Behaviorism
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Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an American psychologist born in 1904 who is known for his emphasis on behaviorism. He is best known for inventing the Skinner Box to study operant conditioning. Some of his major works included The Behavior of Organisms and Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Skinner died in 1990 at the age of 86. Behaviorism can be applied in the classroom to control student behavior through reinforcement schedules, contingency contracting, prompting, modeling appropriate behavior, and using punishment.
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AbigailGauthier behaviorism
Behaviorism is a learning theory that explains learning as responses to external stimuli through classical and operant conditioning without consideration of mental states. Key people associated with behaviorism include John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, E.L. Thorndike, and Ivan Pavlov who is famous for classical conditioning experiments with dogs. In the classroom, behaviorism implies that teachers create specific behaviors in students through positive and negative reinforcement like rewards and punishments, which can now incorporate technology tools.
Materialsm
Materialism is the view that only matter is real and that everything, including the mind, can be explained through physics and chemistry. It is opposed to idealism and claims that only things that can be observed through the senses or experiments are part of reality. Materialists believe that matter, its motions, and properties make up the ultimate nature of all things and that there is no supernatural or spiritual reality. Modern forms of materialism, like mechanistic materialism, view everything, including humans and thought, as simply matter in motion governed by physical laws, reducing mind to the physical workings of the body. New materialism rejects the idea that everything is based on strict physical laws and direct contact, believing instead that mind and body are identical
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Behaviorism is a learning perspective that focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. It claims that all actions are behaviors that can be influenced and shaped through stimuli and consequences in the environment. Some key influences on behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. In education, behaviorism emphasizes using rewards systems and positive or negative reinforcement to encourage good behaviors in students. Teachers can also use technology to create variety and virtual learning experiences.
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. Some key aspects of Skinner's work include:
- He focused on observable behavior and studied how environmental consequences shape behavior through reinforcement or punishment.
- He conducted experiments using operant conditioning techniques like positive reinforcement and schedules of reinforcement.
- His theory of operant conditioning differed from Thorndike and Hull's theories in that he took a strictly descriptive approach rather than an explanatory one.
- Skinner's research influenced psychology for decades and contributed to behavior modification techniques, but he was also criticized for his extreme behaviorism and narrow focus on observable behavior only.
Behaviourism 2011 version
The document provides an overview of behaviourism in psychology. It discusses the key figures of Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner and their major contributions. Behaviourism rejected unobservable mental events and focused on observable stimuli and responses that could be scientifically studied. While behaviourism was highly influential for decades, its dominance has declined as other approaches in psychology emerged that considered additional factors beyond direct environmental influences.
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B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism. He believed that human behavior is shaped by environmental influences and consequences. Skinner's major works explored how positive and negative reinforcement can influence behavior. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviors by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement increases behaviors by removing unpleasant stimuli. Skinner's theory of behaviorism had a significant impact on psychology and education.
Theories of learning
The document summarizes several theories of learning and instruction including behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning theory, social constructivism, multiple intelligences theory, and brain-based learning. For each theory, it describes the key ideas, how it relates to classroom instruction, and potential critiques. The theories range from early behaviorist ideas focusing on observable behaviors to more modern constructivist theories emphasizing that knowledge is actively constructed and learning is contextual and social.
Behaviourism
Behaviourism was an influential theory of learning in the 1940s-1950s that viewed language development as the formation of habits through imitation and practice. B.F. Skinner's work with operant conditioning chambers demonstrated that behaviors are shaped through reinforcement or discouragement. Traditional behaviourism hypothesized that children learn language by imitating others and being positively reinforced through praise for their attempts. The environment plays a key role by providing consistency in reinforcement to shape a child's language behaviors.
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Behaviorism is a learning theory that explains learning as responses to external stimuli through classical and operant conditioning without consideration of mental states. Key people associated with behaviorism include John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, E.L. Thorndike, and Ivan Pavlov who is famous for classical conditioning experiments with dogs. In the classroom, behaviorism implies that teachers create specific behaviors in students through positive and negative reinforcement like rewards and punishments, which can now incorporate technology tools.
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Materialism is the view that only matter is real and that everything, including the mind, can be explained through physics and chemistry. It is opposed to idealism and claims that only things that can be observed through the senses or experiments are part of reality. Materialists believe that matter, its motions, and properties make up the ultimate nature of all things and that there is no supernatural or spiritual reality. Modern forms of materialism, like mechanistic materialism, view everything, including humans and thought, as simply matter in motion governed by physical laws, reducing mind to the physical workings of the body. New materialism rejects the idea that everything is based on strict physical laws and direct contact, believing instead that mind and body are identical
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Behaviorism is a learning perspective that focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. It claims that all actions are behaviors that can be influenced and shaped through stimuli and consequences in the environment. Some key influences on behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. In education, behaviorism emphasizes using rewards systems and positive or negative reinforcement to encourage good behaviors in students. Teachers can also use technology to create variety and virtual learning experiences.
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. Some key aspects of Skinner's work include:
- He focused on observable behavior and studied how environmental consequences shape behavior through reinforcement or punishment.
- He conducted experiments using operant conditioning techniques like positive reinforcement and schedules of reinforcement.
- His theory of operant conditioning differed from Thorndike and Hull's theories in that he took a strictly descriptive approach rather than an explanatory one.
- Skinner's research influenced psychology for decades and contributed to behavior modification techniques, but he was also criticized for his extreme behaviorism and narrow focus on observable behavior only.
Behaviourism 2011 version
The document provides an overview of behaviourism in psychology. It discusses the key figures of Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner and their major contributions. Behaviourism rejected unobservable mental events and focused on observable stimuli and responses that could be scientifically studied. While behaviourism was highly influential for decades, its dominance has declined as other approaches in psychology emerged that considered additional factors beyond direct environmental influences.
slides on B. F. Skinner's main tents
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of behaviorism. He believed that human behavior is shaped by environmental influences and consequences. Skinner's major works explored how positive and negative reinforcement can influence behavior. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviors by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement increases behaviors by removing unpleasant stimuli. Skinner's theory of behaviorism had a significant impact on psychology and education.
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The document summarizes several theories of learning and instruction including behaviorism, cognitivism, social learning theory, social constructivism, multiple intelligences theory, and brain-based learning. For each theory, it describes the key ideas, how it relates to classroom instruction, and potential critiques. The theories range from early behaviorist ideas focusing on observable behaviors to more modern constructivist theories emphasizing that knowledge is actively constructed and learning is contextual and social.
Behaviourism
Behaviourism was an influential theory of learning in the 1940s-1950s that viewed language development as the formation of habits through imitation and practice. B.F. Skinner's work with operant conditioning chambers demonstrated that behaviors are shaped through reinforcement or discouragement. Traditional behaviourism hypothesized that children learn language by imitating others and being positively reinforced through praise for their attempts. The environment plays a key role by providing consistency in reinforcement to shape a child's language behaviors.
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This document outlines several major theories of learning in psychology, including:
1) Behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning.
2) Cognitivism, which views learning as connecting symbols mentally.
3) Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of models.
4) Social Constructivism, where knowledge is actively constructed through social and contextualized processes.
5) Multiple Intelligences Theory, which proposes individuals possess different types of intelligences.
6) Brain-Based Learning, which is informed by neuroscience and principles like emotional engagement.
The document compares key aspects of each theory and critiques their implications for classroom practice.
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1) The document outlines several theories of learning including classical conditioning by Pavlov involving associating a neutral stimulus with a reflex, operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement of behaviors, social learning by Bandura involving observational learning, and insightful learning involving problem solving.
2) Clinical applications of these theories include the development of fears through classical conditioning, using reinforcement schedules in token economies for behavior modification, and making diagnoses through selectively encoding, comparing, and combining information.
3) Other concepts discussed include latent learning, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development involving learning with guidance, and Lewin's field theory emphasizing the interaction between individuals and their environment in influencing behavior.
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Cognitivist learning theory focuses on how people actively construct knowledge through thinking rather than passively receiving it. It differs from behaviorism in that it emphasizes the role of cognitive processes like problem solving, memory, and language processing in learning. Key contributors to cognitivism developed theories about how knowledge is organized and processed in the brain, such as dual coding theory, schema theory, Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive domains. Cognitivism supports the use of interactive tools and visual aids to engage students in applying and building upon their existing knowledge through higher-order thinking.
Behaviorism Powerpoint
This document discusses the theory of behaviorism. It explains that behaviorism focuses on how environmental stimuli shape observable behaviors through conditioning principles without regard to mental processes. The two types of conditioning are operant conditioning, where behaviors are reinforced or punished, and classical conditioning, where a reflex response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus. Key figures who contributed to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. The document also provides examples of how teachers can apply behaviorism in their classrooms through reinforcement and punishment.
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The document discusses several theories of learning, including:
1) Behaviorist theories proposed by Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner which view learning as stimulus-response associations that are reinforced through repetition.
2) Constructivist theories which see learning as an active process where learners construct new understanding based on their existing knowledge and experiences.
3) Social constructivism and theorists like Vygotsky who emphasized that learning occurs through social interaction and collaboration with others.
4) Evidence from cognitive development and neuroscience that supports constructivist and social constructivist views of learning from an early age.
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The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his behaviorist perspective. Operant conditioning examines how voluntary behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Skinner believed behaviors that are reinforced through positive consequences will increase, while behaviors that face negative consequences will decrease. His work influenced the development of direct instruction and how instructional technology is now used in classrooms.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that learning is based on consequences and that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning built upon Thorndike's law of effect and introduced the concept of reinforcement. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by environmental consequences and can be used to shape behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theory has influenced instructional methods like direct instruction and the use of technology in education.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. He believed that learning is based on consequences and that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on reinforcement and punishment. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning built upon Thorndike's law of effect and introduced the concept of reinforcement. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by environmental consequences and can be used to shape behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theory has influenced instructional methods like direct instruction and the use of technology in education.
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B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who developed a theory of behaviorism called "Radical behaviorism". Radical behaviorism views behavior as being shaped by environmental consequences like reinforcement or punishment, rather than internal mental states or cognitions. As the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard, Skinner argued that behavior is a function of an individual's history of reinforcement, and he developed applied behavior analysis techniques to modify behavior through reinforcement principles.
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B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning. He invented the Skinner box to study behavior through positive and negative reinforcement. Using hungry rats in the Skinner box, Skinner found that they would learn to press a lever for food pellets, showing how positive reinforcement strengthens behaviors. Based on his experiments, Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, which argues that behaviors are shaped by their consequences in the environment rather than free will.
Behaviorism- report
Behaviorism is a learning theory that focuses on observable behaviors and discounts mental processes. It proposes that learning occurs through conditioning, where behaviors become associated with environmental stimuli through reinforcement or punishment. There are two types of conditioning: classical and operant. Classical conditioning involves associating a reflex with a stimulus, while operant conditioning uses reinforcement to shape behaviors. Prominent behaviorists like Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner conducted experiments and developed theories around behavioral conditioning and its implications for teaching. In classrooms, behaviorism can be applied through operant conditioning techniques like rewarding positive behaviors and punishing negative ones to modify student learning and conduct.
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Utilitarian
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that produces more good than bad for the majority involved.
Cons - So long as a decision creates a benefit for most, Utilitarianism is not concerned with the minority.
Example – I won the lottery. I wanted to take my family on a vacation. I allowed them to have input as to where they would like to go. The majority chose the Bahamas, while one member chose Alaska, as she doesn’t like the hot weather. We ended up going to the Bahamas, which most of us were happy with.
Egoism
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that produces the greatest benefits for the individual.
Cons – So long as a decision creates a benefit for the individual, Egoism is not concerned with the majority.
Example –I decided to take a new job. My previous employment paid well, but I found the duties boring and tedious. I have a family of four who depends solely on my paycheck. The new job pays considerably less, but I am happier in my work.
Deontology
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that adheres to the duty, law or rule.
Cons – So long as a decision is made to adhere to duty, law, or rule, Deontology is not concerned with personal or social measures of morality.
Example – I noticed my coworker, John, leaving work 30 minutes before we closed every day, while the rest us stayed until the end of our shift. John explained that he was a single father and needed to pick his children up from school, as there was no one else to help him. I reported John to my boss, as that is what we are told to do when a coworker is violating any of the policies in the employee handbook.
Relativism
Description - Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is relative to the norms of one's culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.
Cons – So long as a decision is made to adhere to the culture’s norms, Relativism is not concerned with individual moral beliefs for the social norm.
Example – I drive on the right side of the road in accordance with the law. I went to London and quickly realized that driving on the right side of the road was unacceptable and illegal. What was lawful in the United States was a violation in another country.
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Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that treats everyone fairly unless there is a sufficient reason to treat anyone (or anything) unequally.
Cons – The definitions of fairness are ...
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The document discusses several theories of learning, including:
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- Cognitive learning theory, which views learning as the process of connecting symbols in a meaningful way, as seen in Bruner's discovery learning and Ausubel's meaningful verbal learning.
- Social learning theory, developed by Bandura, which proposes that learning occurs through observation and imitation of models.
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1) The document outlines several theories of learning including classical conditioning by Pavlov involving associating a neutral stimulus with a reflex, operant conditioning by Skinner involving reinforcement of behaviors, social learning by Bandura involving observational learning, and insightful learning involving problem solving.
2) Clinical applications of these theories include the development of fears through classical conditioning, using reinforcement schedules in token economies for behavior modification, and making diagnoses through selectively encoding, comparing, and combining information.
3) Other concepts discussed include latent learning, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development involving learning with guidance, and Lewin's field theory emphasizing the interaction between individuals and their environment in influencing behavior.
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Behaviorism Powerpoint
This document discusses the theory of behaviorism. It explains that behaviorism focuses on how environmental stimuli shape observable behaviors through conditioning principles without regard to mental processes. The two types of conditioning are operant conditioning, where behaviors are reinforced or punished, and classical conditioning, where a reflex response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus. Key figures who contributed to behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura. The document also provides examples of how teachers can apply behaviorism in their classrooms through reinforcement and punishment.
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The document discusses several theories of learning, including:
1) Behaviorist theories proposed by Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner which view learning as stimulus-response associations that are reinforced through repetition.
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3) Social constructivism and theorists like Vygotsky who emphasized that learning occurs through social interaction and collaboration with others.
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There are a number of different types of ethical reasoning. If we think about the complexities of our decision-making process, it only makes sense that each of us grounds our thoughts and actions with different priorities in mind. For our purposes, we will be addressing five key concepts in the ethical reasoning realm. Below, you will find a synopsis of each type:
Utilitarian
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that produces more good than bad for the majority involved.
Cons - So long as a decision creates a benefit for most, Utilitarianism is not concerned with the minority.
Example – I won the lottery. I wanted to take my family on a vacation. I allowed them to have input as to where they would like to go. The majority chose the Bahamas, while one member chose Alaska, as she doesn’t like the hot weather. We ended up going to the Bahamas, which most of us were happy with.
Egoism
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that produces the greatest benefits for the individual.
Cons – So long as a decision creates a benefit for the individual, Egoism is not concerned with the majority.
Example –I decided to take a new job. My previous employment paid well, but I found the duties boring and tedious. I have a family of four who depends solely on my paycheck. The new job pays considerably less, but I am happier in my work.
Deontology
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that adheres to the duty, law or rule.
Cons – So long as a decision is made to adhere to duty, law, or rule, Deontology is not concerned with personal or social measures of morality.
Example – I noticed my coworker, John, leaving work 30 minutes before we closed every day, while the rest us stayed until the end of our shift. John explained that he was a single father and needed to pick his children up from school, as there was no one else to help him. I reported John to my boss, as that is what we are told to do when a coworker is violating any of the policies in the employee handbook.
Relativism
Description - Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is relative to the norms of one's culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.
Cons – So long as a decision is made to adhere to the culture’s norms, Relativism is not concerned with individual moral beliefs for the social norm.
Example – I drive on the right side of the road in accordance with the law. I went to London and quickly realized that driving on the right side of the road was unacceptable and illegal. What was lawful in the United States was a violation in another country.
Justice
Description – Ethical concept that deems the right course of action is the one that treats everyone fairly unless there is a sufficient reason to treat anyone (or anything) unequally.
Cons – The definitions of fairness are ...
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The document discusses the philosophical enterprise and defines philosophy. It outlines that philosophy begins with questioning and the desire to understand one's identity. The document then presents the three disciplines of philosophy: 1) the discipline of questioning, which initiates philosophy through asking questions about oneself, 2) the discipline of liberation, which frees one from unquestioned conformity, and 3) the discipline of personhood, where each individual must philosophize to know and improve themselves. The goal of these disciplines is to philosophize through diversity rather than conformity and live a more meaningful life through questioning and liberation from ignorance.
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The document discusses several theories of learning, including:
- Behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and is exemplified by Pavlov's classical conditioning and Skinner's operant conditioning.
- Cognitive learning theory, which views learning as the process of connecting symbols in a meaningful way, as seen in Bruner's discovery learning and Ausubel's meaningful verbal learning.
- Social learning theory, developed by Bandura, which proposes that learning occurs through observation and imitation of models.
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Introductory Psychology: Learning Part II (Operant)
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Ethical ReasoningThere are a number of different types of ethica.docx
Ethical ReasoningThere are a number of different types of ethica.docx
Social Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology
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This document appears to be about nuclear bunkers and fallout shelters from the Cold War era, as it mentions items like the Royal Observer Corps badge and bomb power indicators. It also compares bunkers for rich and poor families, with one being simply under the stairs, showing that bunkers came in various forms for different economic classes during fears of nuclear attack.
Managment pro
Jacob Kounin was an educational psychologist and classroom management theorist. He studied classroom behavior and developed principles for managing student behavior and movement in the classroom. Some of his key principles included with-it-ness, where the teacher is aware of what all students are doing; overlapping, where the teacher attends to multiple events at once; and momentum, where lessons are kept moving with smooth transitions to maintain student engagement. Kounin's work emphasized the importance of actively involving all students, addressing misbehaviors promptly, and designing engaging lesson plans to minimize off-task behavior.
Fateh reflection
Fateh Saleh reflects on a classroom management project done in a group. The group divided up tasks, with Fateh researching and selecting pictures for a visual aid. Members communicated over email and met online to discuss their presentations. Through studying theory, the group learned how positive reinforcement of good behaviors and involvement in group work can help decrease student misbehavior more than punishment alone.
Choice theory
Choice theory states that students should have a say in how their classroom is run and what they learn. It focuses on building strong relationships between students and teachers. William Glasser developed choice theory and control theory, which explains that all behavior is a choice to meet basic psychological needs. Choice theory impacts classrooms by having students participate in rule-making and choosing curriculum and instructional methods. It advocates for non-coercive discipline through student-teacher contracts where students take responsibility for misbehavior and devise their own solutions.
جون++جون+..
Rudolf Dreikurs developed Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a method called logical consequences. This approach helps understand child behavior and encourages cooperation without punishment. Dreikurs identified four common goals of misbehavior in children: seeking attention, asserting power, taking revenge, and displaying inadequacy. Teachers can help children change these mistaken goals by understanding the goal, involving the child in solving problems, and applying logical consequences rather than punishment.
Zhra reflection
The student worked in a group on a class project about behavior modification. They divided the work among group members, with each person completing an assigned part and sharing it with others. The group met online to divide tasks and then met in person after each step to discuss progress. In the last online meeting before the presentation, they finalized the PowerPoint details. The student's contribution was researching and summarizing principles of behavior modification. Based on what was learned, the student plans to use reinforcement strategies and rewards in their future teaching career to encourage positive behavior.
The use of technology in science and technology 2
Researchers in Turkey investigated students' perspectives on using technology in science and technology classrooms. They surveyed 4th and 5th grade students from private, high-resource public, and low-resource public schools. The researchers found that students in private schools generally had more positive views of how technology supports learning, expands research abilities, enhances attention, and improves understanding compared to students in public schools, especially those with fewer resources. Overall, the study concluded that technology use in the classrooms promotes successful and engaging learning when properly implemented.
Preservice teacher’s preceptions of including students with disabilities
The document summarizes a study that examined pre-service teachers' perceptions of including students with disabilities in their classrooms. The study surveyed 326 pre-service teachers before and after completing a course on teaching exceptional students. It found that both general education and special education pre-service teachers became slightly more receptive to teaching students with disabilities after the course. However, most teachers remained neutral in their perceptions. The researchers concluded that pre-service teacher education programs should provide more practical experiences like visits to special education schools to help shape perceptions.
Sara reflection
1) Jacob Kounin's theory of classroom management emphasizes the importance of organization, planning, teacher involvement, and keeping students actively engaged.
2) Key components of Kounin's theory include withitness, overlapping, momentum, smoothness, and group alerting which help teachers maintain control and keep lessons moving efficiently.
3) The document then discusses a group project applying Kounin's theory, where members researched different components and created a presentation to explain the theory and its usefulness for teachers.
Masooma Reflection
The student worked on a classroom management project with a cooperative group. The group divided tasks, set meeting times, and worked together to complete their tasks on time. The student contributed by researching and presenting on the importance of classroom management theory and how it can be applied in the classroom. The student reflected that learning about Skinner's theory of behaviorism was beneficial, as it can help teachers control student behavior to create an orderly learning environment.
Cl project huda
Huda Madan used cooperative learning strategies in her primary school classes. She had students work in small, homogeneous groups on projects. The groups planned their own projects over 2-3 weeks. Each group worked collaboratively in class and presented their final products. Madan found that students learned faster and more effectively through collaborative work, had better retention of the material, and enjoyed the learning experience more.
Zahraa presentation
This document summarizes a teacher's strategy for teaching. It includes sections on the teacher's resume, philosophy of teaching, classroom environment setup, student work displays, definitions of art education, cooperative learning approaches, spaces for different group sizes, programs for gifted students, encouraging student artwork and participation in activities. The overall presentation highlights the teacher's commitment and creativity in engaging students in learning.
Research question project ppt
1. The document summarizes research on teacher perceptions of Arab parental involvement in elementary schools. Surveys were administered to 132 teachers and interviews were conducted with 39 Arab mothers.
2. Key findings from the teacher surveys included perceptions that language barriers and lack of understanding of the US education system hindered Arab parental involvement, but that involvement would increase with ESL classes and translated materials. Teachers also felt more supported by administrators and efficacious in their teaching when they used culturally-relevant practices.
3. The interviews with Arab mothers revealed that most valued ESL classes and information on US laws and culture. Mothers and teachers differed somewhat on what types of parental involvement programs and information would be most useful.
Research project ppt
The document summarizes a study that surveyed 130 newly admitted undergraduate teacher education students about their views on parent involvement in education. The survey aimed to understand students' memories of their own families' school involvement and how they conceptualize the roles of parents and teachers. It found that students viewed parent knowledge as long-term and individual while teacher knowledge was seen as professional and unbiased. Students anticipated doing more school-based parent involvement like conferences rather than community activities. The authors advocate giving greater attention to families in teacher education programs.
Research ppt
This document analyzes an article about the role of professional communities in action research. It discusses key concepts like communities of practice and situated learning theory. Professional communities can strengthen teacher professional learning by allowing teachers to share experiences, support each other's research, and disseminate knowledge. Developing professional communities involves cultivating joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and a shared repertoire among members.
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Behaviorism
- 1. Behaviorism From skinner’s thought Fatima Ali Masooma Alkhayat Zahra Ibrahim FatehSaleh
- 2. Skinner’s Background Name at birth: Burrhus Frederic Skinner. Born at 20th March 1904,at Pennsylvania .U.S. one of the 20th century's most famous psychologists, known especially for his emphasis on behaviourism.
- 4. Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971).
- 5. The novel Walden Two (1948).died at 18th August 1990 at the age of 86 .
- 10. How can we apply it in class? Setting rules and consequences “Reinforcement schedules “
- 12. Prompting “ cueing “
- 13. Prompting “ cueing “
- 16. Activity Listening to the rules Competition Choice Reward
- 17. Our Reflections Fatima Ali’s reflection Masooma Alkhayat’sreflection Zahra Ibrahim’s reflection FatehSaleh’sreflection
- 19. Estes,William k,1970,Learning Theory and mental Development, New York and London,Academic press.
- 20. Hayes, S.C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (2001) Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. Kluwer Academic: New York.
- 21. Miller, Katherine (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts (2nd ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.