2. CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE
The concrete is classified as follows:
1. Plain Cement Concrete
2. Lime Concrete
3. Reinforced Cement Concrete
4. Pre- stressed cement concrete
5. Light weight concrete
6. Cellular or aerated concrete
7. Saw dust concrete
8. Vacuum concrete
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3. 1. Plain Cement Concrete
The plain cement concrete consists of cement, sand and a coarse
aggregate mixed in suitable proportions in addition to water. The
cement is used as a binding material, sand as fine aggregate and
shingle, gravel, broken brick or crushed stone as coarse aggregate.
The usual proportions of ingredients in plain cement concrete are
Portland cement (1 part), clean sand (1 ½) and coarse aggregate (3
parts).
The plain cement concrete is strong in taking compressive stress.
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4. 2. Lime Concrete
The lime concrete consists of lime, a fine aggregate and a coarse
aggregate, mixed in suitable proportions in addition to water. The
hydraulic lime is used as a binding material, sand, surkhi and
cinder as fine aggregates and broken bricks, broken stones etc. as
coarse aggregates.
The usual proportions of ingredients in lime concrete are:
(Lime 1 part), sand (2 to 3 parts) and coarse aggregates (3 to 4
parts).
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5. Continued
The lime concrete is cheaper and has less strength than plain cement
concrete.
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6. 3. Reinforced cement concrete
The reinforced cement concrete (also called ferroconcrete) is a cement
concrete in which reinforcement is embedded. The usual proportions
of ingredients in reinforced cement concrete are: Portland cement (1
part), clean sand (1 to 2 parts) and coarse aggregates (2 to 4 parts).
The reinforced cement concrete is equally strong for taking tensile,
compressive and shear stresses.
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7. 4.Pre-stressed cement concrete
The pre-stressed cement concrete is a cement concrete in which high
compressive stresses are artificially induced before its actual use.
This type of concrete can take up high tensile and compressive stresses
without development of cracks.
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8. 5. Light weight concrete
The light weight concrete is prepared by using coke-breeze, cinder or slag
as aggregate in the cement concrete. This type of concrete possesses high
insulating property. It is used in making precast structural units for
partition and wall lining purposes.
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9. 6.Cellular or aerated concrete
The cellular or aerated concrete (also called air entrained concrete) is
prepared by mixing aluminium in the cement concrete. It is light in
weight and spongy in structure. It is used for roof slab and precast units
in partitions etc. for heat and sound insulation.
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10. 7. Saw dust concrete
The saw dust concrete is prepared by mixing Portland cement with saw
dust in specified proportions in the concrete. It is used as a heat and
sound insulating material.
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11. 8. Vacuum concrete
The vacuum concrete is the cement concrete from which entrained air
and excess water are removed with a vacuum pump, after placing it in
position. The removal of excess air after placing concrete helps in
increasing the strength of concrete by 15 to 20 percent. It is used for all
reinforced concrete works.
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