This document discusses key concepts in object-oriented programming including classes, objects, data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and dynamic binding. It provides examples of each concept including how data abstraction works in mobile phones and encapsulation in connecting Bluetooth devices. The document also defines the different types of inheritance as single, multi-level, hierarchical, hybrid, and multiple inheritance. It concludes with a definition and examples of polymorphism and a quote by Bill Gates on the benefits of object-oriented programming.

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WITH REAL LIFE EXAMPLES
BASIC OOP
CONCEPTS
By
GROUP 2

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Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
• Classes
• Objects
• Data Abstraction
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Dynamic Binding
• Message passing
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Four pillars of OOP concept

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DATA ABSTRACTION
• Data Abstraction is the process of showcasing only
the required things to the outside world while hiding
the details.
• It is the most important pillar in OOPS.
• On using the example of mobiles ,
 While dialing some methods happen internally
which concatenate the numbers and displays it on
screen but what it is actually doing is unknown to us.
 Clicking on green button actual send signals to
calling person's mobile but we are unaware of how it 3

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• In classes , we can create methods that can
be called and used by the users of the class
but users will have no idea what these
methods do internally.
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ENCAPSULATION
• Data binding – binds data variables and
functions together in class.
• The data can be accessed only by the
functions within the class and not by the
outside world.
• It says how much access must be given to
particular details.
• This insulation of data is called data hiding/
information hiding.
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Example 1 – Mobile phones
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• When we switch on a Bluetooth,
we can connect to another
Bluetooth enabled device, but we
don’t have access to other mobile
features like dialing number,
accessing inbox etc.
• This is because Bluetooth has some
level of abstraction. Encapsulation
and abstraction go hand in hand.
• Similarly, when mobile A is
connected to mobile B and mobile
B is connected to mobile C via
Bluetooth , the A can’t connect to
C via B.

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Example 2 – Human body
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• Different body parts are bound to do
different functions.
• For example,
 Hands - Hold()
 Legs - Walk()
 Eyes - See()

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INHERITANCE
• Ability to extend the functionality from base
entity in new entity belonging to same group.
• Helps to reuse functionality.
• 5 types:
1. Single level inheritance
2. Multi-level inheritance
3. Hybrid inheritance
4. Hierarchal inheritance
5. Multiple inheritance
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Types Of Inheritance
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Single level inheritance Multi-level inheritance
• Single base class & a single
derived class.
• More than one single level of
derivation.

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Hierarchal level inheritance Hybrid inheritance
• Multiple derived class would be extended
from base class.
• Similar to single level inheritance.
• Single, Multilevel & hierarchal inheritance
all together construct a hybrid
inheritance.

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Multiple inheritance
Derived class will ex t en d from mu lt iple base
classes.
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POLYMORPHISM
• Polymorphism can be defined as the ability of using same
name for doing different things.
• Many forms of single entity.
• Let's consider our example, Samsung mobile has a 5MP
camera available i.e. – it is having a functionality of, say,
CameraClick(). Now same mobile is having Panorama mode
available in camera, so functionality would be same but with
mode. This type is said to be Static polymorphism or
Compile time polymorphism.
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• Another point where in function ,say, SendMessage()
was intended to send message to single person at a
time but suppose Nokia had given provision for
sending message to a group at once. i.e. - Overriding
the functionality to send message to a group. This
type is called Dynamic polymorphism or Runtime
polymorphism.
• For overriding you need to set the method, which can
be overridden to virtual & its new implementation
should be decorated with override keyword.
• By runtime polymorphism, we can point to any 13

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“
Another trick in software is to avoid rewriting
the software by using a piece that's already
been written, so called component approach
which the latest term for this in the most
advanced form is what's called Object
Oriented Programming.
- Bill Gates
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Thank You