This document provides an overview of slit steel dampers (SSD) for passive energy dissipation in structures. It discusses how metallic dampers dissipate energy through the inelastic deformation of metals in a hysteretic behavior. The quasi-static cyclic test is used to assess damper performance based on FEMA standards. SSDs have nonlinear hysteretic behavior that advantages dissipating dynamic energy in linear systems. Different SSD geometries like strip, tapered, and oval shaped models are proposed and their effects on damper performance are significant. The conclusion is that steel dampers are popular for low cost and excellent vibration mitigation, and oval shaped SSDs show potential as alternative passive dissipation devices.

1. Preliminary Study on Slit Steel Dampers (SSD)
for Passive Energy Dissipation Control
Devices of Structures: An Overview
B. A. Ampangallo*⁾, H. Parung, R. Irmawaty, A. A. Amiruddin
*⁾Doctoral Student of Civil Engineering Dept. Hasanuddin University
e-mail: bastianartanto@ymail.com

2. OUTLINE
Slit Steel Damper
Hysteresis Behaviour
of SSD
Mechanism and
Parameters
Introduction
Comparison of Model
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Over the past few decades world has experienced
numerous devastating earthquakes.
Occurrence of such damages during earthquakes
clearly demonstrates the high seismic hazards.
Structures need to be designed very carefully to
protect from earthquakes.
This article presents one of the most economical and
yet the most efective approaches used in structural
vibration control.

4. Introduction
Structural control systems have gained
popularity for the ability to reduce the
structural vibration response of civil
structures subjected to different types
of dynamic loads.
Structural vibration control systems:
active, semi-active, and passive.
Passive systems: inexpensive and protect
structures against seismic loads without
any source of external energy.
Active
Control
Semi-Active
Control

5. Passive Control
System
Energy Dissipation Devices (Damper)
Seismic Isolation Systems
Hysteresis Devices
Viscoelastic Devices
Tuned Mass Dampers
Magnetic Negative Stiffness Devices
Resetting Passive Stiffness Devices
Viscous Dampers
Friction Dampers
Metallic Dampers
Metallic dampers dissipate energy through the inelastic deformation
of their constitutive material.
A number of researchers have reported the usefulness of passive
devices and also concluded that amongst several types of passive
dampers, the metallic dampers have so far attracted a lot of
attention from civil engineers.

6. Skinner
et al.,
1980
Soong
and
Spencer
2002
Curadelli
and Riera
2004
Vargas
2007
First hysteretic dampers
were implemented forseismic
protection of buildings. It
was implemented to bridges
and baseisolated buildings.
Metallic dampers were
made up of mild steel
plates. These devices
dissipate energy through
the inelastic deformation
of metals.
Have proposed the
metallic damper for
seismic retrofitting of
building frames based on
reliability method.
Has investigated metallic
damper with a viscous
damper for reducing the
dynamic response of single
degree of freedom system
(SDOF)
UPDATED STUDIES
Gang
and
Hong
Nan
2008
Have presented new
metallic damper with
dual functions
such as stiffness
and seismic energy
dissipation.

7. Slit Steel Damper

8. Two tests, the quasi-static cyclic test
and the shaking table test, can be used
to assess the performance of metallic
dampers.
The quasi-static cycle test is a common
approach to assess the energy dissipating
device's capability on which deformation
is inflicted, in accordance with FEMA
461.
In the quasi-static cyclic test, loading
can be in the form of shear, bending or
torsion, whereby the loading protocol is
a displacement control that consists of
several incremental or constant
amplitudes of cycle displacements.

9. Hysteresis Behaviour of
Slit Steel Damper
Since metal materials have nonlinear behavior,
the hysteretic behavior of metallic materials is
advantageous in dissipating dynamic energy,
especially in linear systems.
The metallic material under static loading is
plasticized when the stress level exceeds the
elastic limit (σy) and thereafter enters the
stress hardening phase if subjected to larger
stresses. Under cyclic loadings, the elastic
modulus (E) of the material recovers as the
material unloads. If a load is applied in the
opposite direction, the material begins to yield
and soften at a lower stress level than the
yield stress, which is known as the Bauschinger
efect

10. Hysteresis Behaviour of
Slit Steel Damper

11. Proposed Models
Strip Steel Damper Tapered Steel Damper
Oval Shaped Steel Damper

12. Proposed Models
SSD
OSSD
TSD

13. Proposed Models

14. Conclusion
The application and analysis of the metallic dampers has been investigated by various computational
methods.
Steel dampers appear to be among the most popular due to the low manufacturing cost and excellent
performance in mitigating structural vibration.
The damper geometry has signifcant effects on damper performance.
The potential use of OSSD as an alternative of passive energy dissipation control devices in
structures is very possible.

15. THANK YOU
SUKSEMA