This document provides an overview of health behavior and related concepts. It discusses how human behavior is motivated and influenced by multiple factors including culture. Health behavior can be divided into two types - compliance behavior, which moves toward a desired action like exercise, and avoidant behavior, which moves away from undesired situations like smoking. Regular and one-time behaviors are also described. Cognitive dissonance and factors that influence behavior like knowledge, beliefs, and community resources are examined. Desirable health behaviors for different groups like those at high risk or recovering from treatment are outlined. The educational domains of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor knowledge as they relate to health are defined.

1. Health Promotion
And
Health Education
DR NATASHA K (MBBS, MPH, PHD FELLOW)
ASST PROF BUHS
DRNATASHA1976@GMAIL.COM

2. Lecture 6
HEALTH BEHAVIOUR
2

3. DESCRIPTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
1. Human behavior is motivated
motivation – driving force behind all action of an organism
2. Human behavior has multiple causes.
- Influenced by culture
3. Human behavior can be adaptive and maladaptive
• Human are social beings
• Any person depend upon each other for survival
• People need interaction
3. People play an integral part in creating their experience
4. Human lives are continuous process of change.
5. Every person is different yet the same.
6. Individual is a unique person.
3

4. ***Health Behaviour
 Health behaviour:
Desire health or health related behaviour may be
divided into two types
1. A) Compliance B) Avoidant
2. A) Regular B) Once
4

5. Health Behaviour
Desire health or health related behaviour may be divided into two types
(1) Compliance behaviour (2) Avoidant behaviour.
 Compliance behaviour is a result of motives that move towards a desire action. For
example accepting immunization, introducing bearning foods exercising, brushing
teeth, bathing etc. are compliance behaviour.
5
 Avoidant behaviour is a result of motives that move away from disliked or feared
situation.
Stopping the use of cigarettes, the intake of fatty food and drinking unsafe water are
examples of avoidant behaviour conductive to health.
Some types of avoidant behaviour is the result of motive moving against situations or
persons aggressively. For instance boycotting adulterated or unsafe food vendors,
refusing to admit unimmunized children to school are examples of the latter type of
avoidant behaviour.

6. Health behavior
A) Regular or continuous
B) Once
Health behaviour which is desire may be a one time
behaviour like being vasectomies or may be repeated
actions, which are part of ones life style, like eating,
sleeping and recreation pattern.
6

7. Cognitive dissonance
 is the conflict that arises within an individual, when he is
induced to behave in a way that conflicts with the beliefs
and values held by him.
 It is natural for an individual to reduce the conflict and the
intervention of an educator at this point will serve two
purposes.
 The first is that dissonance conflict is in the direction of belief
change rather than renouncing the behaviour accepted.
 Secondly such intervention will maximize the degree and
permanence of change.
7

8. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR
 Predisposing factors are those antecedents to behavior that provide the rationale or
motivation for the behavior.
 Enabling factors are the antecedents to behavior that enable a motivation to be
realized.
 Reinforcing factors are factors subsequent to a behavior that provide the continuing
reward or incentive for the behavior and contribute to its persistence or repetition.
8
3

9. Health Education attempts..
 Direct communications to the target population to
strengthen the predisposing factors.
 Indirect communications through parents, teachers,
clergy, community leaders, employers, peers, and others
to strengthen the reinforcing factors.
 Community organization, political interventions, and
training to strengthen the enabling factors.
9
5

10. APPLICATION OF THE MODEL
Predisposing factors:
Knowledge
Beliefs
Values
Attitudes
Confidence
Enabling factors:
Availability of
health resources
Accessibility of
health resources
Community/government
laws, priority, and
Commitment to health
Health-related skills
Reinforcing factors:
Family
Peers
Teachers
Employers
Health providers
Community leaders
Decision makers
Specific
behavior by
individuals
or by
organizations
Environment
(conditions
Of living)
Health
1
6
5
2
7
4
3
9
8 10
12
11
4
10

11. Desirable Health behaviour and categories
of people.
Desirable health behaviour may concern different groups of
healthy people who require to promote their health and
prevent diseases.
11
Health behaviour which is desire may be
 a one time behaviour like being
vasectomies
or may be
 repeated actions, which are part of
ones life style, like eating, sleeping and
recreation pattern.

12. Desirable Health behaviour and categories
of people.
 Asymptomatic but high risk people-
people with history of diseases, obese persons.
 Patients with medical diagnosis following treatment orders.
 Patients recovering following treatment plans for
rehabilitation.
 Persons behaving on behalf of others Mothers for children,
wives for husbands, attendants for patients.
The above indicated category of people is the
target groups in whom desirable health behaviour is
expected. These groups are therefore the targets for
health education.
12

13. Motives and Behaviour
13

14. Motives and Behaviour
1. Significance of Health issue
2. Individual Interpretation
3. Cognitive dissonance between old and new concept
4. Social practice
5. Individual competence
6. Satisfaction
14

15. Motivators for Health Learning
PISA
15

16. PISA
 Perception : understand the health issue
eg. Immunization against TB/TT
 Interest to learn about problem and solution
eg. What is the benefit/ cost /threatening disease
 Significance to self and others
eg. to self to spouse to children
 Application of knowledge and adaption
Eg., Child EPI every birth
16

17. Pre requisite to desirable health behaviour
change
17

18. Pre requisite
1. Knowledge attitude skill
2. Role of social and physical environment
18

19. The Educational Domains
The Cognitive Domain The Affective Domain The
psychomotor Domain
(Knowledge) (Attitude) (Skill / Practical)
19

20. Reference Books
 A Text Book of Health Education (Philosophy
and Principles) by Hari Bhakta Pradhan,
Educational Resources for Health,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
 Introduction to Behavioral Science by S.
Aminul Islam et al. The University Press
Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
 Behavioral Science by Prof M.D. Hussain,
Bangladesh
 Foundations and Principles of Health
Education by Nicholas Galli, University of
Illinois, Illinois
20

21. questionsWritten
 Define Motive. What are the types of ‘Motive’?
 Can you explain biogenic and sociogenic motives with
example?
 Define ‘Motivation’.
 Explain Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory
 Write briefly the developmental stages according to Erikson
 Discuss the degree of needs according to Maslow.
 What are the factors for Motivation?
 What do you understand by internalizing Incentives?
 What do you understand by ‘Health behaviour’, explain the
types. What factors influence Health Behaviour?
 Write something about the desirable health behaviour and
categories of people.
 What is ‘Attitude’? What are the components?
 What do you understand by ‘Change Process’? Explain
 What are the models of Change Process? Discuss them
 What are the resistance to change?
 Define ‘Adoption’? what are the factors affecting adoption?
 Discuss the categories of adopter
21

22. Thank you