The document discusses the production of nanomaterials through the ball milling method, covering its history, construction, parameters, and applications. Ball milling, a top-down approach, efficiently synthesizes metallic and ceramic nanomaterials, although it has disadvantages such as energy consumption and limited control over particle size. The conclusion emphasizes the cost-effectiveness and potential for future developments in this area.

2. Production of Nano Magnetic Materials:
BALL MILLING METHOD
PRESENTED BY: M.Ali Raza
SUPERVISED BY: DR. Ajaz-un-Nabi
Roll No: 230939
MPhil Physics (Nanotechnology)

3. Table of contents:
1. Synthesis of Nano Materials(Techniques)
2. Ball Milling
 History
 Definition
 Ball milling process
 Construction
 Parameters
 Types
3. Applications of Ball milling
4. Characterization
5. Conclusion

4. Synthesis of Nano Materials
Top-Down Approach
Breakdown of large materials
 Carving or sculpting-
Wide size distribution
 Less control over size, shape,
composition
 More defects, contamination
Bottom-Up Approach
 Assembly of single atoms,
molecules
 Precise control over size, shape,
composition
Fewer defects, homogenous
composition
Narrow size distribution
 More straightforward, precise
synthesis

5. History of Ball Milling….
 Invented in 1870 by Friedrich Fischer
 Initially used for grinding cement and
coal
 Later adapted for mechanical alloying
and nanomaterial synthesis

6. BALL MILLING
What is Ball Milling Method?
 Process was developed by Benjamin And his coworkers at International Nickel
company in the Late 1960.
 - A top-down approach for nanoparticle synthesis.
 Mechanical breakdown of large substances into
smaller ones.
 It is used in producing metallic
as well as ceramic nanomaterial.

7. Ball Mill Construction..
 Drum: Made of stainless steel, iron, or ceramic materials
 Balls: Made of stainless steel, iron, or tungsten carbide
Rotator : Rotate Cylinderical part of Ball milling process
Powder of substance whose
Nanomaterials will form

8. Working of Ball Milling….
 we fill 60% of volume of a cylinder by powder of substance
(Nanomaterial) and Metal balls.
 The velocity of Cylinder is responsible for this process.
 (1) If velocity of Cylinder is increases then impact is also increases
 (i) velocity of Cylinder neither high nor low.
 (ii) Milling Time is also responsible for Synthesis of Nanomaterial

9. Ball Milling Parameters..
 Ball size and material
 Rotation speed: Approx (31.94) rev per min
 Milling time 100-150 hrs
 Ball-to-material mass ratio 10:1 to 20:1

10. Types of Ball Mills…
 Planetary ball mill
 Rotatory ball mill
Vibration ball mill
 Attritor ball mill

11. Applications of Ball Milling..
 Synthesis of metal oxides
 Synthesis of ceramics
 Synthesis of polymers
 Synthesis of magnetic materials

12. Characterization of Nanomaterial's
 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
 Dynamic light scattering (DLS)

13. Advantages Disadvantages
Can be used dry or wet
 High efficiency
Versatility
 Scalability
 Optimal milling parameters
 Bulky size
 Energy consumption
 Contamination
 Limited control over
particle shape and size
distribution
 Noise
 Slow process

14. Conclusion
Summary:
Ball milling is a cost-effective and efficient method for synthesizing
nanomaterial.
Future outlook:
Continued research and development to overcome challenges and improve
properties.