Behavioral architecture considers how the design of built environments can influence human behavior and psychology. It draws from behavioral psychology to understand how elements like scale, color, textures, light, materials, and landscaping affect human moods, attitudes, and perceptions. Studying patterns of human activity within spaces allows designers to identify problems and improve designs. Behavioral architecture aims to create empathetic experiences by deeply understanding users' perspectives, personalities, motivations, and life contexts.

1. BEHAVIORAL ARCHITECTURE

2. INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIORAL ARCHITECTURE
What is Behavior?
• The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others. (According
to dictionary).
• Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made
by individuals, organisms, systemsor artificial entities in conjunction with
themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms
around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment.
• It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs,
whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious,
and voluntary or involuntary. (according to wiki)

3. What is behavioral architecture?
• How an environment can affect or influence human behavior. In which a design of
particular space can influence human minds and their behavior patterns. Where
Human psychologyplays the major role in architecture.
• Clovis Heimsathan American architect wrote a book called 'Behavioral
Architecture: toward an accountable design process' in which he says that Design
as if people mattered. Behavioral architecture does not come from architects, they
came from the behavioral psychologist.
• A design of space can change human's mood/attitude, their perception etc.
(example: temple, church, mosque.)

7. Design elements that affect human behavior (both interior and
exterior)
• Scale
• Color
• Textures
• Light and shade
• Material
• Landscape

8. Designing For Pattern And Activities
What is Pattern?
A Pattern is the repeated or regular way in which
something happens or is done.
What is activity?
An Activity is something you do, or just the stateof doing.
Activity and pattern in human behavior and how does that help us
in designing?
By studying the activity of an individual or group of people of a
particular space, a pattern of the human activity is found. A problem
or an error is found through the pattern. Studying the pattern, the
problem is solved through design.

9. • Designing an empathic experience requires total immersion into the lives of your
target audience.
• “walk a mile in your customer’s shoes” implies, interviews, personas, use cases,
user flows, journey maps, focus groups, etc. are involved in an educated attempt to
accurately engage the people you mostwant to influence
• But what about individual personality types? What really motivates a person?
What do they truly value? What factors are playing out in their life that may impact
or influence their ability to engagean experience? These are all intangibles we
often have no substantiveway of quantifying.

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO KITCHEN

11. MRTS CHENNAI

12. METRO CHENNAI

13. Archetypal
What is Archetype/Archetypal?:
A very typical example of a certain person or thing. The original pattern or model of which all
things of the same type are representations or copies. Someone or something that
is archetypal has all the mostimportant characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing
and is a perfect example of it.
Example:
• They live in an archetypal country village.
• Cricket is the archetypal English game.
• The main characters in Romeo and Juliet are the archetypal "star-crossed lovers".
• Superman, with his chiseled looks, herculean strength, and good conscience, is an
archetypal superhero.

14. Definition of Archetypal
The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology,
and literary analysis. An archetype can be:
• a statement, pattern of behavior, prototype, "first" form, or a main model that other
statements, patterns of behavior, and objects copy, emulate, or "merge" into. Informal
synonyms frequently used for this definition include "standardexample," "basic example,"
and the longer-form "archetypal example;" mathematical archetypes often appear as
"canonical examples."
• the Platonic concept of pure form, believed to embody the fundamental characteristics of
a thing.
• a collectively-inherited unconscious idea, a pattern of thought, image, etc., that is
universally present, in individual psyches.
• a constantly-recurring symbolor motif in literature, painting, or mythology. This definition
refers to the recurrence of characters or ideas sharing similar traits throughout various,
seemingly unrelated cases in classic storytelling, media, etc. This usage of the term draws
from both comparative anthropology and from Jungian archetypal theory.

15. Where you can find the statement "Archetypal"?
• Literature (poetry, fiction, nonfiction)
• Movies
• Architecture
• Mythology

16. Archetypal Activity and Space
Archetypal activities : An individual or a group of people
does an activity in a archetype manner – frequent or
sterotypical way.
Eg. An Author as a ritual or an activity which he does
regularly before starting his new book.
Archetypal space : An individual or group of people goes to
a space or place frequently/regularly.
Eg. An author goes to his comfort zone (Space) while
creating his book.

17. Planning of Public Spaces With Reference
To Age Group and Activities:
Public Spaces:
Age groups:
Activities:

18. Cubbon Park, Bangalore.

20. MG Road, Boulevard,
Bangalore.

22. Chennai Pondy BazaarPedestrian Plaza (T.Nagar)
- Chennaigreater corporationand ITDP.

23. Sabarmathi Riverfront, Ahmedabad.

25. Spatial Implications of Sociology
What is Sociology?
• Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes
and consequencesof human behavior.
• Sociologists investigate the structureof groups, organizations, and
societies, and how people interact within these contexts.
• The study of the development, structure, and functioning of human
society.
• the study of social problems.
What is implications?
• The effect that something will have on something else in the future.
• Something that is suggested or said indirectly.

26. Sociology of space
The "sociology" of space examines the social and material constitutionof
spaces. It is concerned with understanding the social practices, institutional
forces, and material complexity of how humans and spaces interact.
Our social and spatial behavior are shaped by both internal and external
constraints. On one hand, external factors , such as time, cognition, age or
the need for food constrain our possibilities. On the other hand, we are
driven by internal needs, purposes and preferences. Specifically, within
personality psychology, it has been conjectured that personality traits play
a key role in shaping our choices across various situations

27. Difference in lifestyle due to socio economical background.
Three major socio economic group:
• Low income
• Middleincome
• Higher income
Implication in Architecture design
• Public spaces- parks, riverfronts
• Public building- institutions
• Housing

28. Sociological aspects in the history of evolution of
housing and shelter forms.
The term “shelter,” which is often used to define housing,
has a strong connection to the ultimatepurpose of housing
throughout the world.
The mental image of a shelter is of a safe, secure place that
provides both privacyand protectionfrom the elements
and the temperature extremes of the outside world.
• First form shelter - temporary
• Needs and requirements
• Permenant structure

32. Sociology, a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and
the processes that preserve and change them. It does this by examining the
dynamics of constituentparts of societies such as institutions, communities,
populations, and gender, racial, or age groups. Sociology also studies social
status or stratification, social movements, and social change, as well as societal
disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution.
Sociology

33. Social life overwhelmingly regulates the behaviour of humans, largely
because humans lack the instincts that guide most animal behaviour.
Humans therefore depend on social institutions and organizations to
inform their decisions and actions. Given the important role
organizations play in influencing human action, it is sociology’s task to
discover how organizations affect the behaviour of persons, how they are
established, how organizations interact with one another, how they
decay, and, ultimately, how they disappear. Among the most basic
organizational structuresare economic, religious, educational,
and political institutions, as well as more specialized institutions such as
the family, the community, the military, peer groups, clubs, and volunteer
associations.

34. Planning
• Urban planning
• regional planning
• town planning
• city planning
• rural planning
Planning is a technical and political process that is focused on the
development and design of land use and the built environment,
including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out
of urban areas, such as transportation, communications,
and distribution networks and their accessibility.

35. Essential Elements of Society
• Urban community
• Rural community

36. CharacteristicsRural Community
Rural community is an area which is under development and not civilized, based on geographical
conditions.The characteristicsof rural community are following:
• Rural area is sparsely populatedbecause many people leaves rural areas and settles in the
urban areas for more facilities.
• These society has homogeneity. in its profession that is their only source of earning is
agriculture and this is transmittedfrom generationto generation.
• There is homogeneity in dress, languageand customs. It means all these remain same because
their culture is same they belong to the same area.
• These areas have got slow means of communication.
• Rural areas have very slow rate of change because of lack of educationand modern technology.
• Areas have got simple culture transmittedfrom generationto generation.
• Rural areas have got informal social life that is they spent their life in a. simple way.
• Rural communities have got strong relationshipsand interactionsof the people. It means that
they help each other in distress and shares the happiness.
• In such areas there is less rate of pollutionbecause there are no factories and mills and the
number of automobilesis less.
• In such areas people shows great hospitalityto their guests and treat them as a member of a
family

37. CharacteristicsUrban Community
Urban community is an area which is developedand civilized, based on geographicalconditions.
The characteristicsof urban community are following:
• Urban society is thickly populatedbecause many people comes from rural areas and settles
down here for better facilitiesof life.
• This society has homogeneityin profession it means that there are many professions through
which people can earn.
• In urban areas there is difference in dress, language and customs because there are a variety of
people having different backgrounds.
• have got fast means of communicationthat is they Gets aware of what is happening aroundthe
world rapidly.
• The areas have got fast rate of change because of educationand modern technology.
• These areas have got complex culture because of mixing of other cultures in it.
• Urban areas have got formal social life.
• Urban areas have got weak interactionsand ties on the basis of their complex.
• In these areas there is high rate of pollution becauseof factories and automobiles.
• In urban areas people are not much gracious to their guests because of their busy life.

38. Socio cultural
It is used
to describe the differences between groups of people relating to the social class and cultur
e in which they live.
Sociocultural is a term related to social and cultural factors, which means
common traditions, habits, patterns and beliefs present in a population group. The term
is mostly used in sociologic and marketing contexts and refers to the most
remarkable drivers behind the way people makes decisions in a society.
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories
of sociobiology and cultural evolution that describe how societies and culture change over
time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the
complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can
lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or
proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity
. Sociocultural evolution is “the process by which structural reorganization is affected
through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitativelydifferent
from the ancestral form”.
Growth of Socio-cultural factors through ages

39. Sociocultural factorsare the larger scale forces within cultures and societies that
affect the thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
Such factors include:
• Attitudes
• Sexuality
• Child rearing practices
• Cross culturaldifference
• Culturaldeprivation
• Culturalidentity
• Culture change
• Discrimination
• Ethnic identity
• Ethnic values
• Face (sociologicalconcept)
• Family structure
• Kinship structure
• Power
• Race
• Racial and ethnic groups
• Regionaldifferences
• Religiousbeliefs
• Religiouspractices
• Reputation
• Rituals

40. the rapid expansionof urban areas due to rise in population andeconomic growth is
increasing additional demandon naturalresources thereby causing land-use changes
especiallyin megacities. Therefore, serious problems associatedwith rapid development
such as additionalinfrastructure,informal settlements, environmentalpollution,
destruction of ecologicalstructure and scarcity of naturalresources has been studied
carefully using remote sensing and GIS technologies for a rapidlygrown megacity
namely, Delhi.
Metropolitan citiesin India are emerging as major economic hubs with an
unprecedentedland use changes and decline of environmentalresources. Globalisation
and consequent relaxationsof Indian markets to globalplayers has given impetus to
rapid urbanisation process. Urbanisationbeing irreversible and rapid coupled with fast
growth of populationduring the last century, contributedto serious ecologicaland
environmental consequences.This necessitates monitoringand advancevisualisation of
spatialpatterns of landscapedynamics for evolvingappropriatemanagement strategies
towards sustainabledevelopmentapproaches. This study visualises the growth of Indian
mega cities Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Chennaiand Coimbatore,through CellularAutomata
Markov model considering the influence of agent (s) of urban growth through soft
computing techniques.
Dynamics of urban growth and Social changes

41. CA Markov model is considered to be one of most effective algorithm to visualise the
growth of urban spatialstructures. Prediction of growth using agent based modelling
considering the spatial patterns of urbanisation during the past four decades has
providedinsights to the urban dynamics. The industrial,infrastructural,socio-economic
factors significantlyinfluencethe urban growth compared to the biophysicalfactors.
Visualisationof urban growth suggest agents driven growth in the cities and its
surroundings with large land use transformations in urban corridors and upcoming
Industrialand ear marked developmentalzones. Integrating local agentsof urban growth
help in identifyingspecific regions of intense growth, likelychallenges and provide
opportunitiesfor evolving appropriatemanagement strategies towards sustainablecities
during the 21st century.
Dynamics of urban growth and Social changes

42. Behavioral assumption in planning / Behavioral
Urban Planning
Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions,behavioral
relationships,and assumptionsthat define the body of knowledge of urban
planning.There are nine proceduraltheories of planningthat remain the
principaltheories of planningprocedure today:
the Rational-Comprehensiveapproach,
the Incrementalapproach,
the TransformativeIncremental (TI) approach,
the Transactiveapproach,
the Communicativeapproach,
the Advocacy approach,
the Equity approach,
the Radicalapproach,
and the Humanist or Phenomenologicalapproach

43. Summarizing the most prominent literaturein this field, here are seven behavioralinsights
for the design of public spaces that may help:
Make it accessible. Understand the physicalbarriers of your beneficiaries. For example,
consider child friendly facilitiesto attract more parents, comfortable seating and barrier-
free facilitiesfor the elderly to attract large familygroups, or improved publictransport
times to attract more students.
Make it safe. People avoidsituationsin which they are confrontedwith uncertainty and
discomfort. Plan for areas that are protected from weather conditionsand design spaces
so that they grant sufficient levelsof privacy (might differ across cultures).
Make it clean-by-design. Litter and waste smells make publicspaces unattractive.Provide
sufficient numbersof litter bins and make them salient (by creating funny bin designs or
by using salient stickers on the ground), ensure that waste containersare stored in
adequatedistance from people (especially during hot seasons), or make it a prerequisite
for coffee shop and restaurant operatorsto employ deposit return schemes.
Make it social. People like to gather and engage with each other at focal points. Select
these focal points on purpose and tailorthem to yourtarget group’s preferences, e.g., by
integratinga coffee shop, blue spaces, community sheds or gardens, areas for featured
artwork, or fireplaces.

44. Make it local. Engagement levels increase with ownership and acceptability.Use
participatoryplanningprocesses during the need assessments and design stages, involve
skilled facilitatorswith community ties, or encourage youth to volunteerin site operations
and management at an early stage.
Make it fun. Integrate game design elements that repeatedly allowinteractionbetween
(targeted) community members. The classic examples are playgroundsfor children,
walking paths, or table tennisfacilities;newer and more team-orientedalternativesare
walk-for-health contests or geocaching activities.
Make it entertaining. Design the space so that it is flexible enough to facilitatefuture
community events. Think about the possibilityto host flea markets, open-airexhibitions,
food truck visits, concerts, festivals, or pop-up parks, for example

45. BUILDING SYSTEMS

46. Introduction to Building systems
Architecture and building construction are not necessarily one and the same
thing. An understanding of the methods for assembling various materials,
elements, and components Is necessary during both the design and the
construction of a building. A working knowledge of building construction is
only one of several critical factors in the execution of architecture. A system
can be defined as an assembly of interrelated or interdependent parts forming
a more complex and unified whole and serving a common purpose. A building
can be understood to be the physical embodiment of a number of systems and
subsystems that must necessarily be related, coordinated, and integrated with
each other as well as with the three-dimensional form and spatial organization
of the building 35 a whole.

47. What is Building systems?
• Building systems are the critical systems of your facility, such as the Electrical,
HVAC, Security, Life Safety, Lighting, Utilities, Telecom, and Energy Management.
These systems are rarely, if ever, independent entities; rather, they depend on each
other to operate.
• For example, most building systems rely on the building's base electrical service for
power; and computer systems often need supplemental cooling to operate properly.
You can define equipment systems that show the relationships between systems,
assemblies and components. You can then associate an equipment systems with the
building system of which it is a part.
• All building systems are typically designed, installed, managed, maintained and
supported by their own team of domain of experts. They are often evaluated and
controlled both as an independent system and as a part of a larger system and the
whole building.

48. Types of building systems
Structural Systems:
• Foundation Systems
• Floor Systems
• Wall - Column Systems
• Roof Systems
Non-structural systems:
• Enclosure & Protection
• Mechanical Systems
• Finishing Systems
• Fixtures & Furniture

49. Importance of building systems
Building systems are an important part of any facility. Electrical systems, building
envelope, elevators, and other equipment in your building are important to everyday
activities, and these building systems play a key role in energy efficiency and safety.
Here are a few ways that having quality building systems can be very beneficial:
• Energy efficiency. Poorly constructed or maintained building systems will not keep
functioning properly for very long. When these systems, such as electrical equipment
and HVAC units, stop working correctly, it can lead to a variety of problems,
including wasting energy. To achieve optimal energy efficiency in any building, each
building system must be designed and installed in such a way that will allow them to
work well individually as well as together. Engineers of varying specialties are
trained and qualified to work with many different building systems to ensure they
are functioning as efficiently as possible.

50. • Safety. Because building systems are often interconnected, safety is a major aspect to
be aware of when working with building systems. The right building systems,
properly installed and maintained, will help to ensure a safe environment. Working
with a professional to determine the safety of any given building system can be very
beneficial in the long run and may help prevent possible negative outcomes due to an
unsafe or insecure building system.
Few systems used in building are Building Automation and Control Systems, Building
energy management systems, Building heating systems, Building management systems,
security systems, Cooling systems for buildings, Curtain wall systems, Daylight
lighting systems, Distributed Antenna Systems, Electrical control systems, Fire
Detection and Fire Alarm Systems, Global positioning systems global navigation
satellite systems, Infrastructure and Integrated systems, Intelligent building
management systems, Lighting control systems, Solar thermal systems, Structural
systems, Sustainable drainage systems etc.

51. Hidden behavioral assumptions
• In planning of space for human occupancy, conventionally grid patterns are followed,
but the same grid pattern in hexagonal configuration does not facilitate the provision
of linking corridors to each cell. Whereas the xx –yy axis repetitive grid allows for
corridors connecting every inhabited room with every inhabited room. the necessity
for such connections is the hidden dimension.
• The dimensions and size of the grid patterns can be changed according to the space
and it may vary. But the basic configuration is derived from the single xx-yy axis.
The next hidden necessity is placing the occupants adjacent to the exterior windows.
The room adjacencies, bypass, and the geometry are the critical factors.
Hidden Behavioral adjacencies
The linking of the corridors to the various built spaces may be termed as adjacencies.
Based on the configurations it may be classified as
1. pass-through adjacency
2. side by side adjacency
3. by-pass adjacency
4. entrance adjacencies

52. VERTICAL BYPASS
It’s a process of passing through different spaces/floors while connecting of different
spaces/ floors along the vertical adjacencies by the user in a built space. For ex. elevator
in an high rise apartment .
HORIZONTAL BYPASS
The process of passing through different spaces/rooms while connecting of different
spaces/rooms along the horizontal adjacencies by the user in a built space. For ex. a
connecting corridor in an airport.

53. Building Subsystems
A complete group of elements or set of parts that form and function as a unit within a fi
nished building.
An assemblage of components that perform a specific function in a building, e.g:
an air conditioning system consisting of its components such as a fan, ductwork, air diff
users, and controls.
The utilities and services supplied and distributed within a building generally related to
the building environment, including: heating, air-
conditioning, lighting, water supply services, drainage services, electrical supply, gas su
pply, fire protection, and security.