Basic electricity

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Classification of Materials

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Conductors:
Conductors are the materials which have very high
conductivity. The number of free electrons are very high
in a conductor at room temperature, which is the basic
reason of high conductivity of conductors.
Examples: Silver, Copper, Gold, Aluminum etc.
The number of free electrons are very high in silver,
which makes the silver a best conductors of electricity.
The binding force on these free valence electrons by
nucleus is very low. Due to which these electrons can
easily be freed from the nucleus and can participate in
the flow of electricity.

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Insulators:
The conductivity of insulating materials is very low. These
material are having a very high resistivity which makes
them very suitable to insulate the current carrying parts
from earthed metallic structure.
In insulating materials the electrons are tightly bounded
with nucleus. Due to which they cannot be freed for
movement in materials. Due to which the resistivity of
insulating materials is very high.
Example:- Plastics, Ceramics, PVC etc.

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Semiconductors:
Semiconductors are materials which have the
conductivity between conductors and insulators.
Semiconductors are the elements of group-III, group-IV
and group-V elements. Semiconducting materials have
covalent bond.
At normal temperature the conductivity of
semiconductors is very low. With increase in
temperature the conductivity of semiconductors
increases exponentially.
Example: Germanium, Silicon, Gallium Arsenic etc.

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Want to change the electrical
properties of silicon: Intrinsic Vs
Extrinsic Semiconductor
Materials?

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VI Characteristics of
Semiconductor Diode ?

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