Materialism is the view that only matter is real and that everything, including the mind, can be explained through physics and chemistry. It is opposed to idealism and claims that only things that can be observed through the senses or experiments are part of reality. Materialists believe that matter, its motions, and properties make up the ultimate nature of all things and that there is no supernatural or spiritual reality. Modern forms of materialism, like mechanistic materialism, view everything, including humans and thought, as simply matter in motion governed by physical laws, reducing mind to the physical workings of the body. New materialism rejects the idea that everything is based on strict physical laws and direct contact, believing instead that mind and body are identical

1. Materialism
Materialismisopposite viewof realityfromidealism. Actually itisnarrowerformof naturalism.
Materialismisagainstanyideaaboutsupernatural or spiritual reality.Asageneral claimmaterialist
believethatrealityisonlywhatcanbe investigated scientifically throughobservation,
experimentation.Matterwithitsmotionsand qualitiescanbe seenas the ultimate realityof all
things.Materialismdeniesthe realityof mind,reducingeverythingtomatter. The belief thatall
thingsincludingthe soul ismade outof atomsis existssince Socrates,DemocritusandLeucippus.The
ideaof the matteras onlyrealityexistsince Epicurushe concludedthat there canbe no life after
deathso he was suggestingtoeat,drinkandmerry.Modernphilosophyespeciallyafterthe Newton’s
Three Laws of motiontookseveral forms.One whichisveryinterestingandat the same time
harshestismechanisticmaterialism.Mechanisticmaterialismhas aview of manand everythingelse
as machine.Byfinite numberof fixedphysical lawsmodernmaterialistsbelievedthateverythingis
reducible tomatterandmotionandlocatedinspace andtime.In orderto provide betterexplanation
why mechanics materialismtookshape Iwill write Newton’s firstlawsof motion„A bodyremainsat
restor inthe motion witha constantvelocityunlessactedonbyan outside fore.“Everythingin
universe is matterinmotion andit’sgoverned bymechanisticlaws,thenso itisman. Veryimportant
philosopherisalsoLa Mettrie like otherbefore himhe wasarguingforpurelymaterialisticbasisof
humanconsciousness.Thoughts,sensations,andemotionsare all amatterof organs,nerves,
impulsesandthe like.Onsuchview,assomeone hassaid„the brainsecretesthoughtsinthe same
waythat liversecretes bile!“Itisalsoveryimportanttomention„new materialism“.New
materialismisnotbasedon„billiardball“model of the universe thateverythingisbasedonstrict
physical lawsanddirector indirectphysical contact. New materialismbelievesthatmindandbody
are identical andthere came the major criticism.Majorcritics’ on materialistview is„Ican be
blamed,butcan mybody byblamed“or„I can be religious,butcanmybodybe religious“.