The Bangabandhu Satellite-1 is the first Bangladeshi geostationary communications and Broadcasting Satellite. It was manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and launched on 11 May 2018.[1] The project is being implemented by Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) and was the first payload launched by a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket of SpaceX.[3]
Bangladesh Government formed a Government owned Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited, BCSCL with the aim to operate the Bangabandhu Satellite-1.[4]
Bangabandhu-1 launched from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida, USA and utilizes ground control stations built by Thales Alenia Space with its partner Spectra[disambiguation needed] in Betbunia, and Gazipur. The satellite is based on the highly secured and reliable Spacebus-4000B2 platform and currently located at longitude 119.09°E.
Bangabandhu-1 is Bangladesh's first communications satellite. It was launched in May 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The satellite provides 40 transponders in C-band and Ku-band to support telecommunications, broadcasting, and internet services. It allows Bangladesh to save money by using its own satellite capacity rather than renting from foreign operators, and expands connectivity to remote areas. The successful launch of Bangabandhu-1 marks Bangladesh joining the elite club of countries with their own satellites and is expected to open massive opportunities in telecom, broadcasting, and other sectors.
The document discusses Bangabandhu Satellite-1, Bangladesh's first geostationary communications satellite. It provides information on its location in geostationary orbit at 119.1°E, technical specifications including its solar panels, batteries, propulsion system, launch mass and expected 15+ year lifespan. The satellite's projected cost was $248 million USD or Tk 19.51 billion and it provides services such as VSAT, private networks, broadband, communication trunks and video distribution. Its benefits include being a foreign revenue generator, symbolizing national success and development, and enabling fast disaster support. Limitations include the high cost, potential spotty signal reception, propagation delay and lack of repair facilities in space.
Satellite Communication Notes Unit (1 to 3).pdfGopalakrishnaU
This document provides lecture notes on satellite communications. It begins with a brief history of satellite systems and the realization of the concept from an idea to launching the first artificial satellite Sputnik-1 by the Soviet Union in 1957. It describes the basic concepts of satellite communications including the space segment consisting of the satellite and ground control station. It also describes the ground segment consisting of fixed, transportable and mobile earth terminals. It discusses the evolution from early passive satellites that simply reflected signals to later active satellites that could amplify and transmit signals.
The document discusses SpaceX's Starlink satellite constellation project which aims to provide global broadband internet access. It notes that nearly half the world lacks internet access primarily due to lack of infrastructure coverage. Starlink plans to launch thousands of low Earth orbit satellites to deliver internet connectivity worldwide, especially to remote areas. It has received FCC approval and has begun launching satellites, with plans to offer commercial service in late 2020. The document outlines Starlink's technology, leadership, competition, and potential for profitability.
This document provides an overview of satellite communication systems. It discusses the need for satellites due to the curvature of the Earth, the different regions of space including low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit (GEO). It describes the basic components of a satellite system including satellites, ground stations, uplinks and downlinks. It also covers communication characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of satellite systems, and provides a historical overview of important milestones in satellite communication technology.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX that provides low-latency, high-speed internet access across the globe. It uses a network of hundreds of satellites in low Earth orbit to transmit internet access to users via small ground-based receivers. Each satellite weighs 260kg and uses ion thrusters and solar arrays for propulsion and power. The system autonomously avoids collisions and deorbits defunct satellites safely. Starlink aims to provide global coverage by 2021, targeting speeds over 100Mbps. Early beta testing offers speeds from 50-150Mbps for $499 upfront plus $99/month.
Bangabandhu-1 is Bangladesh's first communications satellite. It was launched in May 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The satellite provides 40 transponders in C-band and Ku-band to support telecommunications, broadcasting, and internet services. It allows Bangladesh to save money by using its own satellite capacity rather than renting from foreign operators, and expands connectivity to remote areas. The successful launch of Bangabandhu-1 marks Bangladesh joining the elite club of countries with their own satellites and is expected to open massive opportunities in telecom, broadcasting, and other sectors.
The document discusses Bangabandhu Satellite-1, Bangladesh's first geostationary communications satellite. It provides information on its location in geostationary orbit at 119.1°E, technical specifications including its solar panels, batteries, propulsion system, launch mass and expected 15+ year lifespan. The satellite's projected cost was $248 million USD or Tk 19.51 billion and it provides services such as VSAT, private networks, broadband, communication trunks and video distribution. Its benefits include being a foreign revenue generator, symbolizing national success and development, and enabling fast disaster support. Limitations include the high cost, potential spotty signal reception, propagation delay and lack of repair facilities in space.
Satellite Communication Notes Unit (1 to 3).pdfGopalakrishnaU
This document provides lecture notes on satellite communications. It begins with a brief history of satellite systems and the realization of the concept from an idea to launching the first artificial satellite Sputnik-1 by the Soviet Union in 1957. It describes the basic concepts of satellite communications including the space segment consisting of the satellite and ground control station. It also describes the ground segment consisting of fixed, transportable and mobile earth terminals. It discusses the evolution from early passive satellites that simply reflected signals to later active satellites that could amplify and transmit signals.
The document discusses SpaceX's Starlink satellite constellation project which aims to provide global broadband internet access. It notes that nearly half the world lacks internet access primarily due to lack of infrastructure coverage. Starlink plans to launch thousands of low Earth orbit satellites to deliver internet connectivity worldwide, especially to remote areas. It has received FCC approval and has begun launching satellites, with plans to offer commercial service in late 2020. The document outlines Starlink's technology, leadership, competition, and potential for profitability.
This document provides an overview of satellite communication systems. It discusses the need for satellites due to the curvature of the Earth, the different regions of space including low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit (GEO). It describes the basic components of a satellite system including satellites, ground stations, uplinks and downlinks. It also covers communication characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of satellite systems, and provides a historical overview of important milestones in satellite communication technology.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by SpaceX that provides low-latency, high-speed internet access across the globe. It uses a network of hundreds of satellites in low Earth orbit to transmit internet access to users via small ground-based receivers. Each satellite weighs 260kg and uses ion thrusters and solar arrays for propulsion and power. The system autonomously avoids collisions and deorbits defunct satellites safely. Starlink aims to provide global coverage by 2021, targeting speeds over 100Mbps. Early beta testing offers speeds from 50-150Mbps for $499 upfront plus $99/month.
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
Internet of Space - Communication Systems for Future Space-bases Internet Ser...Paulo Milheiro Mendes
1) The document discusses the potential for satellite constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable a space-based internet through providing global connectivity with lower latency than traditional geostationary satellites.
2) Emerging LEO constellations from companies like SpaceX, OneWeb, and Telesat promise speeds close to fiber with nearly full global coverage and latency around 25ms.
3) For the space internet to be realized, challenges around developing low-cost user terminals, multi-tenant cooperation between constellations, and addressing different traffic needs across orbital regimes must be overcome.
Satellite communications began in 1962 with the launch of Telstar 1, which demonstrated transmitting radio signals between Earth and a satellite. Since then, satellite technology has advanced, allowing international phone calls and television distribution globally. Satellites function as wireless repeaters in orbit, receiving and retransmitting signals. They provide communication links over large areas and distances independently. Various protocols like TDMA are used to manage communications over the delay-prone satellite links.
This document summarizes different types of satellites and orbits. It defines a satellite as a solid object that revolves around another due to gravitational forces. Satellites are either passive, simply reflecting signals, or active with onboard processing equipment. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched in 1957. Satellites in low-Earth orbit have shorter lifespans but provide better signals, while geostationary satellites remain fixed over one position from the ground. The document also briefly discusses Kepler's laws of planetary motion and their application to Earth.
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
The document summarizes three common frequency bands used in satellite communication: C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. C-band uses frequencies between 3.7 to 6.425 GHz and is used by many commercial satellites. Ku-band uses frequencies between 11.7 to 14.5 GHz and is primarily used for satellite communications and television broadcasting from remote locations. Ka-band has the highest frequency range of 26.5 to 40 GHz and is used by communications satellites and military targeting radars.
Starlink aims to provide global internet access using a satellite constellation to connect areas that currently lack coverage. While nearly half the world is not connected, the main reason is a lack of infrastructure like fiber optic cables or reliable 3G/4G networks. Starlink satellites would be cheaper to launch than traditional communication satellites and provide lower latency internet even to remote regions. Users would access the internet through a transceiver purchased from Starlink and pay a monthly subscription fee. The system has been in development since 2015 and is launching satellites on Falcon 9 rockets with the goal of starting limited commercial service in late 2020 or early 2021.
Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
The document discusses satellite communication and provides details about various topics related to satellites. It begins with defining what a satellite is and describing different types of satellites. It then discusses the advantages of satellite communication over terrestrial communication. The document outlines the components of a satellite and how satellites stay in orbit. It also covers look angle determination, antenna types, link design, satellite orbits, applications, and the future of satellite communication.
The document discusses different types of antennas used for satellite communication systems. It describes earth station antennas including axisymmetric dishes, offset dishes, and array antennas. It also describes satellite antennas including circular/elliptical beam antennas for global coverage, shaped/contoured beam antennas using feed arrays, and multibeam antennas. Key antenna specifications like radiation pattern, gain, directivity, polarization are also discussed. Common antenna types mentioned include horn antennas, reflector antennas, and array antennas.
This document discusses pseudo-noise (PN) sequences, which are random-looking bit sequences that repeat periodically and have useful properties for applications like code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. It outlines a 15-stage PN generator using a shift register, describes the properties of equal probability of 1s and 0s and high auto-correlation. It also discusses how PN sequences are used for data detection through correlation and includes a MATLAB code example to generate a PN sequence.
The document discusses satellite communications, including the basic components and orbits of communication satellites, how they are used to transmit signals, and some of their applications such as television, radio, and mobile phones. Key orbits discussed include LEO, MEO, and GEO orbits, and the advantages and disadvantages of each for communication purposes. The document also covers frequency allocation and some of the challenges of using satellites for communication.
Space wave propagation involves radio waves that travel directly or after reflecting off the Earth's surface within the lower 20 km of the atmosphere. These waves can propagate line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver antennas in the VHF and UHF bands. Space waves follow two paths - direct or ground reflected - and may arrive in or out of phase, causing signal fluctuations. The maximum transmission distance is limited by the Earth's curvature and obstructions that can cause shadowing effects. Refractive phenomena like super-refraction can sometimes extend the radio horizon.
This document summarizes key aspects of satellite communication networks. It discusses the history of satellite systems from early experiments bouncing signals off the moon to modern communication satellites. It describes different types of satellite orbits including geostationary, medium earth, and low earth orbits. It also outlines coverage areas, frequency bands, look angles, and the basic components and functioning of uplink and downlink systems including transmitters, transponders, and receivers.
This document provides information about a course titled "Statistics and Probability" with course code STA 133 at Daffodil International University under the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. The document outlines the course name, code, and institution.
Satellite communication systems allow signals to be transmitted and received via satellites orbiting Earth. Key elements include the space segment consisting of satellites and the ground segment of earth stations. Satellites transmit signals in various frequency bands. Applications include internet access, environmental monitoring, disaster management, television and radio broadcasting, broadband internet, and military communications. While satellites provide global coverage, disadvantages include high capital costs and signal propagation delays. Satellite technology is crucial for many areas of modern society and communications.
This document discusses satellite communication, including what satellites are, how satellite communication systems work, different types of satellite orbits, the evolution of satellite technology from passive to active satellites, services provided by satellites such as television and radio broadcasting, advantages of satellite communication such as its universal and reliable coverage, and applications such as military and internet access. The future of satellite communication is discussed, with expectations that satellites will have more onboard processing capabilities and power to handle higher bandwidth demands.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX providing satellite Internet access. The constellation will consist of thousands of mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), working in combination with ground transceivers.
A communication satellite receives radio signals from earth stations, amplifies them, and redirects them back to earth. It acts as a radio relay in space, allowing signals to be transmitted over greater distances than would be possible with terrestrial communication methods alone. A satellite's transponder receives uplink signals, amplifies them using a low-noise amplifier, down converts the frequency, filters it, amplifies it again using a power amplifier, and retransmits it back to earth on the downlink frequency. This allows the satellite to receive and redirect communications between various earth stations.
This document provides an introduction to satellite communication. It discusses the basic structure of a satellite link with uplinks and downlinks using separate frequency bands. Common frequency bands used include C-band, extended C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. The document also describes geostationary satellites, signal levels, propagation delay, transponder equipment on satellites, and India's INSAT satellite program. Advantages of satellite communication include wide coverage area, suitability for both digital and analog transmission, high quality, flexibility, and ability to provide quick services and mobile/emergency communication.
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
Internet of Space - Communication Systems for Future Space-bases Internet Ser...Paulo Milheiro Mendes
1) The document discusses the potential for satellite constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable a space-based internet through providing global connectivity with lower latency than traditional geostationary satellites.
2) Emerging LEO constellations from companies like SpaceX, OneWeb, and Telesat promise speeds close to fiber with nearly full global coverage and latency around 25ms.
3) For the space internet to be realized, challenges around developing low-cost user terminals, multi-tenant cooperation between constellations, and addressing different traffic needs across orbital regimes must be overcome.
Satellite communications began in 1962 with the launch of Telstar 1, which demonstrated transmitting radio signals between Earth and a satellite. Since then, satellite technology has advanced, allowing international phone calls and television distribution globally. Satellites function as wireless repeaters in orbit, receiving and retransmitting signals. They provide communication links over large areas and distances independently. Various protocols like TDMA are used to manage communications over the delay-prone satellite links.
This document summarizes different types of satellites and orbits. It defines a satellite as a solid object that revolves around another due to gravitational forces. Satellites are either passive, simply reflecting signals, or active with onboard processing equipment. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched in 1957. Satellites in low-Earth orbit have shorter lifespans but provide better signals, while geostationary satellites remain fixed over one position from the ground. The document also briefly discusses Kepler's laws of planetary motion and their application to Earth.
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
The document summarizes three common frequency bands used in satellite communication: C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. C-band uses frequencies between 3.7 to 6.425 GHz and is used by many commercial satellites. Ku-band uses frequencies between 11.7 to 14.5 GHz and is primarily used for satellite communications and television broadcasting from remote locations. Ka-band has the highest frequency range of 26.5 to 40 GHz and is used by communications satellites and military targeting radars.
Starlink aims to provide global internet access using a satellite constellation to connect areas that currently lack coverage. While nearly half the world is not connected, the main reason is a lack of infrastructure like fiber optic cables or reliable 3G/4G networks. Starlink satellites would be cheaper to launch than traditional communication satellites and provide lower latency internet even to remote regions. Users would access the internet through a transceiver purchased from Starlink and pay a monthly subscription fee. The system has been in development since 2015 and is launching satellites on Falcon 9 rockets with the goal of starting limited commercial service in late 2020 or early 2021.
Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
The document discusses satellite communication and provides details about various topics related to satellites. It begins with defining what a satellite is and describing different types of satellites. It then discusses the advantages of satellite communication over terrestrial communication. The document outlines the components of a satellite and how satellites stay in orbit. It also covers look angle determination, antenna types, link design, satellite orbits, applications, and the future of satellite communication.
The document discusses different types of antennas used for satellite communication systems. It describes earth station antennas including axisymmetric dishes, offset dishes, and array antennas. It also describes satellite antennas including circular/elliptical beam antennas for global coverage, shaped/contoured beam antennas using feed arrays, and multibeam antennas. Key antenna specifications like radiation pattern, gain, directivity, polarization are also discussed. Common antenna types mentioned include horn antennas, reflector antennas, and array antennas.
This document discusses pseudo-noise (PN) sequences, which are random-looking bit sequences that repeat periodically and have useful properties for applications like code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. It outlines a 15-stage PN generator using a shift register, describes the properties of equal probability of 1s and 0s and high auto-correlation. It also discusses how PN sequences are used for data detection through correlation and includes a MATLAB code example to generate a PN sequence.
The document discusses satellite communications, including the basic components and orbits of communication satellites, how they are used to transmit signals, and some of their applications such as television, radio, and mobile phones. Key orbits discussed include LEO, MEO, and GEO orbits, and the advantages and disadvantages of each for communication purposes. The document also covers frequency allocation and some of the challenges of using satellites for communication.
Space wave propagation involves radio waves that travel directly or after reflecting off the Earth's surface within the lower 20 km of the atmosphere. These waves can propagate line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver antennas in the VHF and UHF bands. Space waves follow two paths - direct or ground reflected - and may arrive in or out of phase, causing signal fluctuations. The maximum transmission distance is limited by the Earth's curvature and obstructions that can cause shadowing effects. Refractive phenomena like super-refraction can sometimes extend the radio horizon.
This document summarizes key aspects of satellite communication networks. It discusses the history of satellite systems from early experiments bouncing signals off the moon to modern communication satellites. It describes different types of satellite orbits including geostationary, medium earth, and low earth orbits. It also outlines coverage areas, frequency bands, look angles, and the basic components and functioning of uplink and downlink systems including transmitters, transponders, and receivers.
This document provides information about a course titled "Statistics and Probability" with course code STA 133 at Daffodil International University under the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. The document outlines the course name, code, and institution.
Satellite communication systems allow signals to be transmitted and received via satellites orbiting Earth. Key elements include the space segment consisting of satellites and the ground segment of earth stations. Satellites transmit signals in various frequency bands. Applications include internet access, environmental monitoring, disaster management, television and radio broadcasting, broadband internet, and military communications. While satellites provide global coverage, disadvantages include high capital costs and signal propagation delays. Satellite technology is crucial for many areas of modern society and communications.
This document discusses satellite communication, including what satellites are, how satellite communication systems work, different types of satellite orbits, the evolution of satellite technology from passive to active satellites, services provided by satellites such as television and radio broadcasting, advantages of satellite communication such as its universal and reliable coverage, and applications such as military and internet access. The future of satellite communication is discussed, with expectations that satellites will have more onboard processing capabilities and power to handle higher bandwidth demands.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX providing satellite Internet access. The constellation will consist of thousands of mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), working in combination with ground transceivers.
A communication satellite receives radio signals from earth stations, amplifies them, and redirects them back to earth. It acts as a radio relay in space, allowing signals to be transmitted over greater distances than would be possible with terrestrial communication methods alone. A satellite's transponder receives uplink signals, amplifies them using a low-noise amplifier, down converts the frequency, filters it, amplifies it again using a power amplifier, and retransmits it back to earth on the downlink frequency. This allows the satellite to receive and redirect communications between various earth stations.
This document provides an introduction to satellite communication. It discusses the basic structure of a satellite link with uplinks and downlinks using separate frequency bands. Common frequency bands used include C-band, extended C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. The document also describes geostationary satellites, signal levels, propagation delay, transponder equipment on satellites, and India's INSAT satellite program. Advantages of satellite communication include wide coverage area, suitability for both digital and analog transmission, high quality, flexibility, and ability to provide quick services and mobile/emergency communication.
This presentation provides an overview of small satellites, including microsatellites, nanosatellites, and picosatellites. It discusses the history and increasing use of small satellites worldwide. Key points include:
- Small satellites are less than 100kg and have smaller electronic components, making them more cost-effective for certain space missions.
- India has launched several small satellites in recent years including Jugnu in 2011, the first Indian nanosatellite developed by IIT Kanpur.
- Small satellites have applications in areas like weather measurement, communication, and earth observation and can provide efficient access to space for educational institutions and corporations.
- Advantages of small satellites include lower cost, easier launch
What Is a Satellite?
A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space.
Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites orbit Earth. Some take pictures of the planet that help meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some take pictures of other planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or faraway galaxies. These pictures help scientists better understand the solar system and universe.
Still other satellites are used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV signals and phone calls around the world. A group of more than 20 satellites make up the Global Positioning System, or GPS. If you have a GPS receiver, these satellites can help figure out your exact location.
Why Are Satellites Important?
The bird's-eye view that satellites have allows them to see large areas of Earth at one time. This ability means satellites can collect more data, more quickly, than instruments on the ground.
Satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at Earth's surface. That's because satellites fly above the clouds, dust and molecules in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level.
Before satellites, TV signals didn't go very far. TV signals only travel in straight lines. So they would quickly trail off into space instead of following Earth's curve. Sometimes mountains or tall buildings would block them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Setting up telephone wires over long distances or underwater is difficult and costs a lot.
With satellites, TV signals and phone calls are sent upward to a satellite. Then, almost instantly, the satellite can send them back down to different locations on Earth.
Bangabandhu Satellite-I
Bangabandhu 1 (BD-1), the first geostationary communications satellite of Bangladesh, was developed by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). The satellite was launched into geostationary earth orbit (GEO) in May 2018.
Located at 119.1°E longitude orbital position, Bangabandhu 1 provides broadcasting and telecommunication services to rural areas in Bangladesh. It also supports profitable services, including direct-to-home (DTH) services.
It offers Ku-band and C-band services across Bangladesh and its territorial waters of the Bay of Bengal, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
The satellite enables the nation to save approximately BDT1.08bn ($14m) spent on satellite rents a year. BTRC also plans to launch follow-on series of BD-2 and BD-3 satellites in phases.
This document provides an overview of satellite communications. It discusses how satellites serve as radio relay stations in space to allow point-to-point communication even in remote locations. Some key events in the history of satellite communication are noted, such as the launch of Early Bird in 1965, which was the first commercial satellite. The basic elements of a satellite communication system, including the satellite in space and ground stations, are described. Various uses of satellite communication are then outlined, such as traditional telecommunications, cellular networks, television broadcasting, and applications for maritime, air, and land mobile communication.
This document provides an overview of satellite communication. It defines a satellite and communications satellite, and explains that satellites receive, amplify and redirect radio frequency signals to enable global telecommunications. The key components of a satellite communication system are the space segment, including the satellite, and the ground segment, including earth stations. Satellites can be placed in different orbits, such as low earth orbit, medium earth orbit or geostationary orbit. Early systems used passive reflective satellites but active satellites now amplify signals. Satellite communication provides advantages like universal coverage and support for various applications including television, radio, internet and more. Future innovations will increase satellite capabilities and bandwidth.
Doordarshan is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharti, and nominated by the Government of India. It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world in terms of the infrastructure of studios and transmitters.
Doordarshan Kendra is amilestone in the field of entertainment and education media source. Doordarshan, muzaffarpur is the Program Production Center and transmition .. The studios are housed at same campus and the transmitter is located at the muzaffarpur.
AIR and Doordarshan aims to provide information, education and entertainment for the public. Its network of 1400 terrestrial transmitters cover more than 90.7% of India's
The document provides an overview of geostationary satellite communication systems and payloads. It discusses the basic functions that all satellite payloads perform, including receiving signals from Earth, separating and amplifying the signals, and transmitting them back to Earth. It describes common payload types like fixed satellite services payloads and their components. The document contains diagrams of typical payload architectures for C-band and Ku-band fixed satellite service payloads.
Satellite communication full report original 2Pranoosh T
The document provides an overview of satellite communication techniques for military aircraft. It discusses that while currently used UHF satellite communication is inexpensive and simple to install, it has limited capacity and is prone to interference. SHF and EHF satellite techniques offer increased bandwidth and capabilities like adaptive antennas. The document then discusses various components of satellite communication systems like different frequency bands used, types of satellites including GEO and LEO, advantages of satellite communication over terrestrial networks, and applications.
This document discusses satellite communications and provides an overview of key concepts:
- Satellite communications systems have two main components - the satellite in orbit which receives and transmits signals, and ground stations that send signals to and receive signals from the satellite.
- Satellites are used for various applications including telecommunications, cellular networks, television broadcasting, maritime communications, land mobile communications, aircraft messaging, and global positioning.
- Technological aspects discussed include error correction techniques like forward-error correction and automatic-repeat-request, hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks, and using protocols like TCP/IP over satellite links.
This document discusses satellite communication systems and concepts. It covers satellite subsystems, types of satellites including active and passive satellites, satellite transponders, satellite communication links including uplinks, downlinks and crosslinks. It also discusses satellite footprints, radiation patterns, types of earth stations and their transmitter and receiver components, and satellite frequency bands.
The document discusses different types of orbits used by satellites, including low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and geosynchronous orbit (GEO). It then focuses on using LEO satellites to provide affordable, high-speed internet access globally. Several companies are working on large LEO satellite constellations, including SpaceX, OneWeb, Amazon, and Kepler Communications. These companies face hurdles such as meeting service expectations, ensuring satellite reliability, managing space debris, addressing economic uncertainties, and navigating regulation.
Satellite communication involves transmitting signals to satellites that orbit Earth. The document discusses the key elements of satellite communication systems including the space segment consisting of satellites, launch systems, and antennas, and the ground segment including earth stations. It describes the different types of satellite orbits and how satellites have evolved from early passive reflective satellites to more advanced active satellites. The concluding sentences discuss how future satellites will have more onboard processing capabilities and power to handle increased bandwidth demands.
This document provides an overview of Japanese space development. It discusses engineering test satellites that were used to develop technologies for actual use satellites. It then describes several types of actual use satellites developed by Japan, including earth observation, communication, meteorological, and positioning satellites. It also discusses space science exploration, including lunar and planetary exploration, asteroid exploration, solar observation, and astronomical observation. The overall purpose is to improve knowledge about Japanese space development programs and technologies.
The document summarizes satellite communications and its components. It discusses how satellites are placed in geosynchronous orbit to appear stationary over a location on Earth. It describes the uplink and downlink systems, and how multiple satellites can provide global coverage through cross-linking. The key components of a satellite are also outlined, including the transponder and antenna system, power package, and control/information and thruster systems. Common uses of satellite communications discussed include traditional telecommunications, cellular networks, and television broadcasting.
Space/Satellite Spectrum Updates – 14th April 2015techUK
This document provides updates on UK spectrum usage and demand related to space and satellites. It discusses Ofcom's decision to extend Recognized Spectrum Access to two new frequency bands to promote more efficient spectrum use for receive-only earth stations. It also outlines some of the main discussions around spectrum that will affect the satellite industry at the upcoming WRC-15 conference, including the L-band, C-band, and Ka-band. Additionally, it mentions a proposal from a Swiss scientist to allocate spectrum at WRC-15 to support a satellite mission to track and de-orbit space debris.
Mohammad Mijanur Rahman completed a one-year job attachment at the Mohakhali Standard-A Satellite Earth Station in Dhaka, Bangladesh. During this time, he was responsible for running international circuits and maintaining satellite communication equipment. In this report, he provides an overview of the earth station, including its satellite orbit and technical components. He also summarizes key aspects of satellite communication systems such as uplinks, downlinks, frequency bands, and antenna size. The knowledge and experience gained during his job attachment provided valuable practical training.
This document provides an overview of satellite communications. It discusses the history of satellite communication, the main components which include the satellite and ground stations, and various utilities such as telecommunications, cellular networks, television signals, marine communications, spaceborne land mobile, and global positioning services. It also covers technological perspectives regarding the data characteristics of latency, poor bandwidth, and noise that satellite systems must address. Error correction techniques like forward-error-correction are used to mitigate the effects of noise on satellite links.
Similar to Bangabandhu 1 satellite । Bangabandhu Satellite-1 (20)
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
2. FIRSTUP
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Submitted To: INTRODUCING GROUPMEMBER
2
Md. Ashiqur Rahman
Sr. Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
World University of Bangladesh
Sabbir Ahmed Roll- 1874
Rubel Rana Roll- 1850
Rafsan Kabir Roll- 1875
Md. Ekramul Hasan Roll- 1721
Sharmin Akter Roll- 1800
Group Earth
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Presentation Outline
3Page
Page Title
1 Bangabandhu-1 satellite
2 Introduce group member
3 Presentation outline
4 What is Satellite
5 Orbital Classification
6 Satellite Communication
7 Introduction of Bangabandhu Satellite 1
8 Bangabandhu Satellite-1 Mission
9 Technical Information About Bangabandhu Satellite-1
10 Bangabandhu Satellite Launching time(Video)
11 Multiple access in satellite networks
12 block diagram of satellite system
13 satellite communication earth station
14 Bangabandhu-1 to open doors for massive opportunities
15 Bangabandhu-1 to open doors for massive opportunities
16 Bangabandhu-1 to open doors for massive opportunities
17 advantage of satellite communication
18 Disadvantage of satellite communication
19 Bangabandhu satellite project wins int'l award
20 Do you have any question, Please?
21 Thank you so much for being with us up to now.
4. FIRSTUP
CONSULTANTS
WHAT IS A SATELLITE?
A satellite is an object that moves around a larger object. Earth is a
satellite because it moves around the sun. The moon is a satellite
because it moves around Earth. Earth and the moon are called
"natural" satellites.
But usually when someone says "satellite," they are talking about a
"man-made" satellite. Man-made satellites are machines made by
people. These machines are launched into space and orbit Earth or
another body in space.
There are thousands of man-made satellites. Some take pictures of
our planet. These pictures help scientists learn about Earth, the solar
system and the universe. Other satellites send TV signals and phone
calls around the world.
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Figure: Satellite
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SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Two Stations on Earth want to communicate through
radio broadcast but are too far away to use
conventional means.
The two stations can use a satellite as a relay station for
their communication
One Earth Station sends a transmission to the satellite.
This is called a Uplink.
The satellite Transponder converts the signal and sends
it down to the second earth station. This is called a
Downlink.
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Figure: Satellite Communication
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CONSULTANTS
INTRODUCTION OF BANGABANDHU SATELLITE 1
Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company
Limited was established on 15 August 2017.
Bangabandhu Communication satellite is the first
satellite of Bangladesh.
The Bangabandhu Satellite-1 (BANGABANDHUSAT-
1 or BS-1) is the first Bangladeshi geostationary
communications and Broadcasting Satellite.
It was launched on 11 May 2018. The project is being
implemented by Bangladesh Telecommunication
Regulatory Commission (BTRC) and was the first
payload launched by a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket of
SpaceX.
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Figure: Bangabandhu Satellite
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BANGABANDHU SATELLITE-1 MISSION
Mission Overview
SpaceX is targeting launch of Bangabandhu Satellite-1 on Friday, May 11 from
Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
The launch window opens at 4:14 p.m. EDT, or 20:14 UTC, and closes at
6:21p.m. EDT or 22:21 UTC. Bangabandhu Satellite-1 will be deployed into a
geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) approximately 33 minutes after launch.
A backup launch window opens on Saturday, May 12 at 4:15 p.m. EDT, or
20:15 UTC, and closes at 6:21 p.m. EDT, or 22:21 UTC.
The Bangabandhu Satellite-1 mission will be the first to utilize Falcon 9 Block
5, the final substantial upgrade to SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Falcon 9
Block 5 is designed to be capable of 10 or more flights with very limited
refurbishment as SpaceX continues to strive for rapid reusability and extremely
high reliability.
Following stage separation, SpaceX will attempt to land Falcon 9’s first stage
on the “Of Course I Still Love You” droneship, which will be stationed in the
Atlantic Ocean.
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Figure: Official SpaceX Bangabandhu Satellite-1
mission patch
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TECHNICAL INFORMATIONABOUT BANGABANDHU SATELLITE-1
Orbital Position- 119.1° E
Transponders- Total 40 (14 C-band, 26 Ku-band)
Platform- SPACEBUS 4000 B2
Solar Array- 3-panels per wing with GaAs cells
Batteries- Li-Ion Mono-battery
Propulsion- Full chemical
Launch Mass- > 3600 Kg on Falcon 9
Mission Life- Minimum 15 Years
Design Life- 18 years
9
Figure: Orbital Position
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MULTIPLEACCESS INSATELLITE NETWORKS
Basic Multiple Access Schemes:
Frequency Division bandwidth:
- Allows smaller size antennas
- Not flexible, not suitable for dynamic bandwidth allocation
Time Division bandwidth:
- Requires high transmission power and large antenna
- Highly flexible, suitable for dynamic bandwidth allocation
- Fits well in all-digital network management
- Synchronisation is a problem
- Better use of downlink power
Code division Bandwidth:
- Synchronisation is only an end-to-end problem
- Popular in military applications due its resistance against jamming
- Resistance against multi-path and frequency- selective fading
- Popular in cellular networks
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OFSATELLITE SYSTEM
The uplink frequencies (5.9---6.4 GHZ) are used
for TIN from the earth station to the satellite and
down link frequencies (3.7-4.2GHZ).
The above frequencies are used for TIN from the
satellite to the earth station the uplink frequencies
are converted to lower frequencies by the mixer
and local Osc, the com satellite acts as a repeater
station it receives the signal, amplifiers it and then
transmitted over a next frequencies to avoid
interference between the uplink signal and down
link , the two way communication is established
with the help of transponder a com satellite has
multi transponder per satellite has in creased over
the year ,a satellite with 2 transponder can support
a signal T.V channel or 240 telephone lines a
satellite with 48 transponder can accommodate
4000T.P CKTS and 2 TV channels now-a-days in
satellite using a digital tech , due to which One
satellite can handle 120,000 T.P4 channels and
more then 500 T.V channels.
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Figure: Block diagram of Satellite system
13. FIRSTUP
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SATELLITE COMMUNICATION EARTH STATION
The equipment used in satellite earth station are
shown in fig the earth station consist of a dish
antenna transmitter which can transmit a high
frequencies (5.9-6.4GHZ) micro wave signals,
some earth stations also called ground station ,
which can transmit and receive the signals while
others can only receive signals.
A high directive and a high gain antenna is
necessary at the earth station , because the losses
over the long TIN path is very high the signals
power reaching back to the earth station from
satellite is very small . there fore at receiving end a
parabolic dish antenna with 61m diameter provides
a high gain and thus amplify the signal power , it is
important to have a low noise amplifier before the
mixer stage in the receiver C,K,T at the satellite
earth terminal.
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Figure: satellite communication earth station
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BANGABANDHU-1 TO OPEN DOORS FOR MASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES
Bangladesh becomes a member of the exclusive club of
satellite-owning countries as its first commercial satellite,
opening the doors for huge opportunities.
Experts, policymakers, and people related with the country’s
most sophisticated project said this satellite will give extra
space to the digitization process and at the same time, the
country will earn a huge amount of respect from foreign
nations after its successful journey.
They said the country's first geostationary communication
satellite will firstly help the expansion of internet and
telecommunication services in remote and rugged areas
which still remained beyond the coverage.
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Figure: Bangabandhu-1 Satellite
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BANGABANDHU-1 TO OPEN DOORS FOR MASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES
Bangladesh’s annual expenditure for satellite connectivity is
$14m. The cost is due to renting bandwidth from foreign
operators. After the BS-1 launch, it would be unnecessary.
Private TV channel operators and Direct-to-Home (DTH) as
alternative of cable television service providers will be the
main consumers of the satellite, according to officials.
The weather department, as well as the defense sector, will
also benefit from the satellite.
The BS-1 will help to bring uninterrupted telecommunication
during disasters like cyclone or tornado.
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Figure: Bangabandhu-1 Satellite
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CONSULTANTS
BANGABANDHU-1 TO OPEN DOORS FOR MASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES
Faster broadcasting system
Direct-to-Home services always provide faster access to
worldwide television entertainment.
Currently, there are only two companies that have a license
from the government. These are Beximco and Buyer Media
Limited.
Before, the operators conducted a monopoly business. Now
there will be a big change and easier, faster access to global
TV entertainment will be ensured.
The satellite will make video distribution easier too. The
broadcasters can effortlessly distribute their content to
intermediaries like cable TV network operators or re-
broadcasters like DTH operators.
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Figure: Bangabandhu-1 Satellite
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ADVANTAGE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
1. The satellite communication is very helpful for the people staying in remote
areas.
2. The satellite communication services are very helpful for the department of
defense, where the people on the fields cannot use the wired service every time.
3. The satellite communication provides with the status of weather.
4. Satellite communication services being so portable are very easy to install and
user-friendly as well.
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18. FIRSTUP
CONSULTANTS
DISADVANTAGE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
1. Launching satellites into orbit is costly.
2. Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up.
3. There are a larger propagation delay and noise interference in
satellite communication
4. Impossibility to repair and maintain
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CONSULTANTS
BANGABANDHU SATELLITE PROJECT WINS INT'LAWARD
Bangabandhu Satellite Project has
got the prestigious “Recognition of
Excellence” award from the
International Telecommunication
Union (ITU).
State Minister for Post and
Telecommunications Tarana Halim
received the award on behalf of the
government at the concluding
ceremony of the four-day ITU
Telecom World 2016 in Bangkok.
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Picture: State Minister Tarana Halim received the award