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Ballet Histor y

8th Grade Physical Education
Ballet Beginnings
 Catherine de Medici- Italian Princess,
  brought Italian performers & culture to
  France
   October 15, 1581- First ballet performed called
    Comique de la Reine, political satire
 Became very fashionable for all the wealthy
  to learn to dance
 The first ballet “stars” were all kings
Ballet Codified
 Louis XIV, Sun King- 1650’s
   Used dance as a way to control his court. Where you
    danced & how good you were affected your power with
    the king. Everyone was so busy trying to win favor with
    their dance skill, no one tried to plot against him.
   Opened Paris Opera & Paris Opera Ballet School
 Louis hired Pierre Beauchamps to define specific
  steps, name them, turn-out, positions, & technique
 Marie Camargo- shortened skirt to show off her feet
  when she jumped, scandalous!
 Costumes- heavy tight, constricted use of arms,
  high heels
 Ballet d’Action- story is told though gesture &
  pantomime
Louis XIII, the Sun
King, performing as
Apollo, the Sun God




          Marie Camargo
Romantic Ballet:                                           Early 1800’s
 Themes:
    foreign lands
    escaping daily human life- the working class became more important
     during the French & Industrial Revolution, fewer stories about royalty
    Feminine- ballerina worship
    unattainable love- supernatural beings, depressing endings,
    Forest settings- more magical than cities, most people lived in cities &
     worked in factories, new technology for forest effects (gas lights,
     pointe shoes, tulle-light, hid human legs, floating & supernaturally
     white)
 Famous Ballets: Giselle, La Sylphide, & Pas de Quatre
 August Bournonville- began Danish school of Ballet
  Technique, have the same class for each day of the week!
 Marie Taglioni-huge star of the era, first to dance en pointe,
  “In 1837 she traveled to Russia, where sweets and hairstyles were names after
  her. After her last performance a group of ardent fans purchased a pair of her
  pointe shoes for two hundred roubles and put them into a sauce which they ate.”
La Sylphide




                               Pas de Quatre   Giselle

Marie Taglioni
Classical Ballet
 1783, Catherine II, the Great, Czarina of Russia,
  began the Marriinsky Ballet Theatre (Kirov Ballet) in
  St. Petersburg, government paid for everything
 Marius Petipa- Russian ballet master & renowned
  choreographer, choreographed over 50 ballets,
 Petipa/Classical Style: Showed off technique while
  the plot was secondary
      5-6 acts long, at least two acts were pantomime or party scenes
      Lavish and expensive
      Usually about royalty, nobility or fantasy & fairy tales
      Divertissement- diversion from the story, danced just to show off
       technique, lots of peasant character dances from around the world
 Bigger Corps de Ballet
 Grand Pas de Deux- for male & female principal
  dancers, four parts
     Entrée (entrance) & Adagio
     Male Variation
     Female Variation
     Coda
 Famous Ballets: Swan Lake, The Nutcracker,
  Sleeping Beauty, Coppelia, Pharoh’s Daughter, La
  Bayadere, Les Corsaire, Don Quixote, Paquita
 Classical Tutu- designed by Petipa to show off his
  choreography, has as much fabric as length of a
  football field (100 yards)
 Enrico Cecchetti- developed Italian training
  method
Sleeping Beauty
                                Swan Lake




                                     The Nutcracker




La Bayadere
                                   Coppelia
Contemporary Era, 1909-
 Now Diaghilev- began the Ballet Russe company
 Sergei
 that toured all over the world
   Diaghilev Style: total theatre- idea that music, dance,
    costume, setting, light, & design were all equally important,
    collaboration in the arts
      The dancing told the story not the mime, full body expressiveness,
       less corps de ballet
   Many famous dancers: Vaslav Nijinksy, Anna Pavlova
   Artists, Choreographers, & Musicians- Bakst, Benois,
    Mikhail Fokine, Vaslav Nijinsky, George Balanchine & Igor
    Stravinsky, Picasso, Dali
   Famous Ballets: Les Sylphides, Petrushka, La Spectre de
    la Rose, Afternoon of a Faun, Rite of Spring, Les Noches,
    Apollo, Prodigal Son
Petrushka                                Apollo
                          Les Noches

            Afternoon of a Faun




                                  Les Sylphides




            La Spectre
            de la Rose
 George Balanchine-
    Invited by Lincoln Kirstein to leave Russia & Ballet
     Russe & come to America
    1948-first to create a successful American
     company, New York City Ballet
 Famous Ballets: Serenade (based on rehearsal
  mishaps), Jewels, A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
  Concerto Barocco, Prodigal Son, Apollo, Stars &
  Stripes, Steadfast Tin Soldier, Sylvia Pas de Deux,
  Western Symphony,
Jewels- Rubies                       Western
                                                       Symphony
Sylvia




         Serenade




                                     Stars & Stripes
Major Companies
            Around the World
 United States
    American Ballet Theatre (JKO School)
    New York City Ballet (School of American Ballet)
 Russia
    Mariinsky Theatre Ballet, called Kirov Ballet during Communism,
     (Vaganova Institute)
    Bolshoi Ballet Theatre
 England
    Royal Ballet Theatre (Royal Ballet School, Royal Dance Academy)
 France
    Paris Opera Ballet (Paris Opera School)
 Denmark
    Royal Danish Ballet (Bournonville School)
 Italy
    La Scala (Checcitti School)

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Ballet history

  • 1. Ballet Histor y 8th Grade Physical Education
  • 2. Ballet Beginnings  Catherine de Medici- Italian Princess, brought Italian performers & culture to France  October 15, 1581- First ballet performed called Comique de la Reine, political satire  Became very fashionable for all the wealthy to learn to dance  The first ballet “stars” were all kings
  • 3. Ballet Codified  Louis XIV, Sun King- 1650’s  Used dance as a way to control his court. Where you danced & how good you were affected your power with the king. Everyone was so busy trying to win favor with their dance skill, no one tried to plot against him.  Opened Paris Opera & Paris Opera Ballet School  Louis hired Pierre Beauchamps to define specific steps, name them, turn-out, positions, & technique  Marie Camargo- shortened skirt to show off her feet when she jumped, scandalous!  Costumes- heavy tight, constricted use of arms, high heels  Ballet d’Action- story is told though gesture & pantomime
  • 4. Louis XIII, the Sun King, performing as Apollo, the Sun God Marie Camargo
  • 5. Romantic Ballet: Early 1800’s  Themes:  foreign lands  escaping daily human life- the working class became more important during the French & Industrial Revolution, fewer stories about royalty  Feminine- ballerina worship  unattainable love- supernatural beings, depressing endings,  Forest settings- more magical than cities, most people lived in cities & worked in factories, new technology for forest effects (gas lights, pointe shoes, tulle-light, hid human legs, floating & supernaturally white)  Famous Ballets: Giselle, La Sylphide, & Pas de Quatre  August Bournonville- began Danish school of Ballet Technique, have the same class for each day of the week!  Marie Taglioni-huge star of the era, first to dance en pointe, “In 1837 she traveled to Russia, where sweets and hairstyles were names after her. After her last performance a group of ardent fans purchased a pair of her pointe shoes for two hundred roubles and put them into a sauce which they ate.”
  • 6. La Sylphide Pas de Quatre Giselle Marie Taglioni
  • 7. Classical Ballet  1783, Catherine II, the Great, Czarina of Russia, began the Marriinsky Ballet Theatre (Kirov Ballet) in St. Petersburg, government paid for everything  Marius Petipa- Russian ballet master & renowned choreographer, choreographed over 50 ballets,  Petipa/Classical Style: Showed off technique while the plot was secondary  5-6 acts long, at least two acts were pantomime or party scenes  Lavish and expensive  Usually about royalty, nobility or fantasy & fairy tales  Divertissement- diversion from the story, danced just to show off technique, lots of peasant character dances from around the world  Bigger Corps de Ballet
  • 8.  Grand Pas de Deux- for male & female principal dancers, four parts  Entrée (entrance) & Adagio  Male Variation  Female Variation  Coda  Famous Ballets: Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty, Coppelia, Pharoh’s Daughter, La Bayadere, Les Corsaire, Don Quixote, Paquita  Classical Tutu- designed by Petipa to show off his choreography, has as much fabric as length of a football field (100 yards)  Enrico Cecchetti- developed Italian training method
  • 9. Sleeping Beauty Swan Lake The Nutcracker La Bayadere Coppelia
  • 10. Contemporary Era, 1909- Now Diaghilev- began the Ballet Russe company  Sergei that toured all over the world  Diaghilev Style: total theatre- idea that music, dance, costume, setting, light, & design were all equally important, collaboration in the arts  The dancing told the story not the mime, full body expressiveness, less corps de ballet  Many famous dancers: Vaslav Nijinksy, Anna Pavlova  Artists, Choreographers, & Musicians- Bakst, Benois, Mikhail Fokine, Vaslav Nijinsky, George Balanchine & Igor Stravinsky, Picasso, Dali  Famous Ballets: Les Sylphides, Petrushka, La Spectre de la Rose, Afternoon of a Faun, Rite of Spring, Les Noches, Apollo, Prodigal Son
  • 11. Petrushka Apollo Les Noches Afternoon of a Faun Les Sylphides La Spectre de la Rose
  • 12.  George Balanchine-  Invited by Lincoln Kirstein to leave Russia & Ballet Russe & come to America  1948-first to create a successful American company, New York City Ballet  Famous Ballets: Serenade (based on rehearsal mishaps), Jewels, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Concerto Barocco, Prodigal Son, Apollo, Stars & Stripes, Steadfast Tin Soldier, Sylvia Pas de Deux, Western Symphony,
  • 13. Jewels- Rubies Western Symphony Sylvia Serenade Stars & Stripes
  • 14. Major Companies Around the World  United States  American Ballet Theatre (JKO School)  New York City Ballet (School of American Ballet)  Russia  Mariinsky Theatre Ballet, called Kirov Ballet during Communism, (Vaganova Institute)  Bolshoi Ballet Theatre  England  Royal Ballet Theatre (Royal Ballet School, Royal Dance Academy)  France  Paris Opera Ballet (Paris Opera School)  Denmark  Royal Danish Ballet (Bournonville School)  Italy  La Scala (Checcitti School)