The document discusses various types of electronic switches including toggle switches, DIP switches, push button switches, and membrane switches. It describes what each type of switch is used for, its basic configuration and operation, and provides examples of common applications. Toggle switches are classified by pole and throw configuration and can be either momentary or maintained contact. DIP switches allow configurable settings and are available in slide, piano, and rotary styles. Membrane switches are constructed of layered plastic films with printed circuits and provide durable user interfaces.
This document summarizes different types of switches, including mechanical and electronic switches. It describes mechanical switches such as single pole single throw (SPST), single pole double throw (SPDT), double pole single throw (DPST), double pole double throw (DPDT), push button, toggle, limit, float, flow, pressure, temperature, and joystick switches. It also briefly discusses electronic switches that use semiconductors like bipolar transistors, power diodes, MOSFETs, IGBTs, SCRs, TRIACs, DIACs, and GTO thyristors.
An elementary diagram (also called a schematic diagram) is defined as a diagram that shows in straight line form the detail wiring of the circuit and device elements without regard to physical relationships. These diagrams:
• are a development of some portions of the one-line diagram data
• provide supplemental wiring information that may not show on one-line
diagrams.
This document provides an overview of an anti-sleep alarm circuit project. It includes a circuit diagram, descriptions of the main components used including an IC555 timer, relay, push button switch, buzzer, resistor, capacitor, transistor and diode. It describes the power supply, including the transformer, rectifier and filter. It explains how the circuit operates to sound an alarm after a set time interval if the push button is not pressed. The conclusion states that the circuit can be used to automatically switch home appliances on and off to save time and electricity.
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an electrical circuit, interrupting the currentor diverting it from one conductor to another.The mechanism of a switch removes or restores the conducting path in a circuit
when it is operated. It may be operated manually, for example, a light switch or a keyboard button, may be operated by a moving
object such as a door, or may be operated by some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A switch will have one or more
sets of contacts, which may operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately. Switches in high-powered circuits must operate
rapidly to prevent destructive arcing, and may include special features to assist in rapidly interrupting a heavy current. Multiple forms
of actuators are used for operation by hand or to sense position, level, temperature or flow.Special types are used, for example, for control of machinery, to reverse electric motors, or to sense liquid level. Many specialized forms exist. A common use is control of
lighting, where multiple switches may be wired into one circuit to allow convenient control of light fixtures.
By analogy with the devices that select one or more possible paths for electric currents, devices that route information in a computer
network are also called "switches" - these are usually more complicated than simple electromechanical toggles or pushbutton devices, and operate without direct human interaction.
Connectors are used to connect electrical circuits through wires and cables. Permanent connections are made through soldering or crimping, while temporary connections use plugs and sockets. Key properties of connectors include being keyed to prevent incorrect insertion, locked to prevent accidental disconnection, and water or moisture resistant. Common connector types discussed are USB, audio, and power connectors. Switches are electromechanical devices that connect or disconnect circuits. Switches are classified based on the number of poles and throws, determining the number of connections that can be made. Examples given are SPST, SPDT, DPST, and DPDT switches.
In this presentation we discussed about of push button switches and its uses. If you are looking manufacturers of push button switches then you are feel free to visit to web portal of tradeindia where you can find all top class suppliers and exporters of push button switches.
Star-delta starters are commonly used to start 3-phase induction motors. They connect the motor in star configuration during starting for reduced voltage and current, then switch to delta configuration once the motor reaches operating speed. The starter uses contactors to switch between the star and delta configurations automatically. Star-delta starters are suitable for starting motors that are not heavily loaded during start up, as they provide lower starting torque than direct-on-line starting.
This document discusses different types of switches used to control electrical circuits. It introduces single pole single throw (SPST) switches, which have a single input and output contact to open or close a circuit, and single pole double throw (SPDT) switches, which have one input but two output circuits where only one is energized at a time. Some specific switch types covered include toggle switches, slide switches, rocker switches, momentary switches, ganged switches, mercury switches, electromagnetic switches, position switches, and pressure switches.
This document summarizes different types of switches, including mechanical and electronic switches. It describes mechanical switches such as single pole single throw (SPST), single pole double throw (SPDT), double pole single throw (DPST), double pole double throw (DPDT), push button, toggle, limit, float, flow, pressure, temperature, and joystick switches. It also briefly discusses electronic switches that use semiconductors like bipolar transistors, power diodes, MOSFETs, IGBTs, SCRs, TRIACs, DIACs, and GTO thyristors.
An elementary diagram (also called a schematic diagram) is defined as a diagram that shows in straight line form the detail wiring of the circuit and device elements without regard to physical relationships. These diagrams:
• are a development of some portions of the one-line diagram data
• provide supplemental wiring information that may not show on one-line
diagrams.
This document provides an overview of an anti-sleep alarm circuit project. It includes a circuit diagram, descriptions of the main components used including an IC555 timer, relay, push button switch, buzzer, resistor, capacitor, transistor and diode. It describes the power supply, including the transformer, rectifier and filter. It explains how the circuit operates to sound an alarm after a set time interval if the push button is not pressed. The conclusion states that the circuit can be used to automatically switch home appliances on and off to save time and electricity.
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an electrical circuit, interrupting the currentor diverting it from one conductor to another.The mechanism of a switch removes or restores the conducting path in a circuit
when it is operated. It may be operated manually, for example, a light switch or a keyboard button, may be operated by a moving
object such as a door, or may be operated by some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A switch will have one or more
sets of contacts, which may operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately. Switches in high-powered circuits must operate
rapidly to prevent destructive arcing, and may include special features to assist in rapidly interrupting a heavy current. Multiple forms
of actuators are used for operation by hand or to sense position, level, temperature or flow.Special types are used, for example, for control of machinery, to reverse electric motors, or to sense liquid level. Many specialized forms exist. A common use is control of
lighting, where multiple switches may be wired into one circuit to allow convenient control of light fixtures.
By analogy with the devices that select one or more possible paths for electric currents, devices that route information in a computer
network are also called "switches" - these are usually more complicated than simple electromechanical toggles or pushbutton devices, and operate without direct human interaction.
Connectors are used to connect electrical circuits through wires and cables. Permanent connections are made through soldering or crimping, while temporary connections use plugs and sockets. Key properties of connectors include being keyed to prevent incorrect insertion, locked to prevent accidental disconnection, and water or moisture resistant. Common connector types discussed are USB, audio, and power connectors. Switches are electromechanical devices that connect or disconnect circuits. Switches are classified based on the number of poles and throws, determining the number of connections that can be made. Examples given are SPST, SPDT, DPST, and DPDT switches.
In this presentation we discussed about of push button switches and its uses. If you are looking manufacturers of push button switches then you are feel free to visit to web portal of tradeindia where you can find all top class suppliers and exporters of push button switches.
Star-delta starters are commonly used to start 3-phase induction motors. They connect the motor in star configuration during starting for reduced voltage and current, then switch to delta configuration once the motor reaches operating speed. The starter uses contactors to switch between the star and delta configurations automatically. Star-delta starters are suitable for starting motors that are not heavily loaded during start up, as they provide lower starting torque than direct-on-line starting.
This document discusses different types of switches used to control electrical circuits. It introduces single pole single throw (SPST) switches, which have a single input and output contact to open or close a circuit, and single pole double throw (SPDT) switches, which have one input but two output circuits where only one is energized at a time. Some specific switch types covered include toggle switches, slide switches, rocker switches, momentary switches, ganged switches, mercury switches, electromagnetic switches, position switches, and pressure switches.
This document provides an overview of mechanical switches used in mechatronics. It describes different types of mechanical switches classified based on number of contacts and poles, including single pole single throw (SPST), single pole double throw (SPDT), double pole single throw (DPST), and double pole double throw (DPDT) switches. It also explains common switch types like push button and toggle switches, describing their basic operation and use in circuits.
The document is a research paper on electromagnetic relays. It discusses the history, basic design, operation, types, and applications of relays. Relays use electromagnets to mechanically operate switches in electric circuits. When a coil is energized or de-energized, it causes an armature to move and open or close one or more sets of contacts to control external circuits and devices. Common relay types include latching, reed, polarized, and ratchet relays. Relays are widely used to control electric circuits remotely in many applications like machines, vehicles, and electronics.
1. Electro-pneumatic control integrates pneumatic and electrical technologies. Solenoid valves are used as the interface between electrical and pneumatic systems, and devices like sensors provide feedback.
2. Seven basic electrical devices used in electro-pneumatics are listed as push button switches, limit switches, pressure switches, solenoids, relays, timers, and temperature switches. Proximity sensors and counters are also used.
3. Electro-pneumatic control involves three main steps - signal input devices generate signals, signal processing uses relays or PLCs, and signal outputs activate solenoids to control pneumatic valves and cylinders.
Week1&2 comm., for engineering techniciansTriza Kamel
This document provides guidance for engineering technicians on interpreting engineering drawings for electronic, electrical, and communication circuits. It begins with an overview of the steps to interpret engineering information, which are to identify components, understand their purpose, and determine the overall circuit purpose. It then details the standard symbols and functions of common circuit components for electronic circuits like wires, power supplies, switches and resistors. The same is done for electrical circuits covering logic gates. Finally, communication circuit components are explained including routers, switches, hubs and network diagrams. Activities are included to have technicians interpret sample circuit diagrams.
This document discusses various types of industrial control devices including manually operated switches, mechanically operated switches, and electromechanically operated switches. Manually operated switches include knife switches, toggle switches, push buttons, rotary selector switches, and manual starters. Mechanically operated switches include limit switches, mercury switches, snap acting switches, and motor protection switches. Electromechanically operated switches include relays, solenoids, and semi-conductive switches. The document also discusses circuit breakers and their classification, construction, control, and application.
The full basics of Electrical Components can be seen in the link http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A switch in an electronic device is used to interrupt the flow of electricity or electric current. Electrical switches are binary devices, they can be either completely off or completely on. In simple English, a switch is an electronic device that is used to break or make the electronic circuit.
Here are the electro-pneumatic circuit diagrams to control a double acting cylinder using a 5/2 directional control valve:
1. Using a single solenoid 5/2 valve:
- To extend the cylinder, energize the solenoid. Air supply will be directed to rod side and vent will be connected to head side.
- To retract, de-energize the solenoid. Vent will be connected to rod side and air supply to head side.
2. Using a double solenoid 5/2 valve:
- To extend, energize one solenoid. Air supply will be directed to rod side and vent to head side.
- To retract
This document provides an overview of relays, including their basic functions, components, and common configurations. It discusses how relays use electromagnets to operate switching mechanisms, allowing low-power signals to control circuits. Relays are then described in terms of their coils, contacts, poles, and typical configurations such as single pole double throw (SPDT) and double pole double throw (DPDT). Examples of common relay types - PT and MT - are also briefly covered.
329292817-PLC-Training for new person pptxviveksingh2418
The document provides information about relays and contactors used in industrial automation. It discusses what relays and contactors are, their basic construction and operation. It provides examples of exercises using relays, including making a relay circuit to switch on a lamp when a push button is pressed. It also discusses the differences between relays and contactors, noting that contactors are used for switching larger electrical power loads.
This anti-sleep alarm keeps you awake. This circuit keeps you vigilant by sounding intermittent beeps and emitting flashing light so as to remind you that you are not on the bed but driving a vehicle. It works only at night due to the control of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) based switch.
Unit - 3 Switching Characteristics of Diodes and Transistors.pdfRGPV De Bunkers
The "Electronic Devices & Circuits - Study Material" is a comprehensive and detailed PDF document designed to provide students of the Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science program at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts related to electronic devices and circuits. This study material covers the topics taught in Semester 3 of the program, focusing on the subject of Electronic Devices & Circuits.
Content Overview:
Switching Characteristics of Diode and Transistor
Understanding the Turn ON and Turn OFF Time of Diodes and Transistors.
Exploring the importance of Switching Characteristics in digital circuits and switching applications.
Analyzing how Diodes and Transistors transition between different states during switching.
Reverse Recovery Time of Diode
Investigating the phenomenon of Reverse Recovery Time in diodes.
Examining the implications of Reverse Recovery Time in high-frequency rectifiers and switching circuits.
Understanding how charge carriers affect the transition from conducting to non-conducting state in diodes.
Transistor as a Switch
Utilizing transistors as electronic switches in various applications.
Exploring the operation of transistors in the ON (saturation) and OFF (cutoff) states.
Discussing the applications of transistor switches in digital logic circuits, amplifiers, and power control.
Multivibrators
Understanding the operation and applications of Bistable, Monostable, and Astable Multivibrators.
Analyzing how Bistable Multivibrators can be used as memory elements and in sequential logic circuits.
Exploring the application of Monostable Multivibrators in time delay circuits and pulse generation.
Examining the use of Astable Multivibrators as free-running oscillators in clock generation and tone generation.
Clippers and Clampers
Studying the working principles of Clippers, including positive and negative clippers.
Understanding how Clippers are used in waveform shaping and noise elimination.
Analyzing the operation and applications of Clampers in restoring AC-coupled signals to a specific voltage level.
Differential Amplifier and CMRR Calculation
Exploring the significance of Differential Amplifiers in communication and instrumentation applications.
Calculating the Differential Gain and Common Mode Gain using h-parameters.
Understanding the importance of Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) in noise rejection.
Benefits:
Provides in-depth explanations of critical topics related to Electronic Devices & Circuits.
Equips students with the knowledge required to design and analyze electronic circuits.
Covers essential concepts for digital circuit design and signal processing applications.
Supports students in preparing for examinations and assignments related t
The document provides information about a unit on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It lists textbooks on the subject and outlines the contents of Unit 1, which includes an overview of PLC systems, their parts such as input/output modules and power supplies, architecture, input/output devices, and fundamental wiring diagrams. The document then discusses the definition of a PLC, their benefits over conventional controls, sizes for different applications, and components like processors, memory and input/output sections. It also describes common switching elements and input devices used with PLCs like switches, sensors and relays.
A switch is a device used to control the flow of current in a circuit by making or breaking the connection. There are two basic types of switches: mechanical switches, which operate using physical movement, and electrical switches, which operate using electronic components. Limit switches are a type of mechanical switch that actuate based on the motion of an object. They have common attributes like type, actuator, contact form, switching function, mounting, termination style, operating force, enclosure ratings, and electrical specifications.
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn Fuji Electric Nhật bảnBeeteco
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn Fuji Electric Nhật bản
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
Chuyên cung cấp các thiết bị: Đèn báo nút nhấn, Relay, Timer, Contactor, MCCB ELCB, Biến tần, Van, Thiết bị cảm biến, phụ kiện tủ điện, .... Từ các thương hiệu hàng đầu trên thế giới.
www.beeteco.com @ Công ty TNHH TM KT ASTER
Địa chỉ : Số 7/31 KDC Thương Mại Sóng Thần, KP. Nhị Đồng 1, P. Dĩ An, Tx. Dĩ An, Tỉnh Bình Dương
FB: www.facebook.com/beeteco
Email: contact@beeteco.com
Tel: 0650 3617 012
Hotline: 0909.41.61.43
This document describes an energy efficient multimode photonic switch that can operate in different modes. It has an automatic mode with two sub-modes: closed during sunshine and open during dark or vice versa. It also has a manual mode. The switch uses a power transistor and BJT to sense sunlight and control a relay for switching. It provides energy efficient automatic switching for applications like street lights to reduce energy waste. The circuit assembly is low cost and replaces conventional ON-OFF switches.
This document provides an introduction to the electronic components needed to build a motor speed controller, including resistors, capacitors, diodes, light emitting diodes (LEDs), variable resistors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), and printed circuit boards. It explains what each component is and how it functions within an electric circuit. The key components that enable motor speed control are the variable resistor, IC, and H-bridge circuit which uses pulse width modulation to vary motor speed.
This document provides an overview of logic families. It discusses different logic families including TTL, IIL, ECL, NMOS, and CMOS. It covers characteristics of logic gates such as fan-in, fan-out, noise margin, propagation delay, and input and output characteristics. It also discusses diodes, BJTs, and MOSFETs as switching elements. The document compares various logic families in terms of packing density, power consumption, and gate delay. Additionally, it covers topics such as open collector output, interfacing between logic families, and tri-state logic.
The bistable multivibrator hani prasetyo_universitastidarhani_prasetyo
The document summarizes the Bistable Multivibrator circuit. It begins with an introduction explaining that a Bistable Multivibrator has two stable states that it will remain in indefinitely until an external trigger switches it to the other state. It then discusses different types of Bistable Multivibrator circuits that can be made from discrete transistors or logic gates. Examples of applications like frequency division and memory storage are also provided.
The document discusses various types of electronic switches including toggle switches, DIP switches, push button switches, and membrane switches. It describes what each type of switch is used for, its basic configuration and operation, and provides examples of common applications. Toggle switches are classified by pole and throw configuration and can be either momentary or maintained contact. DIP switches allow configurable settings and are available in slide, piano, and rotary styles. Membrane switches are constructed of layered plastic films with printed circuits and provide durable user interfaces.
The document discusses different types of rectifiers. It describes half-wave rectifiers, full-wave center-tapped rectifiers, and full-wave bridge rectifiers. For each type, it provides the circuit diagram, explains how it works during each half-cycle of the AC input, and lists the advantages and disadvantages as well as common applications.
This document provides an overview of mechanical switches used in mechatronics. It describes different types of mechanical switches classified based on number of contacts and poles, including single pole single throw (SPST), single pole double throw (SPDT), double pole single throw (DPST), and double pole double throw (DPDT) switches. It also explains common switch types like push button and toggle switches, describing their basic operation and use in circuits.
The document is a research paper on electromagnetic relays. It discusses the history, basic design, operation, types, and applications of relays. Relays use electromagnets to mechanically operate switches in electric circuits. When a coil is energized or de-energized, it causes an armature to move and open or close one or more sets of contacts to control external circuits and devices. Common relay types include latching, reed, polarized, and ratchet relays. Relays are widely used to control electric circuits remotely in many applications like machines, vehicles, and electronics.
1. Electro-pneumatic control integrates pneumatic and electrical technologies. Solenoid valves are used as the interface between electrical and pneumatic systems, and devices like sensors provide feedback.
2. Seven basic electrical devices used in electro-pneumatics are listed as push button switches, limit switches, pressure switches, solenoids, relays, timers, and temperature switches. Proximity sensors and counters are also used.
3. Electro-pneumatic control involves three main steps - signal input devices generate signals, signal processing uses relays or PLCs, and signal outputs activate solenoids to control pneumatic valves and cylinders.
Week1&2 comm., for engineering techniciansTriza Kamel
This document provides guidance for engineering technicians on interpreting engineering drawings for electronic, electrical, and communication circuits. It begins with an overview of the steps to interpret engineering information, which are to identify components, understand their purpose, and determine the overall circuit purpose. It then details the standard symbols and functions of common circuit components for electronic circuits like wires, power supplies, switches and resistors. The same is done for electrical circuits covering logic gates. Finally, communication circuit components are explained including routers, switches, hubs and network diagrams. Activities are included to have technicians interpret sample circuit diagrams.
This document discusses various types of industrial control devices including manually operated switches, mechanically operated switches, and electromechanically operated switches. Manually operated switches include knife switches, toggle switches, push buttons, rotary selector switches, and manual starters. Mechanically operated switches include limit switches, mercury switches, snap acting switches, and motor protection switches. Electromechanically operated switches include relays, solenoids, and semi-conductive switches. The document also discusses circuit breakers and their classification, construction, control, and application.
The full basics of Electrical Components can be seen in the link http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A switch in an electronic device is used to interrupt the flow of electricity or electric current. Electrical switches are binary devices, they can be either completely off or completely on. In simple English, a switch is an electronic device that is used to break or make the electronic circuit.
Here are the electro-pneumatic circuit diagrams to control a double acting cylinder using a 5/2 directional control valve:
1. Using a single solenoid 5/2 valve:
- To extend the cylinder, energize the solenoid. Air supply will be directed to rod side and vent will be connected to head side.
- To retract, de-energize the solenoid. Vent will be connected to rod side and air supply to head side.
2. Using a double solenoid 5/2 valve:
- To extend, energize one solenoid. Air supply will be directed to rod side and vent to head side.
- To retract
This document provides an overview of relays, including their basic functions, components, and common configurations. It discusses how relays use electromagnets to operate switching mechanisms, allowing low-power signals to control circuits. Relays are then described in terms of their coils, contacts, poles, and typical configurations such as single pole double throw (SPDT) and double pole double throw (DPDT). Examples of common relay types - PT and MT - are also briefly covered.
329292817-PLC-Training for new person pptxviveksingh2418
The document provides information about relays and contactors used in industrial automation. It discusses what relays and contactors are, their basic construction and operation. It provides examples of exercises using relays, including making a relay circuit to switch on a lamp when a push button is pressed. It also discusses the differences between relays and contactors, noting that contactors are used for switching larger electrical power loads.
This anti-sleep alarm keeps you awake. This circuit keeps you vigilant by sounding intermittent beeps and emitting flashing light so as to remind you that you are not on the bed but driving a vehicle. It works only at night due to the control of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) based switch.
Unit - 3 Switching Characteristics of Diodes and Transistors.pdfRGPV De Bunkers
The "Electronic Devices & Circuits - Study Material" is a comprehensive and detailed PDF document designed to provide students of the Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science program at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts related to electronic devices and circuits. This study material covers the topics taught in Semester 3 of the program, focusing on the subject of Electronic Devices & Circuits.
Content Overview:
Switching Characteristics of Diode and Transistor
Understanding the Turn ON and Turn OFF Time of Diodes and Transistors.
Exploring the importance of Switching Characteristics in digital circuits and switching applications.
Analyzing how Diodes and Transistors transition between different states during switching.
Reverse Recovery Time of Diode
Investigating the phenomenon of Reverse Recovery Time in diodes.
Examining the implications of Reverse Recovery Time in high-frequency rectifiers and switching circuits.
Understanding how charge carriers affect the transition from conducting to non-conducting state in diodes.
Transistor as a Switch
Utilizing transistors as electronic switches in various applications.
Exploring the operation of transistors in the ON (saturation) and OFF (cutoff) states.
Discussing the applications of transistor switches in digital logic circuits, amplifiers, and power control.
Multivibrators
Understanding the operation and applications of Bistable, Monostable, and Astable Multivibrators.
Analyzing how Bistable Multivibrators can be used as memory elements and in sequential logic circuits.
Exploring the application of Monostable Multivibrators in time delay circuits and pulse generation.
Examining the use of Astable Multivibrators as free-running oscillators in clock generation and tone generation.
Clippers and Clampers
Studying the working principles of Clippers, including positive and negative clippers.
Understanding how Clippers are used in waveform shaping and noise elimination.
Analyzing the operation and applications of Clampers in restoring AC-coupled signals to a specific voltage level.
Differential Amplifier and CMRR Calculation
Exploring the significance of Differential Amplifiers in communication and instrumentation applications.
Calculating the Differential Gain and Common Mode Gain using h-parameters.
Understanding the importance of Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) in noise rejection.
Benefits:
Provides in-depth explanations of critical topics related to Electronic Devices & Circuits.
Equips students with the knowledge required to design and analyze electronic circuits.
Covers essential concepts for digital circuit design and signal processing applications.
Supports students in preparing for examinations and assignments related t
The document provides information about a unit on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It lists textbooks on the subject and outlines the contents of Unit 1, which includes an overview of PLC systems, their parts such as input/output modules and power supplies, architecture, input/output devices, and fundamental wiring diagrams. The document then discusses the definition of a PLC, their benefits over conventional controls, sizes for different applications, and components like processors, memory and input/output sections. It also describes common switching elements and input devices used with PLCs like switches, sensors and relays.
A switch is a device used to control the flow of current in a circuit by making or breaking the connection. There are two basic types of switches: mechanical switches, which operate using physical movement, and electrical switches, which operate using electronic components. Limit switches are a type of mechanical switch that actuate based on the motion of an object. They have common attributes like type, actuator, contact form, switching function, mounting, termination style, operating force, enclosure ratings, and electrical specifications.
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn Fuji Electric Nhật bảnBeeteco
Catalog đèn báo nút nhấn Fuji Electric Nhật bản
Beeteco.com là trang mua sắm trực tuyến thiết bị điện - Tự động hóa uy tín tại Việt Nam.
Chuyên cung cấp các thiết bị: Đèn báo nút nhấn, Relay, Timer, Contactor, MCCB ELCB, Biến tần, Van, Thiết bị cảm biến, phụ kiện tủ điện, .... Từ các thương hiệu hàng đầu trên thế giới.
www.beeteco.com @ Công ty TNHH TM KT ASTER
Địa chỉ : Số 7/31 KDC Thương Mại Sóng Thần, KP. Nhị Đồng 1, P. Dĩ An, Tx. Dĩ An, Tỉnh Bình Dương
FB: www.facebook.com/beeteco
Email: contact@beeteco.com
Tel: 0650 3617 012
Hotline: 0909.41.61.43
This document describes an energy efficient multimode photonic switch that can operate in different modes. It has an automatic mode with two sub-modes: closed during sunshine and open during dark or vice versa. It also has a manual mode. The switch uses a power transistor and BJT to sense sunlight and control a relay for switching. It provides energy efficient automatic switching for applications like street lights to reduce energy waste. The circuit assembly is low cost and replaces conventional ON-OFF switches.
This document provides an introduction to the electronic components needed to build a motor speed controller, including resistors, capacitors, diodes, light emitting diodes (LEDs), variable resistors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), and printed circuit boards. It explains what each component is and how it functions within an electric circuit. The key components that enable motor speed control are the variable resistor, IC, and H-bridge circuit which uses pulse width modulation to vary motor speed.
This document provides an overview of logic families. It discusses different logic families including TTL, IIL, ECL, NMOS, and CMOS. It covers characteristics of logic gates such as fan-in, fan-out, noise margin, propagation delay, and input and output characteristics. It also discusses diodes, BJTs, and MOSFETs as switching elements. The document compares various logic families in terms of packing density, power consumption, and gate delay. Additionally, it covers topics such as open collector output, interfacing between logic families, and tri-state logic.
The bistable multivibrator hani prasetyo_universitastidarhani_prasetyo
The document summarizes the Bistable Multivibrator circuit. It begins with an introduction explaining that a Bistable Multivibrator has two stable states that it will remain in indefinitely until an external trigger switches it to the other state. It then discusses different types of Bistable Multivibrator circuits that can be made from discrete transistors or logic gates. Examples of applications like frequency division and memory storage are also provided.
The document discusses various types of electronic switches including toggle switches, DIP switches, push button switches, and membrane switches. It describes what each type of switch is used for, its basic configuration and operation, and provides examples of common applications. Toggle switches are classified by pole and throw configuration and can be either momentary or maintained contact. DIP switches allow configurable settings and are available in slide, piano, and rotary styles. Membrane switches are constructed of layered plastic films with printed circuits and provide durable user interfaces.
The document discusses different types of rectifiers. It describes half-wave rectifiers, full-wave center-tapped rectifiers, and full-wave bridge rectifiers. For each type, it provides the circuit diagram, explains how it works during each half-cycle of the AC input, and lists the advantages and disadvantages as well as common applications.
The document describes the hardware, functions, memory structure and operation of the 8085 microprocessor kit. It contains the following key details:
- The 8085 microprocessor kit is used for microprocessor training and development. It contains an 8085 microprocessor, RAM, ROM, I/O devices and interfaces.
- It communicates with the outside world through a keyboard and 7-segment display. It can also interact with a computer through a serial interface.
- The kit provides 8K/32K bytes of RAM and 8K bytes of ROM. Additional memory can expand the total to 64K bytes.
- The input/output structure uses 8255 chips to provide 24 programm
This document describes how to interface an LCD display with an 8051 microcontroller kit. It provides details on the LCD module including its pinout, commands, initialization process, and sending data. It also includes the circuit diagram showing how the LCD is connected to the microcontroller ports and includes components for backlight control and contrast adjustment. The aim is to understand the interface between an LCD display and the 8051 microcontroller.
Stepper motors translate electrical pulses into precise mechanical movement by rotating their shaft in fixed increments. They are used for position control applications like printers and robotics. This document describes how to control the speed of a stepper motor connected to an 8051 microcontroller kit. It explains stepper motor theory, the 4-step switching sequence to rotate the motor one tooth at a time, and the circuit diagram using a ULN2003 driver chip to supply sufficient current from the 8051 port pins to the stepper motor windings.
3350904 Microprocessor and controller applications lab 1 date 5 8 2020.pptxbhattparthiv23
This document describes an experiment using an 8085 microprocessor kit to develop an assembly language program for the arithmetic addition of two numbers. It includes the aim, objectives, theory, and an example program to add the numbers 55h and AAh. The theory section explains the steps to write an assembly language program, which are to divide the problem into steps, develop a flowchart, write the program, translate it to machine code, load and execute the program on the 8085 kit. An example program is provided and translated from assembly to machine code. Safety precautions are also outlined.
This document outlines the curriculum for the Basic Electronics course offered in the second semester of the Information Technology diploma program. The course aims to help students gain knowledge of basic electronic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors and understand how they work, their characteristics, and applications. Over the course of 28 teaching hours, students will learn about various electronic components through lectures, tutorials, and practical exercises. They will also learn to measure voltage, current, and resistance using instruments like digital multimeters and cathode ray oscilloscopes. The assessment includes a theory exam and a practical exam.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. What are toggle switches used
for?
A toggle switch is a type of
electrical switch that is actuated
by moving a lever back and
forth to open or close an
electrical circuit. There are two
basic types: maintained contact
and momentary toggle switches.
3. What are the types of toggle switches?
The types of switches are classified into four types namely:
SPST (Single Pole Single throw)
SPDT (single pole double throw)
DPST (double pole, single throw)
DPDT (double pole double throw)
TPST (double pole, single throw)
TPDT (double pole double throw)
4. Pole refers to the number of circuits controlled by the switch:
SP switches control only one electrical circuit.
DP switches control two independent circuits (and act like two identical
switches that are mechanically linked). Do not confuse ‘pole’ with
‘terminal’.
The DPST switch, for example, has four terminals, but it is a DP, not a 4P
switch.
Throw refers to the extreme position of the actuator:
ST switches close a circuit at only one position. The other position of the
handle is Off.
DT switches close a circuit in the Up position, as well as the Down position
(On-On).
A DT switch can also have a center position (frequently On-Off-On).
Single pole/throw and double pole/throw switches are by far the most
common switches, but triple and quadruple configurations are also available.
They are commonly denoted 3PST, 3PDT, 4PDT, etc.
5. Configuration
Maintained-contact toggle switches and momentary-contact
toggle switches differ in terms of switch configuration.
Configurations for maintained-contact toggle switches are
described below.
ON/OFF toggle switches have separate ON and OFF functions
and work like light switches.
Three-position toggle switches have a center position that may or
may not perform an OFF function.
6. Configuration
Switch functions for momentary-contact toggle switches include
the following.
Momentary ON describes contacts which interrupt the circuit
when the toggle switch is in the normal, open (NO) position.
Momentary OFF describes contacts which establish a circuit
when the toggle switch is in the normal, closed (NC) position.
Alternate ON/OFF describes a switch where the first actuation
turns the toggle switch ON and the second actuation turns the
toggle switch OFF.
Three-position momentary center-NEUTRAL toggle switches
have a center position that can perform an OFF or NEUTRAL
function.
7. A normally open (NO) toggle switch has contacts that
are open or disconnected in their unactuated (normal)
position.
A normally closed (NC) toggle switch has contacts that
are closed or connected in their unactuated (normal)
position.
8. There are several configurations for pole and throw toggle switches.
Single pole single throw (SPST) toggle switches make or break the
connection of a single conductor in a single branch circuit. This
switch type typically has two terminals and is referred to as a
single-pole switch.
9. Single pole double throw (SPDT) toggle switches make or break
the connection of a single conductor with either of two other single
conductors. These switches usually have three terminals and are
commonly used in pairs. SPDT switches are sometimes called
three-way switches.
10. Double pole single throw (DPST) toggle switches make
or break the connection of two circuit conductors in a
single branch circuit. They usually have four terminals.
11. Double pole double throw (DPDT) toggle switches make or
break the connection of two conductors to two separate circuits.
They usually have six terminals are available in both momentary
and maintained contact versions.
12. Triple pole double throw (TPDT) toggle switches make or
break the connection of three conductors to two separate
circuits. They usually have nine terminals are available in
both momentary and maintained contact versions.
13. What is a DIP Switch, and How Does it Work?
A DIP switch is a dual in-line package switch, meaning that it
consists of a series of switches in a single unit. It is an
electromechanical device requiring a user to manually move the
actuator so that a different electronic circuit is activated or
deactivated. Commonly mounted on a PCB or breadboard, DIP
switches allow users to quickly preconfigure or toggle an electronic
device between a variety of settings or operating modes.
14. Types of DIP Switches
DIP switches come in a variety of types, including
Slide type DIP switches.
Piano type DIP switches.
Rotary type DIP switches.
15. Slide DIP switches are standard toggle switches.
Each switch has two positions - either closed or open (also on/off or 1/0) and therefore
operates as an SPST switch.
There are also three-position slide DIP switches with a central neutral location and a
contact at each end, typically configured as on/off/on.
Any DIP switch can be configured as normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC).
Normally open switches complete the circuit when actuated, while normally closed
switches break the circuit when actuated.
16. Piano DIP switches are similar to slide DIP switches. However,
instead of lying horizontal, with a forward and backward
motion to move the actuator, piano DIP switches are vertical,
requiring an up and down action.
17. Rotary DIP switches toggle position as the user turns in a circular
motion. The amount of rotation determines the output of the
switch.
A rotary DIP switch with four output pins can produce up to 16
different output configurations in binary code.
It can also be configured to operate as an SPDT device and may
have three or four throws for a single pole.
18. DIP Switch Applications
Some of the most common applications for DIP switches are as
follows:
1. Programming garage door openers
2. Programming remote controls
3. Configuration of options on PC expansion cards or
motherboards
4. Adding new items to an IoT network through easy user
configuration
19. What is a Push Button Switch?
A push button switch is a mechanical device used to control an
electrical circuit in which the operator manually presses a button to
actuate an internal switching mechanism. They come in a variety
of shapes, sizes, and configurations, depending on the design
requirements.
20. How Does a Push Button Switch Operate?
Push button switches rely on a simple in-out actuation mechanism.
They can be employed to break (off) or initiate (on) a circuit.
Alternatively, they can provide an input for the user interface of a
piece of equipment or start/stop a particular function.
Push button switches may be categorized as being either momentary
(where the switch function only continues for as long as the
operator is pushing the button) or maintained (where the switch
function stays latched in that status after it has been actuated).
21. Types of Push Button Switches:
Push button switches can be classified as being normally open
(NO) or normally closed (NC).
Normally open (“OFF” position) switches complete the circuit
when actuated, while normally closed (“ON” position) switches
break the circuit when actuated.
22. Push Button Applications and Considerations
Their use is widespread in various applications,
such as vending machines, portable equipment,
household appliances, power tools, and
countless other consumer electronics and
industrial controls.
23. Membrane Switches
What are Membrane Switches?
Membrane switches are a type of human-machine
interface characterized by being constructed from several
layers of plastic films or other flexible materials.
Conductive materials and graphic inks are printed or
laminated onto the surface of these plastic films. They
function by temporarily closing or opening an electric
circuit. The compact and efficient construction of
membrane switches makes them suitable for a vast array
of applications such as household appliances and
industrial equipment interfaces.
24. Membrane Switch Construction
Membrane switches are composed of several components
in the form of layers that are assembled using pressure-
sensitive adhesives or heat sealing films.
Its main parts are an overlay containing the graphic
elements; a circuit that includes the conductive tracks,
metal domes and terminals; and a spacer that maintains a
break between the switch contacts.
25. Overlay: Also known as top or graphic overlay, the overlay is the outermost layer
of the membrane switch. Since this layer is on the exposed side of the membrane
switch, it is made from materials that have good flexibility, clarity, durability,
chemical resistance, and barrier properties.
There are two common materials used for making the overlay,
Polyester: This is a plastic material commonly known as poly ethylene
terephthalate (PET).
Polycarbonate:
Other materials that can be used as overlays are acrylic, vinyl, and PVC.
Graphics can be printed on the reverse side or front side.
26.
27. Domes: Domes are the components that provide tactile feedback. They can be made
from metal or plastic.
Metal Domes: Metal domes are made from stainless steel or copper alloys held in
place by a dome retainer layer or a spacer layer. Aside from providing tactile
feedback, metal domes also function as a part of the circuit. When pressed, the metal
dome shorts the open contacts of the switch.
Plastic or Poly Domes: Plastic domes are typically made from polyester because of
their flexibility; hence "poly" domes.
At the concave side of the dome is a printed conductive ink that completes the
circuit when the button is pressed.
28. Retainer Layer: The retainer layer with the primary function of holding the metal domes
in place. This is commonly made from polyester film, similar to the poly dome layer.
Spacer Layer: This layer is used to create a break in contact between the two
conductors of the switch. This allows the switch to have its open position. In some
designs of tactile-type membrane switches, it can also act as a retainer to keep the
metallic dome in place. The spacer layer has channels between the empty cavities or
the sides of the keypad for venting air. This prevents air from being compressed in the
cavity when the key is pressed.
29. Circuit Layer: This layer is where the conductive paths of the switch are applied.
These conductive paths can be produced through two main methods: screen printing
and photochemical etching.
Screen Printing: This method uses a stencil containing the pattern of the circuit. Silver
conductive ink is flooded on the stencil which is placed above a substrate. The substrate
used is typically a polyester film. This method is used for thinner and more flexible
membrane keypads.
Photochemical Etching: In contrast, this method uses a copper laminated substrate
which is selectively patterned through photolithography and chemical etching. The
result can be a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible printed circuit (FPC) that is
thicker and more durable than screen-printed membrane keypads.
30. Benefits of Membrane Switches
Thin and compact profile.
Simple graphic interface construction.
Highly resistant against external elements.
Easy cleaning and maintenance.
31. Applications
The applications of membrane switch include the
following.
•Membrane switches are broadly used in different
applications like industrial, domestic, or commercial.
•These switches are found all over like in cell phones;
calculators, ovens, door lock systems, etc.
•These switches are used to control the 7-segment display.