Bahasa inggris
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•34 views
This document discusses parts of speech in English. It mentions verbs, nouns, and modifiers as different parts of speech. It also refers to verbs in their infinitive, present, and past forms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Lexicology
Lexicology is the study of words and vocabulary in language. It examines properties of words like origin, development and current usage. Lexicology is concerned with individual words, phrases and morphemes. There are two main types - general lexicology which studies vocabulary irrespective of language, and special lexicology which describes the vocabulary of a specific language. Lexicology is connected to other linguistic fields like grammar, phonetics, stylistics and cultural studies. Word meaning has different types including conceptual, associative, stylistic and grammatical. Phraseological units and free word groups are also studied in lexicology.
Lexical and functional word
Lexical words are the basic building blocks of a language's vocabulary and have clear meanings that can be described. They include single words like "cat" as well as phrases used as single concepts, like "traffic light". Functional or grammatical words are harder to define but have grammatical functions in sentences, such as articles like "the" and prepositions like "on". Examples of functional words include auxiliaries, conjunctions, determiners, particles, prepositions and pronouns.
Lexicology.
Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that studies vocabulary and words. It examines the origin, development, and use of words. Lexicology is concerned with individual words, variable word groups, phraseological units, and morphemes. There are different types of lexicology including general lexicology, which studies words irrespective of language, and special lexicology, which describes the vocabulary of a given language. Lexicology is also connected to other branches of linguistics like grammar, phonetics, and social linguistics. Word meaning has different components including conceptual meaning, associative meaning, stylistic meaning, and others. Lexicology examines free word groups that can be formed in speech compared to phraseological units which exist
Content and Function Words
While content words and function words are often categorized separately, the document argues that it is difficult to draw a sharp line between the two. Some words can function as either content or function words depending on how they are used in an utterance. Numerals and pronouns are provided as examples of words that could fall into both categories. Ultimately, the same lexical word may take on content or functional roles based on its meaning and position in a sentence.
Content and function words
The document discusses the difference between content words and function words. Content words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, carry meaning in a sentence. Function words, such as articles, pronouns and conjunctions, provide grammatical structure but have little semantic meaning. While a clear distinction can be difficult to draw, content words generally add meaning and can change form with affixes, whereas function words maintain a consistent form and help the sentence function syntactically. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between content and function words.
Lexicology as a science
Lexicology is the scientific study of words and vocabulary in a language. It examines words' origins, development, and current usage. Lexicology is closely related to other linguistic fields like phonetics, grammar, and stylistics. It studies words as part of a system, while lexicography focuses on individual words for dictionary purposes. There are two main approaches in lexicology - synchronic looks at vocabulary at a point in time, while diachronic examines changes over time. Methods of investigation include observation, classification of facts, generalization of rules, and verification. Contrastive analysis compares vocabulary between languages.
Lexicology lecture
This document provides an overview of lexicology and word formation. It discusses the key concepts in lexicology including definitions of lexicology, words, and word groups. It then describes the main ways that new words are formed in English: affixation, composition, conversion, and abbreviation. Affixation, specifically prefixation and suffixation, are described as highly productive ways of word formation by adding affixes to roots to derive new words. The semantics and functions of affixes are also discussed.
English morphology inflection
The document discusses inflection in parts of speech. It defines inflection as grammatical changes to words that do not change the word class or meaning. Inflection expresses categories like tense, number, gender and case. Regular inflection adds suffixes like -s for nouns and -ed for verbs. Irregular inflection uses allomorphs or suppletion. Nouns inflect for number. Determiners and pronouns inflect for number and case. Verbs have up to five inflected forms. Adjectives can be positive, comparative or superlative.
Recommended
Lexicology
Lexicology is the study of words and vocabulary in language. It examines properties of words like origin, development and current usage. Lexicology is concerned with individual words, phrases and morphemes. There are two main types - general lexicology which studies vocabulary irrespective of language, and special lexicology which describes the vocabulary of a specific language. Lexicology is connected to other linguistic fields like grammar, phonetics, stylistics and cultural studies. Word meaning has different types including conceptual, associative, stylistic and grammatical. Phraseological units and free word groups are also studied in lexicology.
Lexical and functional word
Lexical words are the basic building blocks of a language's vocabulary and have clear meanings that can be described. They include single words like "cat" as well as phrases used as single concepts, like "traffic light". Functional or grammatical words are harder to define but have grammatical functions in sentences, such as articles like "the" and prepositions like "on". Examples of functional words include auxiliaries, conjunctions, determiners, particles, prepositions and pronouns.
Lexicology.
Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that studies vocabulary and words. It examines the origin, development, and use of words. Lexicology is concerned with individual words, variable word groups, phraseological units, and morphemes. There are different types of lexicology including general lexicology, which studies words irrespective of language, and special lexicology, which describes the vocabulary of a given language. Lexicology is also connected to other branches of linguistics like grammar, phonetics, and social linguistics. Word meaning has different components including conceptual meaning, associative meaning, stylistic meaning, and others. Lexicology examines free word groups that can be formed in speech compared to phraseological units which exist
Content and Function Words
While content words and function words are often categorized separately, the document argues that it is difficult to draw a sharp line between the two. Some words can function as either content or function words depending on how they are used in an utterance. Numerals and pronouns are provided as examples of words that could fall into both categories. Ultimately, the same lexical word may take on content or functional roles based on its meaning and position in a sentence.
Content and function words
The document discusses the difference between content words and function words. Content words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, carry meaning in a sentence. Function words, such as articles, pronouns and conjunctions, provide grammatical structure but have little semantic meaning. While a clear distinction can be difficult to draw, content words generally add meaning and can change form with affixes, whereas function words maintain a consistent form and help the sentence function syntactically. The document provides examples to illustrate the differences between content and function words.
Lexicology as a science
Lexicology is the scientific study of words and vocabulary in a language. It examines words' origins, development, and current usage. Lexicology is closely related to other linguistic fields like phonetics, grammar, and stylistics. It studies words as part of a system, while lexicography focuses on individual words for dictionary purposes. There are two main approaches in lexicology - synchronic looks at vocabulary at a point in time, while diachronic examines changes over time. Methods of investigation include observation, classification of facts, generalization of rules, and verification. Contrastive analysis compares vocabulary between languages.
Lexicology lecture
This document provides an overview of lexicology and word formation. It discusses the key concepts in lexicology including definitions of lexicology, words, and word groups. It then describes the main ways that new words are formed in English: affixation, composition, conversion, and abbreviation. Affixation, specifically prefixation and suffixation, are described as highly productive ways of word formation by adding affixes to roots to derive new words. The semantics and functions of affixes are also discussed.
English morphology inflection
The document discusses inflection in parts of speech. It defines inflection as grammatical changes to words that do not change the word class or meaning. Inflection expresses categories like tense, number, gender and case. Regular inflection adds suffixes like -s for nouns and -ed for verbs. Irregular inflection uses allomorphs or suppletion. Nouns inflect for number. Determiners and pronouns inflect for number and case. Verbs have up to five inflected forms. Adjectives can be positive, comparative or superlative.
Morphemes correct
Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have meaning or a grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: lexical morphemes which can stand alone as words like "make", and functional morphemes which need to be attached to other morphemes and include prefixes, suffixes, and bound roots.
Morphemes
Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have meaning or a grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: lexical morphemes which can stand alone as words like "make", and functional morphemes which need to be attached to other morphemes and include prefixes, suffixes, and bound roots.
Syntax
The document discusses syntax, which are the rules that govern sentence structure in languages. It defines syntax as the mental representation of a speaker's linguistic knowledge about sentence formation. The key components of syntax include parts of speech, phrase structure trees, grammaticality, ambiguity, and the infinite potential for sentence formation through recursive rules.
Passive voice
The passive voice is formed using a form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb, which places the direct object of the active voice sentence as the subject of the passive voice sentence. The passive voice is used when the doer or agent of the action is unknown, unimportant, obvious from context or intentionally not mentioned.
Morfologija uvod
A brief introduction to the study of morphology. Definitions of morphology, base, stem, derivation, affix, etc.
Examples.
Structure of English (A Definition)
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
Presentation1
This document appears to be listing parts of speech and provides counts of content words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. It seems to be analyzing the parts of speech in a text by category and providing a breakdown of word types used. In a very concise manner, this summary outlines the key information and structure contained in the original document.
Derivation & inflection
This document discusses word morphology and how words can be made longer by adding affixes. It provides the word "pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism" as an example of a word with many morphemes. The document then explains the structure of words, noting that words can have no more than one prefix, one inflectional suffix, and multiple derivational suffixes. It also discusses the differences between derivation, where new words are formed by adding affixes to bases or roots, and inflection, where affixes are added to change a word's form based on grammar rules. Finally, it introduces the concept of analyzing words into their immediate constituents.
Syntax
This document discusses syntax, which is the study of grammatical relations between words and other units within sentences. It covers topics such as word order, sentence formation, syntactic categories, phrase structure rules, and sentence structure. Syntax examines the rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful sentences in different languages and how these rules can vary between languages, dialects, time periods, and social groups.
Traditional Grammar
This document provides information about the basic parts of English sentences and various types of clauses. It begins by defining the typical parts of a sentence: subject, verb, direct object, and subject complement. It then discusses different types of verbs and how they are used, including intransitive, transitive, and linking verbs. The document goes on to explain different types of clauses like adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses. It provides examples and exercises for students to practice identifying and writing various sentence structures.
导论
The document discusses the concept of grammar from multiple perspectives. It defines grammar as both a set of rules that guide language production, as well as a descriptive framework for how a language is systematically structured. Grammaticality is examined through analysis of example sentences. Grammar involves hierarchical organization from morphemes to sentences. Descriptive grammar outlines patterns in actual usage, whereas prescriptive grammar provides standards and rules for formal contexts.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
More Related Content
What's hot
Morphemes correct
Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have meaning or a grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: lexical morphemes which can stand alone as words like "make", and functional morphemes which need to be attached to other morphemes and include prefixes, suffixes, and bound roots.
Morphemes
Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have meaning or a grammatical function. There are two types of morphemes: lexical morphemes which can stand alone as words like "make", and functional morphemes which need to be attached to other morphemes and include prefixes, suffixes, and bound roots.
Syntax
The document discusses syntax, which are the rules that govern sentence structure in languages. It defines syntax as the mental representation of a speaker's linguistic knowledge about sentence formation. The key components of syntax include parts of speech, phrase structure trees, grammaticality, ambiguity, and the infinite potential for sentence formation through recursive rules.
Passive voice
The passive voice is formed using a form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb, which places the direct object of the active voice sentence as the subject of the passive voice sentence. The passive voice is used when the doer or agent of the action is unknown, unimportant, obvious from context or intentionally not mentioned.
Morfologija uvod
A brief introduction to the study of morphology. Definitions of morphology, base, stem, derivation, affix, etc.
Examples.
Structure of English (A Definition)
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
Presentation1
This document appears to be listing parts of speech and provides counts of content words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. It seems to be analyzing the parts of speech in a text by category and providing a breakdown of word types used. In a very concise manner, this summary outlines the key information and structure contained in the original document.
Derivation & inflection
This document discusses word morphology and how words can be made longer by adding affixes. It provides the word "pseudoantidisestablishmentarianism" as an example of a word with many morphemes. The document then explains the structure of words, noting that words can have no more than one prefix, one inflectional suffix, and multiple derivational suffixes. It also discusses the differences between derivation, where new words are formed by adding affixes to bases or roots, and inflection, where affixes are added to change a word's form based on grammar rules. Finally, it introduces the concept of analyzing words into their immediate constituents.
Syntax
This document discusses syntax, which is the study of grammatical relations between words and other units within sentences. It covers topics such as word order, sentence formation, syntactic categories, phrase structure rules, and sentence structure. Syntax examines the rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful sentences in different languages and how these rules can vary between languages, dialects, time periods, and social groups.
Traditional Grammar
This document provides information about the basic parts of English sentences and various types of clauses. It begins by defining the typical parts of a sentence: subject, verb, direct object, and subject complement. It then discusses different types of verbs and how they are used, including intransitive, transitive, and linking verbs. The document goes on to explain different types of clauses like adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses. It provides examples and exercises for students to practice identifying and writing various sentence structures.
导论
The document discusses the concept of grammar from multiple perspectives. It defines grammar as both a set of rules that guide language production, as well as a descriptive framework for how a language is systematically structured. Grammaticality is examined through analysis of example sentences. Grammar involves hierarchical organization from morphemes to sentences. Descriptive grammar outlines patterns in actual usage, whereas prescriptive grammar provides standards and rules for formal contexts.
What's hot (11)
Recently uploaded
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Recently uploaded (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Bahasa inggris
- 2. Kata
- 4. verb infinitive present verb past verb