4. OSHA Office of Training & Education 4
The Users Responsibilities
Rigger
Crane
Operator
5. OSHA Office of Training & Education 5
Definitions
Hitch “Basket” - loading with the sling passed under the load and
both ends on the hook or a single master link.
6. OSHA Office of Training & Education 6
Definitions
Hitch “Choker” – loading with the sling passed through one eye and
suspended by the other.
7. OSHA Office of Training & Education 7
Definitions
Hitch “Vertical” – loading with the the load suspended vertically on
a single part or leg of the sling.
8. OSHA Office of Training & Education 8
Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope,
metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and
synthetic web.
Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic
9. OSHA Office of Training & Education 9
Sling Inspection
Inspect slings:
Each day before use
Where service conditions
warrant
Remove them from service if
damaged or defective
11. OSHA Office of Training & Education 11
•Adapts to shape of the load
•Can damage by sudden
shocks
•Best choice for hoisting very
hot materials
•When one link in a chain fails,
the load will come down.
•Must have an affixed tag
stating size, grade, rated
capacity, and sling
manufacturer
Alloy Steel Chains
17. OSHA Office of Training & Education 17
Hooks, rings, oblong
links, or other
attachments, when
used with alloy steel
chains, must have a
rated capacity at least
equal to that of the
chain
Alloy Steel Chain Attachments
Rated Capacity
18. OSHA Office of Training & Education 18
Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift
fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or
other such attachments, can’t be used
Unsuitable Alloy Steel Chain
Attachments
Right Wrong
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Chain Wear
When a chain
shows excessive
wear, or is cracked
or pitted, remove it
from service
Non-alloy repair
links can not be
used
20. OSHA Office of Training & Education 20
Inspection of Chain
• Must be visually inspected prior to use.
• Pay special attention to any stretching
(any elongation from the original length.
• The diameter of the worn chain link should
be measured at the point of the greatest
wear and compare with minimum
allowable diameters in tables.
22. OSHA Office of Training & Education 22
Wire Rope Slings
•Used to hoist materials
•Selection considerations:
strength
ability to bend without
cracking
ability to withstand abrasive
wear
ability to withstand abuse
Wire rope
Strand
Center
Wire
Core
23. OSHA Office of Training & Education 23
Wire Rope Construction
24. OSHA Office of Training & Education 24
General Requirements
Slings used in a basket hitch must have
the loads balanced to prevent slippage.
Slings must be securely attached to
their loads.
25. OSHA Office of Training & Education 25
General Requirements
Slings must be padded or protected
from the sharp edges of their loads.
Suspended loads must be kept clear of
all obstructions.
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General Requirements
All employees must keep clear of loads
to be lifted and suspended loads.
Hands or fingers must not be placed
between the sling and its load while the
sling is being tightened.
28. OSHA Office of Training & Education 28
Inspections
Each day before use, the sling, all
fastenings and attachments must be
inspected by a competent person
Additional inspections performed during
use, where conditions warrant
Damaged slings must be removed from
service
29. OSHA Office of Training & Education 29
Wire Rope Slings
Eye Splices
• Eye splices made in any wire rope
• must have at least three full tucks
30. OSHA Office of Training & Education 30
Cover or blunt protruding ends of strands
Protruding Ends
31. OSHA Office of Training & Education 31
Wire Rope Clips
When using U-bolt
wire rope clips to
form eyes, ensure
the "U" section is in
contact with the
dead end of the
rope
This is the correct method
Dead End
33. OSHA Office of Training & Education 33
Lubrication
Regularly lubricate ropes and chains
34. OSHA Office of Training & Education 34
Wire Rope Slings
Remove From Service
If these happen, remove the wire rope sling from service
Crushing
Kinking
Bird Caging
35. OSHA Office of Training & Education 35
Remove From Service
Immediately remove damaged or
defective slings from service
36. OSHA Office of Training & Education 36
Type of Wire Wire Rope Sling
Damage
Birdcage damage
37. OSHA Office of Training & Education 37
Remove From Service When
• 6 broken wires in 1 lay
• 3 in one strand
• Outer wire diameter worn 1/3
original diameter
• Bird caged , crushed, kinked
38. OSHA Office of Training & Education 38
One complete wrap of a strand around the core
Rope Lay
Rope Lay
39. OSHA Office of Training & Education 39
Wire Rope Construction
46. OSHA Office of Training & Education 46
• Mark or code to
show:
Name or trademark
of manufacturer
Rated capacities for
the type of hitch
Type of material
Synthetic Web Sling
Markings
49. OSHA Office of Training & Education 49
• Fittings must be:
At least as strong
as that of the sling
Free of sharp
edges that could
damage the
webbing
Synthetic Web Slings
Fittings
50. OSHA Office of Training & Education 50
• Stitching is the only method allowed to attach
end fittings to webbing, or to form eyes
Synthetic Web Sling
Stitching
Stitching
51. OSHA Office of Training & Education 51
• Remove from service if
any of these are present:
Acid or caustic burns
Melting or charring of
any part
Snags, punctures, tears
or cuts
Broken or worn stitches
Distortion of fittings
Synthetic Web Slings -
Remove from Service
Heat Damage
60. OSHA Office of Training & Education 60
Note: A good operating practice is to keep sling angles
from going below 60 degrees
1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS
500
LBS
500
LBS
1000 LBS 1000 LBS
90 60° 45° 30°
61. OSHA Office of Training & Education 61
Wire Rope Capacities
62. OSHA Office of Training & Education 62
Sling Angle Factor = L/H
Where:
L = Length of the sling.
H = Height of the
connection point
from the horizontal
plane of the load.
L
H
