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BANDE ISM
Industrial, Scientific and Medical




                   1
Chi è?




                Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
         (22 febbraio 1857 – 1 gennaio 1894)

                            2
SRD (Short Range Devices)
 SISTEMI A RADIOFREQUENZA, CON NORMATIVA
 DEFINITA IN AMBITO EUROPEO PER LIBERO UTILIZZO

 Bande disponibili per libero utilizzo:

  433.05 ÷ 434.79 Mhz      Utilizzo Generico
  863 ÷ 865 Mhz            Audio
  868 ÷ 870 Mhz            Sotto Bande specializzate
  2.4 ÷ 2.5 Ghz            Dati,Video, Reti Lan, BlueTooth,
                           WiFi, Zig Bee…




                                 3
Scelta della banda in funzione delle
esigenze del prodotto

           • Quanta strada devo fare?
           • Cosa devo trasmettere?
           • Quanto posso consumare?
           • E’ una soluzione semplice?
           • Quanto spazio ho?
           • Quanto costa?




                             4
Utilizzo tipico delle bande

 434 MHz   Telecomandi codificati
           Telemetria dati low speed

 863 MHz   Audio con normativa specifica

 868 MHz   Telecomandi codificati
           Telemetria dati low speed
           Specializzazione bande sia come duty cycle che come
           potenza

 2.4 GHz   Possibile ampia banda passante per reti dati.
           Massima complessità del sistema RF sia come hardware
           (tecniche di modulazione), sia come software (reti
           complesse).
                              5
Short Range Devices: CEPT
(Conférence européenne des administrations des postes et des télécommunications)

Reserved Frequencies (434 Mhz)

                                                                                                    10 mW ERP



                                                                                               10 mW ERP

                                                                                              1 mW ERP
            433.05                                   434.04                        434.79
        433.0                                    434.0                                      435.0

                  Duty Cycle up to 100%, No channel spacing. Power density limited to -13dBm/10Khz
                  for wideband channels with a bandwidth greater than 250Khz.
                  Max Duty Cycle 100% , channel spacing up to 25Khz

                  Max Duty Cycle 10% , No channel spacing

     Telemetry, Telecommand, Alarms, Data in general and other similar applications.
     The band is also designed for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) application as defined in ITU Radio Regulation.
     Audio and voice signals should be avoided in the band 433.050÷434.79 Mhz.
     Antenna Type: integral or dedicated


                                                              6
Audio Short Range Devices: Reserved
Frequencies (863÷865 Mhz)
 Allowed antenna type integral or dedicated


         10 mW ERP



  10 mW ERP

                863                           864                      865



           Wireless Audio Applications – Duty cycle up to 100%, No channel spacing. In case of
           analogue systems the max occupied bandwidth should not exceed 300 Khz. Narrow band
           analogue voice devices (such as baby voice monitors, door entry systems etc ) should
           only use the band 864.8-865 MHz with duty cycle up to 100% and 50 Khz channel
           spacing.

           Radio microphones – Duty cycle up to 100%, 200 Khz channel spacing.
           In case of analogue systems the maximum occupied bandwidth should not exceed 300 kHz


                                                    7
Short Range Devices: CEPT Reserved Frequencies (868Mhz)

                                                                                                                                     ERP
                                                                                                                                   500 mW
                                                        Antenna type: integral or dedicated
                 25 mW




                 10 mW
                        5 mW

                       ERP                                                                                        869.2 869.3 869.4           869.65
                                                                                                      869.0
                               868.0                                   868.6    868.7
Telecommand, Alarms, Data,…)




                                                                                                                     869.25                       869.7
Non-specific SRD (Telemetry,




                                                   Max duty cycle 1%, No channel spacing. Below 868.5 Mhz the usage of a dedicated frequency channel is avoided and a
                                                   technology that allows automatic channel selection of a free channel within the band should be used.


                                                   Max duty cycle 0.1%, No channel spacing.

                                                   Channel spacing 25Khz. An appropriate access protocol should be used (EN XXX XXX). No restriction on duty cycle

                                                   Max duty cycle 10%, 25 Khz channel spacing. The whole band may also be used as 1 channel for high speed data
                                                   transmission.
                                                   Duty cycle up to 100%. No channel spacing. The adjacent frequency band above this band has been designated for use by
                                                   the high powered TETRA service. Manufacturers should take this into account in the design of the e.i.r.p.

                                                                     Max duty cycle 0.1%, 25Khz channel spacing. May also be used as 1 channel for high speed data
                               and for security)
                               Alarms (general




                                                                     transmissions

                                                                     Max duty cycle 0.1%, 25Khz channel spacing. Frequency band 869.20 ÷ 869.25 is for social alarms

                                                                     Max duty cycle 10%, 25Khz channel spacing.
                                                                                                  8
CEPT Reserved Frequencies 2.4 GHz
                                                                              500 mW EIRP




                                                                                            100 mW EIRP



                                                                                        10/25 mW EIRP
                                                                                                        MHz
                                        2440
     2400                                                                    2483.5
                                               2446 2454
      No restrinction on duty cycle. No channel spacing.
       10 mW EIRP      Telemetry, Telecommand, Alarms, Data in general. Video applications. Industrial, scientific and
      medical (ISM) application as defined in ITU Radio Regulation.
       25 mW EIRP      Equipment for Detecting Movement and Equipment for Alert.

      No restriction on duty cycle. No channel spacing. Wideband data transmission systems: Radio Local Area
      Networks. For direct sequence spread spectrum the maximum spectrum power density is limited to -20 dBW/1
      MHz. For FHSS the maximum spectrum power density is limited to –10 dBW/100 kHz.

      Railways applications (Automatic Vehicle Identification). No restriction on duty cycle.Transmitting only in presence of
      trains. 5 channels, each 1.5 MHz wide.

      RFID applications (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques should be used
      as means of mitigation when more than 500 mW EIRP is used.):
       500 mW EIRP, duty cycle up to 100%. No channel spacing.
       4 W EIRP, duty cycle < 15 %. Power levels above 500 mW are restricted to use inside the
      boundaries of a building and   the duty cycle shall in this case be <= 15 % in any 200 ms
      period (30 ms on /170 ms off).                   9
FORNITORI DI RIFERIMETO - Transceivers

           ADF702x

           ATA542x

           CYRF6936

           EM250

           MC1319x, MC1320x, MC1321x

           MICRF50x

           CC1100, CC1150, CC2500, CC2550

                       10
MODULI



         XTR CYP 2.4GHz




         TRX – 433/868




           11
Protocollo e applicazioni

           Tecnologia Bluetooth
            E’ stata pensata per:
         •Comunicazioni a corto raggio
•Essere utilizzata da dispositivi dotati di batterie
      •Supportare sia traffico voce che dati
•Essere utilizzata in tutto il mondo (banda ISM)

             E’ caratterizzata da:
                   •Basso costo
           •Basso consumo di potenza
                   •Affidabilità
                •Specifice aperte
                          12
Modulazione: Frequency hopping pseudocasuale
79 canali da 1MHz
Slot temporali da 625us

Piconet: Due o più dispositivi (max 7 attivi)
Architettura a stella

Profili: definiscono i requisiti necessari per
Permettere l’interoperabilità fra le applicazioni.

Sicurezza del canale: Pairing, autenticazione, cifratura
Autorizzazione


                         13
MODULI


 National



 STMicroelectronics




       14
GRAZIE!!!




    15

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Bande Ism

  • 2. Chi è? Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 febbraio 1857 – 1 gennaio 1894) 2
  • 3. SRD (Short Range Devices) SISTEMI A RADIOFREQUENZA, CON NORMATIVA DEFINITA IN AMBITO EUROPEO PER LIBERO UTILIZZO Bande disponibili per libero utilizzo: 433.05 ÷ 434.79 Mhz Utilizzo Generico 863 ÷ 865 Mhz Audio 868 ÷ 870 Mhz Sotto Bande specializzate 2.4 ÷ 2.5 Ghz Dati,Video, Reti Lan, BlueTooth, WiFi, Zig Bee… 3
  • 4. Scelta della banda in funzione delle esigenze del prodotto • Quanta strada devo fare? • Cosa devo trasmettere? • Quanto posso consumare? • E’ una soluzione semplice? • Quanto spazio ho? • Quanto costa? 4
  • 5. Utilizzo tipico delle bande 434 MHz Telecomandi codificati Telemetria dati low speed 863 MHz Audio con normativa specifica 868 MHz Telecomandi codificati Telemetria dati low speed Specializzazione bande sia come duty cycle che come potenza 2.4 GHz Possibile ampia banda passante per reti dati. Massima complessità del sistema RF sia come hardware (tecniche di modulazione), sia come software (reti complesse). 5
  • 6. Short Range Devices: CEPT (Conférence européenne des administrations des postes et des télécommunications) Reserved Frequencies (434 Mhz) 10 mW ERP 10 mW ERP 1 mW ERP 433.05 434.04 434.79 433.0 434.0 435.0 Duty Cycle up to 100%, No channel spacing. Power density limited to -13dBm/10Khz for wideband channels with a bandwidth greater than 250Khz. Max Duty Cycle 100% , channel spacing up to 25Khz Max Duty Cycle 10% , No channel spacing Telemetry, Telecommand, Alarms, Data in general and other similar applications. The band is also designed for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) application as defined in ITU Radio Regulation. Audio and voice signals should be avoided in the band 433.050÷434.79 Mhz. Antenna Type: integral or dedicated 6
  • 7. Audio Short Range Devices: Reserved Frequencies (863÷865 Mhz) Allowed antenna type integral or dedicated 10 mW ERP 10 mW ERP 863 864 865 Wireless Audio Applications – Duty cycle up to 100%, No channel spacing. In case of analogue systems the max occupied bandwidth should not exceed 300 Khz. Narrow band analogue voice devices (such as baby voice monitors, door entry systems etc ) should only use the band 864.8-865 MHz with duty cycle up to 100% and 50 Khz channel spacing. Radio microphones – Duty cycle up to 100%, 200 Khz channel spacing. In case of analogue systems the maximum occupied bandwidth should not exceed 300 kHz 7
  • 8. Short Range Devices: CEPT Reserved Frequencies (868Mhz) ERP 500 mW Antenna type: integral or dedicated 25 mW 10 mW 5 mW ERP 869.2 869.3 869.4 869.65 869.0 868.0 868.6 868.7 Telecommand, Alarms, Data,…) 869.25 869.7 Non-specific SRD (Telemetry, Max duty cycle 1%, No channel spacing. Below 868.5 Mhz the usage of a dedicated frequency channel is avoided and a technology that allows automatic channel selection of a free channel within the band should be used. Max duty cycle 0.1%, No channel spacing. Channel spacing 25Khz. An appropriate access protocol should be used (EN XXX XXX). No restriction on duty cycle Max duty cycle 10%, 25 Khz channel spacing. The whole band may also be used as 1 channel for high speed data transmission. Duty cycle up to 100%. No channel spacing. The adjacent frequency band above this band has been designated for use by the high powered TETRA service. Manufacturers should take this into account in the design of the e.i.r.p. Max duty cycle 0.1%, 25Khz channel spacing. May also be used as 1 channel for high speed data and for security) Alarms (general transmissions Max duty cycle 0.1%, 25Khz channel spacing. Frequency band 869.20 ÷ 869.25 is for social alarms Max duty cycle 10%, 25Khz channel spacing. 8
  • 9. CEPT Reserved Frequencies 2.4 GHz 500 mW EIRP 100 mW EIRP 10/25 mW EIRP MHz 2440 2400 2483.5 2446 2454 No restrinction on duty cycle. No channel spacing. 10 mW EIRP Telemetry, Telecommand, Alarms, Data in general. Video applications. Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) application as defined in ITU Radio Regulation. 25 mW EIRP Equipment for Detecting Movement and Equipment for Alert. No restriction on duty cycle. No channel spacing. Wideband data transmission systems: Radio Local Area Networks. For direct sequence spread spectrum the maximum spectrum power density is limited to -20 dBW/1 MHz. For FHSS the maximum spectrum power density is limited to –10 dBW/100 kHz. Railways applications (Automatic Vehicle Identification). No restriction on duty cycle.Transmitting only in presence of trains. 5 channels, each 1.5 MHz wide. RFID applications (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques should be used as means of mitigation when more than 500 mW EIRP is used.): 500 mW EIRP, duty cycle up to 100%. No channel spacing. 4 W EIRP, duty cycle < 15 %. Power levels above 500 mW are restricted to use inside the boundaries of a building and the duty cycle shall in this case be <= 15 % in any 200 ms period (30 ms on /170 ms off). 9
  • 10. FORNITORI DI RIFERIMETO - Transceivers ADF702x ATA542x CYRF6936 EM250 MC1319x, MC1320x, MC1321x MICRF50x CC1100, CC1150, CC2500, CC2550 10
  • 11. MODULI XTR CYP 2.4GHz TRX – 433/868 11
  • 12. Protocollo e applicazioni Tecnologia Bluetooth E’ stata pensata per: •Comunicazioni a corto raggio •Essere utilizzata da dispositivi dotati di batterie •Supportare sia traffico voce che dati •Essere utilizzata in tutto il mondo (banda ISM) E’ caratterizzata da: •Basso costo •Basso consumo di potenza •Affidabilità •Specifice aperte 12
  • 13. Modulazione: Frequency hopping pseudocasuale 79 canali da 1MHz Slot temporali da 625us Piconet: Due o più dispositivi (max 7 attivi) Architettura a stella Profili: definiscono i requisiti necessari per Permettere l’interoperabilità fra le applicazioni. Sicurezza del canale: Pairing, autenticazione, cifratura Autorizzazione 13