Ballet began in the French court in the 15th century and was further developed and codified during the reign of Louis XIV in the 17th century. Romantic ballet emerged in the early 1800s featuring supernatural themes and ballerinas as stars. Classical ballet flourished in the late 1800s, exemplified by the works of Marius Petipa and performances of the Mariinsky Ballet. The early 20th century was dominated by Diaghilev's Ballet Russes, focusing on total artistic collaboration, and George Balanchine's establishment of ballet in America.