Title: Basic Networking Concepts Subtitle: A Comprehensive Overview of Network Devices and Configuration Your Name / Organization Slide 2: What is Networking? Definition of Networking Importance in modern computing Slide 3: Goals of Networking Resource sharing Communication Scalability Reliability Slide 4: Types of Networks PAN LAN MAN WAN Slide 5: Network Topologies Star Ring Bus Mesh Hybrid Slide 6: OSI Model Overview 7 Layers of OSI Model Purpose and importance Slide 7: OSI Layer Functions Application to Physical Layer brief Slide 8: TCP/IP Model Comparison with OSI Model Slide 9: Network Protocols TCP, IP, UDP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc. Slide 10: What are Network Devices? Purpose of network hardware Slide 11: Modem Role in converting digital and analog signals Slide 12: Router Routing packets between networks Slide 13: Switch Function in local network traffic management Slide 14: Hub Difference from a switch Slide 15: Access Point Connecting wireless devices to a wired network Slide 16: Network Interface Card (NIC) Hardware for network connectivity Slide 17: Repeater Signal amplification in long-distance transmissions Slide 18: Bridge Connecting multiple network segments Slide 19: Gateway Connecting dissimilar networks Slide 20: Firewall Network security barrier Slide 21: Load Balancer Distributing network or application traffic Slide 22: DNS Server Resolving domain names to IP addresses Slide 23: DHCP Server Automatic IP address assignment Slide 24: Proxy Server Mediating requests between clients and servers Slide 25: Network Cables Twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic Slide 26: Wireless Communication Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC Slide 27: IPv4 vs IPv6 Address formats, differences, and need for IPv6 Slide 28: IP Addressing Static vs dynamic IPs Slide 29: Subnetting Basics Concept and need for subnetting Slide 30: Subnet Mask Purpose and structure Slide 31: Default Gateway Role in sending traffic outside local subnet Slide 32: DNS Configuration Manual and automatic configuration Slide 33: DHCP Configuration Pool, lease, reservations Slide 34: NAT (Network Address Translation) Conserving public IPs and translating private IPs Slide 35: Port Forwarding Directing traffic to internal devices Slide 36: MAC Address Unique identifier for NICs Slide 37: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses

1. Basic Networking Concepts
A Comprehensive Overview of
Network Devices and Configuration

2. What is Networking?
• Networking refers to the interconnection of
computers and devices to share resources and
information. It is essential in modern
computing.

3. Goals of Networking
• 1. Resource sharing
• 2. Communication
• 3. Scalability
• 4. Reliability

4. Types of Networks
• 1. PAN - Personal Area Network
• 2. LAN - Local Area Network
• 3. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
• 4. WAN - Wide Area Network

5. Network Devices
• Common network devices include:
• - Router
• - Switch
• - Hub
• - Modem
• - Access Point

6. Router Example
• Routers connect different networks. For
example, a home router connects a local LAN
to the Internet.

7. Modem
• A modem modulates and demodulates signals
for digital data transmission over telephone
lines. It's commonly used in DSL connections.

8. Switch
• Switches forward data to specific devices on a
network using MAC addresses. They're used in
LANs for efficient communication.

9. Router
• Routers connect multiple networks and direct
traffic between them. Example: Home router
connecting to ISP.

10. Access Point
• An access point allows wireless devices to
connect to a wired network. It's used to
extend Wi-Fi coverage.

11. Network Interface Card (NIC)
• NICs are hardware components that allow
computers to connect to a network. They can
be wired or wireless.

12. Repeater
• A repeater regenerates and amplifies signals
to extend the range of a network. Useful in
long-distance communications.

13. Bridge
• A network bridge connects two network
segments, improving performance and
reducing traffic.

14. Gateway
• A gateway connects different network
architectures and protocols, acting as a
translator between them.

15. Firewall
• A firewall monitors and controls incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on security
rules.

16. Load Balancer
• A load balancer distributes traffic across
multiple servers to ensure no single server
becomes overwhelmed.

17. DNS Server
• DNS servers translate domain names into IP
addresses, allowing users to access websites
using human-readable names.

18. DHCP Server
• DHCP servers automatically assign IP
addresses and configuration details to devices
in a network.

19. Proxy Server
• A proxy server acts as an intermediary for
requests from clients seeking resources from
other servers.

20. Network Cables
• Types include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber
optic. Each serves different networking needs.

21. Wireless Communication
• Wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
and NFC allow devices to communicate
without physical connections.

22. IPv4 vs IPv6
• IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses
128-bit addresses. IPv6 supports a vastly
larger number of devices.

23. IP Addressing
• IP addresses can be static or dynamic. They
uniquely identify devices on a network.

24. Subnetting Basics
• Subnetting divides a network into smaller sub-
networks, improving efficiency and security.

25. Subnet Mask
• A subnet mask defines the network and host
portions of an IP address.

26. Default Gateway
• The default gateway is a router that forwards
traffic from a local network to other networks.

27. DNS Configuration
• Can be set manually or obtained automatically
via DHCP.

28. DHCP Configuration
• Includes IP pool definition, lease time, and
optional reservations.

29. NAT (Network Address Translation)
• NAT translates private IP addresses to a public
one for accessing the internet.

30. Port Forwarding
• Port forwarding allows external devices to
access services on a private network.

31. Ping & Traceroute
• Ping tests connectivity by sending ICMP
packets. Traceroute maps the path data takes
to reach a destination.

32. IP Configuration Commands
(Windows)
• Useful commands: ipconfig, netstat, nslookup.
Example: 'ipconfig /all' shows network
settings.

33. Firewall Configuration Basics
• Set up rules to allow or block traffic. Example:
Allow HTTP traffic on port 80 and block
unknown ports.

34. VLANs (Virtual LANs)
• VLANs logically divide networks, even over the
same physical switch. Example: Separate staff
and guest traffic.

35. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
• VPNs encrypt traffic for secure
communication. Example: Remote employee
accesses company network securely.

36. Wireless Security Protocols
• WEP, WPA, WPA2, and WPA3 protect Wi-Fi
networks. Example: WPA3 offers the best
encryption.

37. Basic Home Network Setup
• Example: Modem > Router > Switch > Devices.
Use DHCP for easy IP assignment.

38. Common Network Attacks
• Examples: DDoS, MITM, sniffing. Protect with
firewalls, encryption, IDS.

39. Preventing Network Attacks
• Use encryption, segmentation, strong
authentication. Example: Separate guest
network and strong WPA3.

40. Summary & Q&A
• We've covered basics, devices, configurations,
and security. What questions do you have?