- BEFORE USE- BEFORE USE
- INSPECTION REQUIRED.- INSPECTION REQUIRED.
 (B) FREQUENT INSPECTION(B) FREQUENT INSPECTION-TO BE-TO BE
MADE BY A DESIGNATED PERSONMADE BY A DESIGNATED PERSON
EACH TIME THE ROUND SLING ISEACH TIME THE ROUND SLING IS
USED.USED.
 ((C) PERIODIC INSPECTIONC) PERIODIC INSPECTION-TO BE-TO BE
CONDUCTED AT LEAST MONTHLY.CONDUCTED AT LEAST MONTHLY.

28. Synthetic SlingsSynthetic Slings
Sling capacity varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, it
has no set standard like wire rope does.
User must look at the Individual Sling Capacity Tag to
determine Safe Lifting Capacity of that sling.
If the Tag is not readable or is missing, Do not use it!
Inspect sling before each days use, and as often as
necessary during the day to assure safety of sling!
Sharp edges can slice a sling in two without warning as the
load is tensioned. Use softeners or padding on corners.

29. Synthetic Web Slings UseSynthetic Web Slings Use
 Not to be used in any area where fumes,Not to be used in any area where fumes,
vapors, sprays, mists, liquids, acids, arevapors, sprays, mists, liquids, acids, are
present.present.
 Do not use in area where temperaturesDo not use in area where temperatures
exceed 180exceed 180° F.° F.
 1910.184(i)(9)1910.184(i)(9)

30. OPERATION OF POLYESTEROPERATION OF POLYESTER
ROUND SLINGSROUND SLINGS
 DETERMINE WEIGHT OF LOADDETERMINE WEIGHT OF LOAD. The weight of. The weight of
the loadthe load shall be within the rated capacity of theshall be within the rated capacity of the
polyester round sling.polyester round sling.
 Select a polyester round sling having suitableSelect a polyester round sling having suitable
characteristics for the type of load , hitch andcharacteristics for the type of load , hitch and
environment.environment.
 Polyester round slings shall not be loaded inPolyester round slings shall not be loaded in
excess of the rated capacity. Consider loadexcess of the rated capacity. Consider load
angle.angle.

31. Polyester slingsPolyester slings
 POLYESTER ROUND SLINGS WITHPOLYESTER ROUND SLINGS WITH
FITTING WHICH ARE USED IN AFITTING WHICH ARE USED IN A
CHOKING HITCH SHALL BECHOKING HITCH SHALL BE
SUFFICIENT LENTH TO ASSURE THATSUFFICIENT LENTH TO ASSURE THAT
THE CHOKING ACTION IS ON THETHE CHOKING ACTION IS ON THE
ROUND SLING, AND NEVER ON THEROUND SLING, AND NEVER ON THE
FITTING.FITTING.

32. Synthetic SlingsSynthetic Slings

33. Sling Choker AdjustmentsSling Choker Adjustments

34. POLYESTER SLINGSPOLYESTER SLINGS
 POLYESTER SLINGS USED IN APOLYESTER SLINGS USED IN A
BASKET HITCH SHALL HAVE THEBASKET HITCH SHALL HAVE THE
LOAD BALANCED TO PREVENTLOAD BALANCED TO PREVENT
SLIPPAGE.SLIPPAGE.
 ENSURE THE SLINGS FITTING IS THEENSURE THE SLINGS FITTING IS THE
PROPER SIZE TO FIT ON THE CRANEPROPER SIZE TO FIT ON THE CRANE
HOOKS BOWL, AND OR OTHERHOOKS BOWL, AND OR OTHER
ATTACHMENTS.ATTACHMENTS.

35. Basket HitchBasket Hitch
““Basket” - loading with the sling passed under theBasket” - loading with the sling passed under the
load and both ends on the hook . You may needload and both ends on the hook . You may need
two slings to balance the loadtwo slings to balance the load

36. POLYSTER SLINGPOLYSTER SLING
 POLYESTER ROUND SLINGS SHALLPOLYESTER ROUND SLINGS SHALL
NOT BE TWISTED, SHORTEN,NOT BE TWISTED, SHORTEN,
LENGTHENED,TIED IN KNOTS, ORLENGTHENED,TIED IN KNOTS, OR
JOINED BY KNOTING.JOINED BY KNOTING.

37. POLYESTER SLINGSPOLYESTER SLINGS
 POLYESTER ROUND SLING SHALLPOLYESTER ROUND SLING SHALL
NOT BE DRAGGED ON THE FLOOR ORNOT BE DRAGGED ON THE FLOOR OR
OVER AN ABRASIVE SURFACE.OVER AN ABRASIVE SURFACE.
 POLYESTER ROUND SLINGS SHALLPOLYESTER ROUND SLINGS SHALL
ALWAYS BE PROTECTED FROM BEINGALWAYS BE PROTECTED FROM BEING
CUT BY SHARP CORNERS,SHARPCUT BY SHARP CORNERS,SHARP
EDGES,PROTRUSIONS.EDGES,PROTRUSIONS.

38. POLYESTER SLINGSPOLYESTER SLINGS
 POLYESTER SLING SHLL NOT BEPOLYESTER SLING SHLL NOT BE
PULLED FROM UNDER LOADS WHENPULLED FROM UNDER LOADS WHEN
LOADS ARE RESTING ON THEMLOADS ARE RESTING ON THEM
 POLYESTER ROUND SLING THATPOLYESTER ROUND SLING THAT
APPEAR TO BE DAMAGED ARE NOTAPPEAR TO BE DAMAGED ARE NOT
TO BE USED UNLESS INSPECTED ANDTO BE USED UNLESS INSPECTED AND
ACCEPTED.ACCEPTED.

39. POLYESTER SLINGSPOLYESTER SLINGS
 POLYESTER SLINGS SHALL BEPOLYESTER SLINGS SHALL BE
HITCHED IN A MANNER PROVIDINGHITCHED IN A MANNER PROVIDING
CONTROL OF THE LOAD.CONTROL OF THE LOAD.
 WHEN LIFTING WITH OR WITHOUTWHEN LIFTING WITH OR WITHOUT
THE LOAD, PERSONNEL SHALL BETHE LOAD, PERSONNEL SHALL BE
ALERT FOR POSSIBLE SNAGGING OFALERT FOR POSSIBLE SNAGGING OF
THE POLYESTER ROUND SLINGTHE POLYESTER ROUND SLING

40. POLYESTER SLINGPOLYESTER SLING
 TWISTING THE LEGS SHALL BE AVOIDEDTWISTING THE LEGS SHALL BE AVOIDED
 ONLY POLYESTER SLING WITH LEGIBLEONLY POLYESTER SLING WITH LEGIBLE
IDENTIFICATION TAGS SHALL BE USED.IDENTIFICATION TAGS SHALL BE USED.
 TAGS AND LABELS SHOULD BE KEPTTAGS AND LABELS SHOULD BE KEPT
CLEAR FROM THE LOAD AND CHOKECLEAR FROM THE LOAD AND CHOKE
POINTSPOINTS
 AVOID ALL SHOCK LOADS.AVOID ALL SHOCK LOADS.

41. POLYESTER SLING REMOVAL FROM SERVICEPOLYESTER SLING REMOVAL FROM SERVICE
 REMOVE FROM SERVICE IF IDENTIFICATIONREMOVE FROM SERVICE IF IDENTIFICATION
IS MISSING OR UNREADABLEIS MISSING OR UNREADABLE
 MELTED,CHARRING OR WELD SPATTER ONMELTED,CHARRING OR WELD SPATTER ON
ANY PART OF SLINGANY PART OF SLING
 HOLES, TEARS,CUTS,EMBEDDEDHOLES, TEARS,CUTS,EMBEDDED
PARTICLES,ABRASIVE WEAR,OR SNAGSPARTICLES,ABRASIVE WEAR,OR SNAGS
THAT EXPOSE THE CORE FIBERS OF THATTHAT EXPOSE THE CORE FIBERS OF THAT
SLINGSLING

42. POLYESTER SLING TOPOLYESTER SLING TO
REMOVE FROM SERVICEREMOVE FROM SERVICE
 BROKEN OR WORN STICHING IN THEBROKEN OR WORN STICHING IN THE
COVER WHICH EXPOSES THE FIBER CORECOVER WHICH EXPOSES THE FIBER CORE
 FITTING WHEN DAMAGED, STRETCHED ORFITTING WHEN DAMAGED, STRETCHED OR
DISTORTED IN ANY WAY.DISTORTED IN ANY WAY.
 SLINGS THAT HAVE KNOTS IN THEM.SLINGS THAT HAVE KNOTS IN THEM.
 ACID OR ALKALI BURNSACID OR ALKALI BURNS

43. Synthetic Web SlingSynthetic Web Sling
InspectionInspection Inspect each time before useInspect each time before use
 Tag present, and legible.Tag present, and legible.
 No Burns or melting any type.No Burns or melting any type.
 No snags, punctures, tears, or cutsNo snags, punctures, tears, or cuts
 No broken or worn stitchesNo broken or worn stitches
 No distortion of fittingsNo distortion of fittings
 No exposed “tattletales”No exposed “tattletales”

44. Wire Rope Sling UseWire Rope Sling Use
 Fiber Core ropes permanently removedFiber Core ropes permanently removed
from service if exposed to temperatures infrom service if exposed to temperatures in
excess of 180excess of 180° F.° F.
 Consult Rope Manufacturer if iwrc ropesConsult Rope Manufacturer if iwrc ropes
used above 400° F or below -60° Fused above 400° F or below -60° F
 Consult Sling manufacturer Before utilizingConsult Sling manufacturer Before utilizing
in any chemically active environments.in any chemically active environments.

45. Wire Rope Slings InspectionWire Rope Slings Inspection
 Tag present, and legibleTag present, and legible
 Broken wiresBroken wires
 Wear or scrapingWear or scraping
 Kinks,Crushing, Bird Caging, or anyKinks,Crushing, Bird Caging, or any
distortion of the rope.distortion of the rope.
 Heat damageHeat damage
 End attachment, or Hook damageEnd attachment, or Hook damage
 No U-Bolt Clips utilizedNo U-Bolt Clips utilized

46. Wire Rope CapacitiesWire Rope Capacities

47. D/d RatiosD/d Ratios
 D / d ratio is the diameter around which the slingD / d ratio is the diameter around which the sling
is bent divided by the body diameter of the slingis bent divided by the body diameter of the sling

48. Safety FactorsSafety Factors
To guard against failure of a wire rope in service,To guard against failure of a wire rope in service,
the actual load on the rope should only be athe actual load on the rope should only be a
fraction of the Capacity to be lifted.fraction of the Capacity to be lifted.
The safety factor includes reduced capacity of theThe safety factor includes reduced capacity of the
rope below it’s stated breaking strength due torope below it’s stated breaking strength due to
wear, fatigue, corrosion, abuse.wear, fatigue, corrosion, abuse.

49.  Wire Rope CoreWire Rope Core
 Monitor Reduction in DiameterMonitor Reduction in Diameter

50. How to measure a wire ropeHow to measure a wire rope

51. Maximum Broken Wires 10 perMaximum Broken Wires 10 per
lay, 5 per Strandlay, 5 per Strand

52. Wire Rope ConstructionWire Rope Construction

53. 1910.1841910.184
 1910.184(f)(5)(iii)1910.184(f)(5)(iii) Kinking, crushing,Kinking, crushing,
bird caging or any other damage resultingbird caging or any other damage resulting
in distortion of the wire rope structure.in distortion of the wire rope structure.
 1910.184(f)(5)(ii)1910.184(f)(5)(ii) Wear or scraping ofWear or scraping of
one-third the original diameter of outsideone-third the original diameter of outside
individual wires.individual wires.

54. Remove Rope From ServiceRemove Rope From Service
 1910.184(f)(5)(iv)1910.184(f)(5)(iv) Evidence of heat damage.Evidence of heat damage.
 1910.184(f)(5)(v)1910.184(f)(5)(v) End attachments that areEnd attachments that are
cracked, deformed or worn.cracked, deformed or worn.
 1910.184(f)(5)(vi)1910.184(f)(5)(vi) Hooks that have beenHooks that have been
opened more than 5 percent of the normalopened more than 5 percent of the normal
throat opening measured at the narrowestthroat opening measured at the narrowest
point or twisted more than 0 degrees from thepoint or twisted more than 0 degrees from the
plane of the unbent hook.plane of the unbent hook.
 1910.184(f)(5)(vii)1910.184(f)(5)(vii) Corrosion of the rope orCorrosion of the rope or
end attachments.end attachments.

55. Sling checks before liftSling checks before lift

Is the lifting device adequate?Is the lifting device adequate? CheckCheck
the placard on the crane or hoist, andthe placard on the crane or hoist, and
then answer three questions:then answer three questions:
 11. Is capacity adequate for this lift?. Is capacity adequate for this lift?
 22. Will it lift high enough?. Will it lift high enough?
 33. Is horizontal reach adequate?. Is horizontal reach adequate?
Choose a sling body type which willChoose a sling body type which will
best support the load while providingbest support the load while providing
adequate rated capacity.adequate rated capacity.

56. Protecting Rigging FromProtecting Rigging From
Damage or EnvironmentDamage or Environment
Rigging components are expensive to buy and to replace!
Use them properly and store them properly!
Keep wire rope slings lubricated and all rigging stored out of
the weather.
Treat the rigging as though your life depended on it!
Because it does if it fails!
Don’t use makeshift rigging or attempt to repair any rigging
components.
Knots tied in rigging reduces the strength by 50% or more!

57. Load Angle FactorsLoad Angle Factors L A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON SLING LEGSL A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON SLING LEGS
LAF X LOAD ÷ LEGS=TENSION
<< 707 LBS
^ 2,874 LBS ^

58. LOAD ANGLE FACTORLOAD ANGLE FACTOR
 Load angle factor = L A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON SLING LEGSLoad angle factor = L A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON SLING LEGS
 Sling Angle load Angle FactorSling Angle load Angle Factor
 90 deg90 deg 1.0001.000
 85 deg 1.00485 deg 1.004
 80 deg 1.01580 deg 1.015
 75 deg 1.03575 deg 1.035
 70 deg 1.06470 deg 1.064
 65 deg 1.10465 deg 1.104 L A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON THE SLING LEGL A F X LOAD DIVIDED BY LEGS = STRESS ON THE SLING LEG
 60 deg 1.11560 deg 1.115
 55 deg 1.22155 deg 1.221
 50 deg 1.30550 deg 1.305
 45 deg 1.41445 deg 1.414
 40 deg 1.15540 deg 1.155
 35 deg 1.74235 deg 1.742
 30 deg 2.00030 deg 2.000
 25 deg 2.36425 deg 2.364
 20 deg 2.92420 deg 2.924
 15 deg 3.86115 deg 3.861
 10 deg 5.74710 deg 5.747
 5 deg 11.4905 deg 11.490
 2 LEGED SLING2 LEGED SLING
 90 Deg 1.000 X 1,000 LBS = 1,000 DIVIDED BY 2 = 500 LBS PER LEG90 Deg 1.000 X 1,000 LBS = 1,000 DIVIDED BY 2 = 500 LBS PER LEG
 60 Deg 1.155 X 1,000 LBS = 1,155 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 577.50 LBS PER LEG60 Deg 1.155 X 1,000 LBS = 1,155 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 577.50 LBS PER LEG
 45 Deg 1.414 X 1,000 LBS = 1,414 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 707 LBS PER LEG45 Deg 1.414 X 1,000 LBS = 1,414 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 707 LBS PER LEG
 30 Deg 2.000 X 1,000 LBS = 2,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 1,000 LBS PER LEG30 Deg 2.000 X 1,000 LBS = 2,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 1,000 LBS PER LEG
 5 Deg 11.490 X 1,000 LBS = 11,490 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 5,745 LBS PER LEG5 Deg 11.490 X 1,000 LBS = 11,490 LBS DIVIDED BY 2 = 5,745 LBS PER LEG
 3 LEGED SLING3 LEGED SLING
 90 DEG 1.000 X 1,000 LBS = 1,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 3 = 333 LBS PER LEG90 DEG 1.000 X 1,000 LBS = 1,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 3 = 333 LBS PER LEG
 4 LEGED SLING4 LEGED SLING
 30 DEG 2.000 X 1,000 LBS = 2,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 4 = 500 LBS PER LEG30 DEG 2.000 X 1,000 LBS = 2,000 LBS DIVIDED BY 4 = 500 LBS PER LEG

59. Open EyeboltsOpen Eyebolts
Not Alloy, and Not to be used for lifting

60. Un-Shouldered EyeboltsUn-Shouldered Eyebolts
Alloy, No Angular loading allowed 90° only, Minimum of 2x of
shank in part to be lifted.
Unshouldered Max
Load Lbs.
-Thread
Size
Straight
Pull
90°
1/4 - 20 500
5/16 - 18 900
3/8 - 16 1400
7/16 - 14 2000
1/2 - 13 2600
9/16 - 12 3000
5/8 - 11 4000
3/4 - 10 6000
7/8 - 9 7000
1 - 8 9000
1-1/8 - 7 10000
1-1/4 - 7 15000
1-1/2 - 6 19600

62. Shouldered EyeboltsShouldered EyeboltsThread
Size
Straight
Pull
90°
45 Deg.
Pull
45°
1/4 - 20 500 125
5/16 - 18 900 225
3/8 - 16 1400 350
7/16 - 14 2000 500
1/2 - 13 2600 650
9/16 - 12 3000 750
5/8 - 11 4000 1000
3/4 – 10 6000 1500
7/8 – 9 7000 1750
1 – 8 9000 2250
1-1/8 – 7 10000 2500
1-1/4 – 7 15000 3750
1-1/2 – 6 19600 4900
Alloy only, Maximum load rating for eyebolts are based on a
straight vertical lift in a gradually increasing manner. Angular
lifts will significantly lower maximum loads Angular lifts must
never be more than a 45 degree pull. Shoulder must be supported
for any angular loading. Minimum of 2x of shank in part to be
lifted.
45°

63. Below the Hook LiftingBelow the Hook Lifting
DevicesDevices
 Anything which does not fall under the slingsAnything which does not fall under the slings
category is a below the hook lifting fixture tocategory is a below the hook lifting fixture to
include structural,mechanical, vacuum, orinclude structural,mechanical, vacuum, or
magnetic devices.magnetic devices.
 Must be designed iaw ANSI B30.20Must be designed iaw ANSI B30.20
 Must display the following informationMust display the following information
Manufacturers Name and Address
Serial#
Lifter Weight if over 100# or 45kg.
Rated Load

64. Below the Hook LiftingBelow the Hook Lifting
Devices InspectionDevices Inspection
 Operator Daily before useOperator Daily before use
 Periodic at least annually with recordsPeriodic at least annually with records

65. Below the Hook B30.20Below the Hook B30.20
 A LIFTER SHALL BE DESIGNED TOA LIFTER SHALL BE DESIGNED TO
WITHSTAND THE FORCES IMPOSEDWITHSTAND THE FORCES IMPOSED
BY ITS RATED LOAD, WITH A MINIMUMBY ITS RATED LOAD, WITH A MINIMUM
DESIGN FACTOR OF 3,BASED ONDESIGN FACTOR OF 3,BASED ON
YIELD STRENTH, FOR LOAD BEARINGYIELD STRENTH, FOR LOAD BEARING
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.

66. SlingsSlings

67. RiggingRigging
 Use approved slings & safety rules for allUse approved slings & safety rules for all
rigging jobs.rigging jobs.

68. RIGGING TIPSRIGGING TIPS
 .. Prevailing work rules and governmentPrevailing work rules and government
regulations place full responsibility forregulations place full responsibility for
proper performance upon the rigger,proper performance upon the rigger, so itso it
is his duty to be familiar with the conditionis his duty to be familiar with the condition
and capability of all tools and equipmentand capability of all tools and equipment
used, as well as techniques employed.used, as well as techniques employed.
One basic rule always applies: AlwaysOne basic rule always applies: Always
know ... never guess. Each lift may beknow ... never guess. Each lift may be
divided into three parts.divided into three parts.

69. Rigging rule # 1Rigging rule # 1
 1.1. The Lifting DeviceThe Lifting Device - Know its capability- Know its capability
and limitations, and its condition. Whenand limitations, and its condition. When
was it last inspected? If in doubt aboutwas it last inspected? If in doubt about
capacity, check the placard.capacity, check the placard.

70. Rule # 2Rule # 2
 2.2. The HitchThe Hitch - Here is where- Here is where
the rigger can exercisethe rigger can exercise
ingenuity.. but it's also theingenuity.. but it's also the
easiest place to make aeasiest place to make a
mistake.mistake.

71. Rule # 3Rule # 3
 3.3. The LoadThe Load - The weight must- The weight must
be known. But you must alsobe known. But you must also
protect the load from possibleprotect the load from possible
damage by the slings ... anddamage by the slings ... and
protect the slings from damageprotect the slings from damage
by the load.by the load.

72. RIGGINGRIGGING
 Before you select a sling for aBefore you select a sling for a
specific lift, determine the mostspecific lift, determine the most
effective hitch to do the job,effective hitch to do the job,
protect the load, and protectprotect the load, and protect
the sling. One of three basicthe sling. One of three basic
hitches will usually do the job.hitches will usually do the job.

73. Basket HitchBasket Hitch
““Basket” - loading with the sling passed under theBasket” - loading with the sling passed under the
load and both ends on the hook or a single masterload and both ends on the hook or a single master
link.link.

74. ChockerChocker
““Choker” – loading with the sling passed throughChoker” – loading with the sling passed through
one eye and suspended by the other.one eye and suspended by the other.

75. 90 Deg / Vertica90 Deg / Verticall
““Vertical” / 90 Deg – loading with the the loadVertical” / 90 Deg – loading with the the load
suspended vertically on a single part or leg of thesuspended vertically on a single part or leg of the
sling.sling.

76. The HitchThe Hitch
 The type of hitch you select mayThe type of hitch you select may
determine the type of sling bodydetermine the type of sling body
that will best do the job, as well asthat will best do the job, as well as
the length of sling that will bethe length of sling that will be
needed. Lifting height, overheadneeded. Lifting height, overhead
clearance and hook travel willclearance and hook travel will
affect choice of hitch and lengthaffect choice of hitch and length
of slingof sling

77. Check Lifting Height for properCheck Lifting Height for proper
ClearanceClearance

78. RIGGINGRIGGING
When attaching aWhen attaching a
sling to eye bolts,sling to eye bolts,
always pull on linealways pull on line
with the bolt axiswith the bolt axis..

79.  RIGGINGRIGGING
 When hitching to bolts screwedWhen hitching to bolts screwed
into or attached to a load, a sideinto or attached to a load, a side
pull may break the bolts.pull may break the bolts.
 You may need to brace the slingYou may need to brace the sling

80. Rigging Boxes / CratesRigging Boxes / Crates
 When lifting crates or wooden boxes withWhen lifting crates or wooden boxes with
a basket hitch, be sure load can withstanda basket hitch, be sure load can withstand
side pressure as tension is applied toside pressure as tension is applied to
sling.sling.
 Use spreader bars and corner protectorsUse spreader bars and corner protectors
to prevent damage to contents.to prevent damage to contents.

81. RIGGINGRIGGING
 You can reduce the angle of aYou can reduce the angle of a
choke with a wooden block, orchoke with a wooden block, or
blocks, between the hitch andblocks, between the hitch and
the load. This also increasesthe load. This also increases
the angle between the two legsthe angle between the two legs
to improve sling efficiency..to improve sling efficiency..

82. Tag LineTag Line
 Anytime a load is lifted beyond arm'sAnytime a load is lifted beyond arm's
reach with a single-part load line orreach with a single-part load line or
straight eye and eye sling, use a tagline tostraight eye and eye sling, use a tagline to
prevent load rotation. If a wire rope isprevent load rotation. If a wire rope is
permitted to rotate, the strands may unlaypermitted to rotate, the strands may unlay
and the rope's capacity will be reducedand the rope's capacity will be reduced

83. Rigging checks before liftRigging checks before lift

Is the lifting device adequate? CheckIs the lifting device adequate? Check
the placard on the crane or hoist, andthe placard on the crane or hoist, and
then answer three questions:then answer three questions:
 1. Is capacity adequate for this lift?1. Is capacity adequate for this lift?
 2. Will it lift high enough?2. Will it lift high enough?
 3. Is horizontal reach adequate?3. Is horizontal reach adequate?
Choose a sling body type which willChoose a sling body type which will
best support the load while providingbest support the load while providing
adequate rated capacity.adequate rated capacity.

84. The proper choice will provideThe proper choice will provide
 1. What is the Lifting capacity needed.1. What is the Lifting capacity needed.
 2. Proper D/d Ratio2. Proper D/d Ratio. (Outside Dia of. (Outside Dia of
sheave to outside Dia of rope)sheave to outside Dia of rope)
 3. Handling characteristics needed for3. Handling characteristics needed for
riggingrigging ( Do you need a tag line?)( Do you need a tag line?)
4. Protect your slings from damage.4. Protect your slings from damage.

85. 5. Minimal damage to the load.5. Minimal damage to the load.
 Use a shackle in the sling eye during a choke toUse a shackle in the sling eye during a choke to
protect sling body against excessive distortion.protect sling body against excessive distortion.

86. Proper Shackle UseProper Shackle Use

87.  Always put pin through sling eye ratherAlways put pin through sling eye rather
than against the sling body since the slingthan against the sling body since the sling
movement of the sling body could rotatemovement of the sling body could rotate
pin, causing it to come loose.pin, causing it to come loose.

88. Lifting a BundleLifting a Bundle
 When lifting a bundled loadWhen lifting a bundled load
with a single sling near thewith a single sling near the
center of gravity, a choke iscenter of gravity, a choke is
more effective than a basketmore effective than a basket
hitch to prevent unbalance andhitch to prevent unbalance and
slipping of the load in the slingslipping of the load in the sling

89. RiggingRigging
 When rigging two or more straight slings as aWhen rigging two or more straight slings as a
bridle, select identical sling constructions ofbridle, select identical sling constructions of
identical length - with identical previous loadingidentical length - with identical previous loading
experience. Normal stretch must be the same forexperience. Normal stretch must be the same for
paired slings to avoid overloading individual legspaired slings to avoid overloading individual legs
and unbalancing the load during the lift. Twoand unbalancing the load during the lift. Two
basket hitches can be rigged with two slings tobasket hitches can be rigged with two slings to
provide better balance for long loads. Be sureprovide better balance for long loads. Be sure
that slings cannot slide toward one anotherthat slings cannot slide toward one another
along the load when the lift is made.along the load when the lift is made.

90. TurnbucklesTurnbuckles
 Turnbuckles must be proof load tested atTurnbuckles must be proof load tested at
2 times the SWL and tagged or marked2 times the SWL and tagged or marked
 Inspect Turnbuckles for cracks and bendsInspect Turnbuckles for cracks and bends
in framein frame
 Check for Thread damage & bent rodsCheck for Thread damage & bent rods

91. TurnbucklesTurnbuckles

92. Rigging SelectionRigging Selection
3. Are the Working Load Limits Adequate?
a. What is the weight of the load?
b. Where is the center of gravity?
c. What is the sling angle?
d. Will there be side loading?
e. Capacity/Type of the rigging to be used?