IT IS AN PDF ON BALANCED OCCLUSION.IT CONSIST OF DEFINATION,TYPES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING BALANCED OCCLUSION.ALSO IT CONSISTS VARIOUS CONCEPTS OF BALANCED OCCLUSION.

1. DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
BALANCED OCCLUSION
BY,
PRAJYOT C. SALVE
FINAL YEAR
YDCH

2. • Defination
• Types of occlusion
• Unilateral
• Bilateral
• Protrusive
• Lateral
• Concepts of balancedocclusion
• Gysi’s concept
• French’s concept
• Sears concept
• Pleasures concept
• Hanau’s quint
• Trapozzano’sconcept of occlusion
• Boucher’s concept
• Lotts concept
• Factors influencing balancedocclusion

3. Defination
•“The simultaneous contacting of the maxillary
and mandibular teeth on the right and left side
and in the posterior and anterior occlusal areas
in centric and eccentric positions,developed to
lessen or limit tipping or rotating of the denture
bases in relation to the supporting structures”

4. Types of Balanced occlusion
■Unilateral balanced occlusion
This is a type of occlusion seen on occlusal surfaces of teeth on one side
when they occlude simultaneously with a smooth,uninterrupted glide.This is
not followed during complete denture preparartion.It is more pertained to
fixed partial dentures.
■Bilateral Balanced occlusion
This is a type of occlusion tht is seen when a simultaneous contact occurs on
both sides in centric and eccentric positions.Bilateral balanced occlusion
Helps to distribute the occlusal load evenly across the arch and therefore
helps to improve stabilityof the denture during centric,eccentricor
parafunctional movements.

5. Protrusive Balanced Occlusion
• This type of balanced occlusion is present when mandible moves in
forward direction and the occlusal contacts are smooth and
simultaneous anteriorly and posteriorly.There should be atleast three
points of contact in the occlusal plane.Two located posteriorly and
one anteriorly.Absent in natural dentition.

6. ■Lateral Balanced Occlusion
• In lateral balance there will be a minimal simultaneous three
point contact present during lateral movement of
mandible.Thisis absent in natural dentition.Teeth shoupd be
arranged such that there is simultaneous tooth contact in
balancing side and working side

7. Mechanics of balanced occlusion
• In natural teeth when the mandible is
protruded so that the incisal edge of
the upper and lower teeth contact .
There is a gap between the upper and
Lower posterior teeth,this is termed as
Christensen’s phenomenon.
But this occlusion could cause tipping
of the denture in the posterior
region . Thus simultaneous anterior &
posterior contacts are required when
mandible is protruted.

8. Concepts proposed-
Gysi’s concept,
He proposed the first concept
Towards balanced occlusion in 1914. He suggested arranging 33
Degree anatomic teeth could be Used under various movements of
the articulator to enhance the stability of the denture

9. • French’s concept
He proposed lowering the lower occlusal plane to increase
the stability of the dentures along with balanced occlusion.
He arranged upper first premolars with 5°
inclination , upper second premolars with
10° inclination and Upper molars with 15° inclination.
He used modified french teeth to obtain balanced occlusion.
•Sears’s concept
He proposed balanced occlusion for non anatomical teeth using
Posterior balancing ramps or an occlusal plane which curves
Anteroposteriorly and laterally.

10. • Pleasure’s concept
Pleasure introduced a Pleasure curve or the posterior lateral curve
To align and arrange Posterior teeth in order to Increase the stability
Of denture.
•Frush’s concept
He advised arranging teeth in one dimensional contact relationship,
Which should be reshaped During try in to obtain balanced
Occlusion.

11. Hanau’s Quint
Rudolph L. Hanau proposed nine factors that
Govern the articulation of artificial teeth
They are,
-Horizontal condylar guidance
-Compensating curve
-Protrusive incisal guidance
-Plane of orientation
- Bucvulingual inclination of tooth axis
- Saggital condylar pathway
-Saggital incisal guidance
-Tooth alignment
-Relative cusp height
“LAWS OF BALANCED ARTICULATION”

12. • Hanau later condensed this nine factors and
Formulated five factors which are konwn as “HANAU’S QUINT”
-condylar guidance
-incisal guidance
-compensating curves
-relative cusp height
-Plane of orientation of
Occlusal plane.

13. INCISAL GUIDANCE

14. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE

15. CUSPAL ANGULATION

16. PLANE OF OCCLUSION

17. COMPENSATING CURVE

18. TRAPOZZANO’S CONCEPT OF OCCLUSION
• He reviewed and Simplified hanau’s quint and propose his “TRIAD OF
OCCLUSION”.He said that plane of occlusion Could Be shifted to
favour weak ridges.Hence,Its location is not constant And is variable
within the interarch distance.
-condylar guidance
-incisal guidance
-Relative cusp height

19. BOUCHER’S CONCEPT
• Boucher proposed the following three factors for balanced occlusion.
• Orientation of occlusal plane
• The incisal guidance
• The condylar guidance
• The angulation of cusp is more important than the height of cusp.
• The compensating curves enables one to increase the height of cusp
without changing the form of teeth.

20. LOTT’S CONCEPT
• The greater the angle of the condylar path,the gretee is the posteior
seperation during protrusion.
• The greatee the angle of overbite,the greater is the seperation In the
amterior and posterior regions irrespective of yhe condylar path
• The greater the seperation of posterior teeth,the greater must be the
compensating curve.
• Posterior seperation beyond the balancing ability of the Compensating
curve can be Balanced introduction of plane of orientation.
• The greater the seperation of posterior teeth the greayer must be the
height of Cusps of posterior teeth.

22. LEVIN’S CONCEPT
• He named the four factors of occlusion as “QUAD”.
• The condylar guidance is fixed and Is recorded from patint.
• The incisal guidance is usually obtained from pateints esthetic and
phonetic requirements.
• The compensating curve is the most important factors in obtaining
occlusal balance.
• Cusp teeth have Inclines necessary for balanced occlusion But nearly
always used with a compensating curve.

24. Factors influencing balanced occlusion
• THIELEMANN’S FORMULA
BALANCED OCCLUSION=K.I
OP.C.OK
Where k=condylar inclination
I=Incisal inclination
C=Cuspal height
OP=Inclination of plane of orientation
OK=Prominence of compensating curves

25. CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
• “Mandibular guidanve created by the
condyle and articular disc traversing
the contour of glenoid fossa”
This is the only factor which can be
recorded in pateint.
It is registered using protrusive regis-
tration and Transferred to articulator as
condylar guidance.
This factor of balanced occlusion cannot
be modified.

26. • HORIZONTAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
Guides the forward movement for
protrusive balance.
▪︎ LATERAL CONDYLAR GUIDANCE
Guides lateral movement of mandible.
Posterior slope of articular eminence
Represented by condylar tract of arti-
culator.

27. INCISAL GUIDANCE
• “THE INFLUENCE OF CONTACTING SURFACES OF MAXILLARY AND
MANDIBULAR ANTIRIOR TEETH ON MANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS”
It is determined by the dentist
and customized for the pateint
during try in.
It acts as a controlling path for the
movements of cast in articulator.
It should be set according to the
Overjet and overbite of pateint.
If overjet is increased,the inclination
of incisal guidance is decreased.The incisal guidance has more
influence on posterior teeth than condylar guidance.

29. PLANE OF OCCLUSIONOR OCCLUSAL PLANE
• “AN IMGINARY SURFACE WHICH RELATED ANATOMICALLY TO THE
CRANIUM AND WHICH THEOROTICALLY TOUCHES THE INCISAL
EDGES OF THE INCISORS AND TIPS OF OCCLUDING SURFACES OF
THE POSTERIOR TEETH.IT IS NOT A PLANE IN TRUE SENSE OF
WORD BUT REPRESENTS THE MEAN CURVATURE OF SURFACE”
It is established anteriorly by the
height of the lower canine,which
Nearly coincides with the commisure
of mouth and posteriorly by height of
two molar pad.It is usually parallel to
campers line.

30. COMPENSATING CURVES
• “THE ANTEROPOSTETIOR AND LATERAL CURVATURES IN THE
ALIGNMENT OF THE OCCLUDING SURFACES AND INCISAL EDGES
ARTIFICIAL TEETH WHICH ARE USED TO DEVELOP BALANCED
OCCLUSION”.
• TYPES OF COMPENSATING CURVES
1.ANTEROPOSTERIORCURVE
2.LATERAL CURVE

31. CURVE OF SPEE
• “ANATOMIC CURVATURE OF OCCLUSAL ALIGNMENT OF TEETH BEGINING AT
THE TIP OF LOWER CANINE AND FOLLOWING BUCCAL CUSP OF THE NATURAL
PREMOLARS AND MOLARS,CONTINUING TO THE ANTIRIOR BORDER OF
RAMUS”
• It is seen in natural dentition andShould be reproduced in CD. The significance
of the curve is that when the pateint moves mandible forward,the posterior
teeth set on the on this curve will continue to remain in contact.

32. MONSON’S CURVE
• “THE CURVE OF OCCLUSION IN WHICH EACH CUSP AND INCISAL
EDGES TOUCHES OR CONFORMS TO A SEGMENT OF A SPHERE OF 8
INCHES IN DIAMETER WITH ITS CENTER IN THE REGION OF
GLABELLA”
- ONLY IF TEETH ARE SET FOLLOWING
MONSONS CURVE WILL THERE BE
LATERAL BALANCE OF OCCLUSION.

33. WILSON’S CURVE
“A CURVE OF OCCLUSION WHICH IS CONVEX UPWARDS”
THIS CURVE IS FOLLOWED WHEN FIRST PREMOLARS ARE ARRANGED
ACCORDING TO THIS CURVE SO THAT THEY DO NOT PRODUCE ANY
INTERFERENCES TO LATERAL MOVEMENTS.

34. PLEASURE CURVE/REVERSE CURVE
• “A CURVE OF OCCLUSION WHICH IN TRANVERSE CROSS SECTION
CONFORMS TO A LINE WHICH IS CONVEX UPWARD EXCEPT FOR LAST
MOLARS”.
• This curve runs from palatal cusp of first premolar to distobuccal cusp of
second molar.The second molar gives occlusal balance and the second
premolar gives lever balance.

35. CUSPAL ANGULATION
• “THE ANGLE MADE BY AVERAGE SLOPE OF CUSP With CUSP PLANE
MEASUREDMESIODISTALLYAND BUCCOLINGUALLY”
• The cusp on the teeth or inclination on
the cuspless teeth are the factors that
modify plane of occlusion And the comp-
sating curves.The mesio distal cusp lock
the occlusion such that repositioning of
teeth does not occur due to settling of
base.To prevent locking mesiodistal cusp
Is reduced during occlysal reshaping.