bebang powerpoint demo.pptx
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The document provides instructions for cleft grafting. It begins with the objectives of identifying grafting materials, following cleft grafting steps, performing cleft grafting, and understanding advantages and disadvantages. It then defines grafting as asexual plant propagation combining parts of two plants. The advantages include propagating plants that do not root from cuttings, using superior root systems, and changing varieties. Disadvantages include additional costs and potential incompatibility. The steps of cleft grafting are described as selecting rootstock and scion, removing leaves, cutting and splitting the rootstock, wedge cutting the scion, inserting the scion into the cleft, and securing it tightly. Assessment criteria include proper tool use, safety, speed
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Multiplication of plants which are very difficult to propagate by cuttings or other traditional methods.
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Seeds can be germinated with no risk of damping off/ predation.
Under certain conditions, plant material can be stored in vitro for considerable periods of time with little or no maintenance
Tissue culture techniques are used for virus eradication, genetic manipulation, somatic hybridization and other procedures that benefit propagation, crop improvement, and basic research.
By means of tissue culture it is possible to produce pathogen free plantlets by mass multiplication in a very limited amount of area from a very small sterile part of a mother plant. This method is also used to produce/ multiply plants that are to be transported across national border and so for their faster multiplication.But the establishment of a tissue culturing unit needs huge financial investments, skilled labors/technicians and required areas for its establishment are major constraints. Plant tissues grow and multiply in the labs only when there is an uncompetitive, growing condition with uninterrupted supply of nutrients.
Medium:
It contains all the elements that contribute the required nutrients that aid to the growth of the tissues; it is in liquid state or semi-solid in nature. The tissues are grown on the media. It consists of 95% of water, major and minor nutrients, plant growth hormones, vitamins, sugar rich compounds and chelating agents.
Totipotency:
It is the ability of a tissue or an organ of a plant to produce the whole plant, under the optional laboratory conditions and this is called as Totipotency. This is the baseline over which plant tissue culture relies upon.
Callus Culture:
When the cells divide into an undifferentiated mass it is called as callus. Any part of a plant can be used to produce the calli. It may be a stem, leaf, meristem or any other part. It is used to produce variations among the plantlets.
Suspension culture:
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Embryo Culture:
The method of culturing mature and immature embryos in media is called embryo culture. By this method, it is possible to produce plants from dormant seeds and seeds with metabolites that inhibit germination. This method is very important in crop improvement programs.
Somatic Embryogenesis:
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Single cell culture
• As stated earlier, cells derived from a single cell through mitosis constitute a clone and the process of obtaining clones is called cloning (asexual progeny of a single individual make up.
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Introduction
First proposed by Murashige in 1974, with successful production from different types of explants.
Artificially produced by encapsulating plant tissues in a suitable matrix.
They can be used for mass propagation, germplasm conservation, and genetic transformation of various plants.
Advantages include production of uniform, disease-free plants, reduced cultivation time and cost, preservation of genetic diversity, and international germplasm exchange.
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Desiccated Synthetic Seed
Hydrated Synthetic Seed
Procedure for Production of Synthetic Seed
Explant Selection
1. Somatic Embryos
2. Shoot Buds
3. Axillary Buds
4. Cell Aggregates
5. Protoplasts
Matrix Composition
1. The concentration of the encapsulating agent
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Encapsulation methods for Synthetic seed
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This is the quick method of artificial seed production
Alginate solution with embryo is feed from supply tank
Alginate capsules were planted in speeding trays using a vacuum seeder.
The capsules are planted in the field using a stanhay planter
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Advantages of Synthetic Seed
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Variability in germination and conversion rates can affect efficiency and reliability. Optimization of protocols for each plant species and synthetic seed type is necessary.
Risk of microbial contamination during encapsulation, storage, or germination can affect quality and performance. Use of sterile techniques and appropriate additives is required.
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Agriculture laws regulations Term Paper Tutors.pdf
Agriculture laws regulations Term Paper Tutors.pdfNeed Help With Your Assignments Or Essays?|| Hire Us Today||Email US: Homework1078@gmail.com
This document provides a study guide with 16 multiple choice questions related to agriculture laws and regulations. The questions cover topics like components of ecosystems, drawbacks of lethal-dose response curves, types of pesticides, importance of considering pesticide mode of action, responsibilities for crop losses from improper pesticide use, characteristics of agroecosystems, uses of knockdown techniques, trophic levels in ecosystems, factors that can cause crop disease, integrated pest management practices, pesticide residue tolerances, bioaccumulation, uses of field trials, and how presence-absence sampling improves efficiency. The document instructs the reader to find the correct answers in materials provided and identify where the answers can be found.Different types of Explants in Tissue Culture.pptx
Much faster rates of growth can be induced in vitro than by traditional means.
Multiplication of plants which are very difficult to propagate by cuttings or other traditional methods.
Production of large numbers of genetically identical clones in a short time
Seeds can be germinated with no risk of damping off/ predation.
Under certain conditions, plant material can be stored in vitro for considerable periods of time with little or no maintenance
Tissue culture techniques are used for virus eradication, genetic manipulation, somatic hybridization and other procedures that benefit propagation, crop improvement, and basic research.
By means of tissue culture it is possible to produce pathogen free plantlets by mass multiplication in a very limited amount of area from a very small sterile part of a mother plant. This method is also used to produce/ multiply plants that are to be transported across national border and so for their faster multiplication.But the establishment of a tissue culturing unit needs huge financial investments, skilled labors/technicians and required areas for its establishment are major constraints. Plant tissues grow and multiply in the labs only when there is an uncompetitive, growing condition with uninterrupted supply of nutrients.
Medium:
It contains all the elements that contribute the required nutrients that aid to the growth of the tissues; it is in liquid state or semi-solid in nature. The tissues are grown on the media. It consists of 95% of water, major and minor nutrients, plant growth hormones, vitamins, sugar rich compounds and chelating agents.
Totipotency:
It is the ability of a tissue or an organ of a plant to produce the whole plant, under the optional laboratory conditions and this is called as Totipotency. This is the baseline over which plant tissue culture relies upon.
Callus Culture:
When the cells divide into an undifferentiated mass it is called as callus. Any part of a plant can be used to produce the calli. It may be a stem, leaf, meristem or any other part. It is used to produce variations among the plantlets.
Suspension culture:
The callus produced from the explants are grown on nutrient solutions (that are semi solid) for a period of time and they are induced to produce plants with new traits.
Embryo Culture:
The method of culturing mature and immature embryos in media is called embryo culture. By this method, it is possible to produce plants from dormant seeds and seeds with metabolites that inhibit germination. This method is very important in crop improvement programs.
Somatic Embryogenesis:
When the plants are grown on nutrient media, calli are formed. When these calli are subjected to growth in cytokinin medium, somatic embryos are formed. They are circular, elongated,
Single cell culture
• As stated earlier, cells derived from a single cell through mitosis constitute a clone and the process of obtaining clones is called cloning (asexual progeny of a single individual make up.
ideotype in rice .pptx
The term ideotype was introduced by Colin Malcolm Donald (1968)
He defined it as a biological model, which is expected to perform or behave in a predictable manner within a defined environment.
In ideotype breeding, goals are specified for each trait, resulting in a description of a model plant for the traits of interest (Rasmusson, 1987).
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Agriculture laws regulations Term Paper Tutors.pdf
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Different types of Explants in Tissue Culture.pptx
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- 1. at the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: a. identify materials for grafting; b. follow the steps in cleft grafting; c. perform cleft grafting; d. appreciate advantages and disadvantages of grafting. OBJECTIVES
- 3. Grafting is a method of asexual propagation combining a scion of one plant to the stock of another plant.
- 4. This technique is use to propagate plant that 1.does not root well from cutting. 2.Plant of the same species 3.Uses the superior root system of the other plant
- 5. 1.Additional cost 2.Graft is incompatible that appears to cause physiological disorders and reduction of yields, fruit quality and flower formation DISADVANTAGES
- 6. .change varieties or cultivars .take advantage of particular rootstock .repair damaged plants .reduce the incidence of pest and diseases .can reduce the use of Pesticides and maybe more likely to grow organically ADVANTAGES
- 7. 1.stock (which is as size of a pen) 2.Don’t forget safety measures 3.In grafting Sanitize ( self and materials) 4.Secure a healthy scion and make sure that the cambium layer of both scion and the stock is fitted to each other
- 8. 1. choose the rootstock and the scion 2. remove the leaves of the scion and rootstock 3. cut the top of the rootstock and slit it to form a cleft 4. make a wedge shape cut into the scion 5. insert the scion to the cleft of the rootstock (make it compatible) 6. cover the scion and part of rootstock with grafting tape or ice bag tightly Step by step instruction in cleft Grafting
- 9. CRITERIA PERCENT AGE 20% 10% 5% Proper use of tools and materials 20% Properly use tools and materials Some improper use of tools and materials Misuse of tools and materials Safety measures 20% Observe safety measures Somehow observe safety Doesn’t observe safety measures Speed and accuracy 15% Finished beforetime Finished on time Finished late or unfinished work Team work 40 Well coordinated group Some group discoordination Not coordinated group Total 100% RUBRIC FOR GRAFTING
- 10. I. ASSIGNMENT For your assignment, make a Group observation to your Grafted plant, write it on an index card you will be assessed according to your output