SlideShare a Scribd company logo
NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
VOLUME 32, NUMBER 4, 2014
1
Book Review: Ethical Decision Making in School Administration:
Leadership as Moral Architecture
Kevin Badgett, EdD
Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership
Department of Educational Leadership, Foundations, and Counseling
College of Education
University of Texas of the Permian Basin
Odessa, TX
Abstract
Those in school leadership and others who prepare them must identify resources which support
the mentoring process in order to ensure aspiring and practicing school leaders are prepared to
plan and make decisions from a consistent framework. Ethical Decision Making in School
Leadership: Leadership as Moral Architecture, by Wagner and Simpson, is one such resource.
Although this book was published in 2009, it is important for its unique contribution to
leadership theory and behavior. Readers are introduced to multiple lenses supportive of strategic
decision making for practicing leaders and for training both aspiring leaders and those in
advanced leadership programs. This review highlights the authors’ central themes and illustrates
how the book can support the school leader’s application of a consistent lens for decision making
in school leadership.
Keywords: ethical school leadership, advanced leadership training, leadership theory and
behavior, moral architecture, pragmatic idealism
PK-12 school administrators are constantly faced with the responsibility to make
decisions. In their book Ethical Decision Making in School Administration: Leadership as Moral
Architecture, Paul A. Wagner and Douglas J. Simpson offer a prescription designed to support
school leaders’ cultivation of reflective thinking and purposeful, consistent decision making.
Paul Wagner is currently a Professor and Chair of Educational Foundations, Professor of
Philosophy in the School of Human Sciences and Humanities, and Director of the Project in
Professional Ethics at the University of Houston - Clear Lake. Douglas J. Simpson is Professor
Emeritus at Texas Christian University and has served in tenured positions at the University of
Louisville, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Tennessee State University, and Texas
Christian University.
The authors’ message is delivered in the framework of two new concepts. The first is the
idea of leadership as moral architecture. This construct is based on the idea that school leaders
are active, moral agents who are responsible for more than their own behavior. The leader’s
responsibility extends to organizational consequences that naturally accompany the environment
those leaders foster.
NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL
2____________________________________________________________________________________________
According to Paul A. Wagner and Douglas J. Simpson, moral architecture is “created in
large part by how senior-level administrators go about their daily tasks” (2009, p. xii.). By
fostering an elevated moral architecture, the leader creates a participatory environment where
individual stakeholders are given meaningful opportunities to make contributions to the creative
process of defining organizational purpose and achieving goals. In this atmosphere, each
contributor has a personal stake in systemic success or failure; consequently, formal authority
secures stakeholder investment in a shared effort rather than simple buy-in for an individual’s
plan. The ability to forge this type of architecture is consistent with the skill set of the
transformational leader (Hoy & Miskel, 2005). By contrast, the flat moral architecture that is
“accidental” and evolves in the absence of one that is “democratic (and) deliberatively derived”
(Wagner & Simpson, 2009, p.13), focuses on efficient management of the mechanical aspects of
the organization through the lens of one person’s priorities without adequate regard for the
organization’s organic context.
The second new idea is Pragmatic Idealism. This idea suggests that while the pursuit of
ultimate truth may be unfruitful, it is possible to move toward ultimate truth by “fits and starts”
(Wagner & Simpson, 2009, p. 77). The authors fuel readers’ reflective application of this concept
through an extended and operational review of ethical theorists through history. In reviewing the
core tenants of almost 20 different philosophers, the reader has the opportunity to reflect in a
self-assessing way on their value system and the basis for that system. Without prescribing one
philosopher’s ethical system over another’s, the authors assert an effective organizational leader
is one who has a clearly defined and consistent value system that informs their decision making
habits and processes. In eight chapters, four appendices, and a glossary, the book proceeds to
systematically discuss how school leaders can make decisions that are ethically consistent
despite the constantly changing and increasingly diverse needs of the communities they serve.
Badgett-Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model
The Badgett/Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model has application to this book. This
model focuses on six fundamental principles of effective supervision. Step One: Expectations
must be reasonable. Step Two: Expectations clearly communicated. Step Three: Expectations
consistently enforced. Once these foundational steps are established, the supervisor advances to
the fourth, fifth, and sixth steps. Step Four: Results monitored. Step Five: Results monitored for
effectiveness. Step Six: Expectations reinforced or revised in a systematic, measured, and safe
manner. This idea is predicated on the necessary presence of effective and ethical decision
making.
Practical Application and Unique Contribution
With consideration for the new concepts, Leadership as Moral Architecture and
Pragmatic Idealism and with Chapter Two’s review of ethical theorists throughout time to
support practical application, this book makes a valuable contribution to our knowledge base.
According to Davis and Jazzar (2005), reflection is an important leadership activity. This book is
KEVIN BADGETT
____________________________________________________________________________________________3
a valuable resource that supports introspection into a leader’s own philosophy and can be used as
a tool for practicing school leaders as they identify and assess their decision making compass.
In addition to supporting individual reflection, this book can effectively support
mentoring in advanced leadership training. Equipped with real world leadership experience, the
student in an advanced leadership preparation program can exercise thoughtful reflection on their
experiences and decisions and consider whether and to what degree their behaviors have been
consistent. This book can then support practicing leaders’ strategic consideration of their future
behavior.
This book can also be a valuable resource to support the development of aspirant leaders
in their thinking about leadership behavior and priorities. Specific elements of the text, such as
chapter eight’s discussion related to the conflicts between law, policy, and moral systems, will
allow the future leader to wrestle with their own beliefs and experiences in a reflective and
theoretical way. Learning activities that help the aspiring leader plan actions and reflection will
help in developing instincts and habits for when that individual is in a position of organizational
authority.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this book fills a demonstrated gap in school leadership training.
According to Hess and Kelly (2005), school leadership programs suffer from an under exposure
to leadership work and theory that originates outside education circles. As a consequence of this
gap, there is a failure to broaden the aspiring leader’s exploration into management and
leadership knowledge offered by thinkers in other fields. In addressing this gap, Ethical Decision
Making in School Administration: Leadership as Moral Architecture (2009) sharpens leadership
tools with time-tested principles by introducing the aspiring or experienced leader to the thinking
and knowledge of those outside the field of education. Because the leader’s perspective is
broadened, they are better equipped to more effectively meet the evolving challenges they will
face as they work to improve teaching and learning.
References
Davis, J., & Jazzar, M. (2005). The seven habits of effective principal preparation programs.
Principal, 84(5), 18-21.
Hess, F. M., & Kelly, A. P. (2005). The accidental principal. Education Next, 5(3), 34-40.
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2005). Educational administration: Theory, research, and
practice. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
Wagner, P. A., & Simpson, D. J. (2009). Ethical decision making in school administration:
Leadership as moral architecture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
______________________________________________________________________________
Note: Badgett-Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model (SLM; Copyright © 2014 by Kevin
Badgett and William Allan Kritsonis. All rights reserved.)

More Related Content

What's hot

Peer education in students leadership programme
Peer education in students leadership programmePeer education in students leadership programme
Peer education in students leadership programmeMuhammad Nur Fadzly Basar
 
Ej1142294
Ej1142294Ej1142294
Ej1142294
Narirat Pinkul
 
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush workwork of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
International advisers
 
Chapter 5a w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
Chapter 5a   w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision makingChapter 5a   w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
Chapter 5a w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
William Kritsonis
 
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...JJ1968
 
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary Smith
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary SmithLeadership And Management Theories - Gary Smith
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary SmithGary Smith
 
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
steyngm1
 
Realisingthepotentialofsystemleadership
RealisingthepotentialofsystemleadershipRealisingthepotentialofsystemleadership
RealisingthepotentialofsystemleadershipR Brown
 
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundation
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundationLearning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundation
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundationTok Paduka
 
Participatory Action Research
Participatory Action Research Participatory Action Research
Participatory Action Research
Ka'bai, English teacher
 
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
EqraBaig
 
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational LeadershipChapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
Laura Bower-Alvarez
 
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
inventionjournals
 
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
guest3c8a16c
 
Relational and transformational leadership
Relational and transformational leadershipRelational and transformational leadership
Relational and transformational leadership
Arielle Bentley
 

What's hot (17)

Peer education in students leadership programme
Peer education in students leadership programmePeer education in students leadership programme
Peer education in students leadership programme
 
Ej1142294
Ej1142294Ej1142294
Ej1142294
 
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush workwork of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
work of leadership by Tony bush Tony bush work
 
Chapter 5a w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
Chapter 5a   w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision makingChapter 5a   w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
Chapter 5a w.a. kritsonis, ph d - lecture notes - decision making
 
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...
“Organizational Psychology Theoretical Presentation of Ethical principles for...
 
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary Smith
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary SmithLeadership And Management Theories - Gary Smith
Leadership And Management Theories - Gary Smith
 
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
Reflections on school leadership christelike wetenskap 2012)
 
Duignan patrick
Duignan patrickDuignan patrick
Duignan patrick
 
Realisingthepotentialofsystemleadership
RealisingthepotentialofsystemleadershipRealisingthepotentialofsystemleadership
Realisingthepotentialofsystemleadership
 
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundation
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundationLearning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundation
Learning centered-leadership-a-conceptual-foundation
 
Participatory Action Research
Participatory Action Research Participatory Action Research
Participatory Action Research
 
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
CHANGE MANAGEMENT-8615
 
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational LeadershipChapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
Chapter One Presentation from The Ethics of Educational Leadership
 
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
Influence of Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public P...
 
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
A Relationship Among Public School Leadership, Ethics, and Student Achievemen...
 
Leadership 1
Leadership 1Leadership 1
Leadership 1
 
Relational and transformational leadership
Relational and transformational leadershipRelational and transformational leadership
Relational and transformational leadership
 

Similar to Badgett, kevin nfeasj v32 n4 2014

Growth enhancing environments in educational organizations
Growth enhancing environments in educational organizationsGrowth enhancing environments in educational organizations
Growth enhancing environments in educational organizationsRosario National High School
 
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
William Kritsonis
 
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kellyBook review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
Fernando Santos
 
Standard 8 Essay
Standard 8 EssayStandard 8 Essay
Standard 8 Essayrenee22093
 
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docxRunning head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
SUBHI7
 
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docxMy degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
griffinruthie22
 
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
alinainglis
 
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docxRunning head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
SUBHI7
 
Article review umah devi m chandar
Article review umah devi m chandarArticle review umah devi m chandar
Article review umah devi m chandar
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
 
Hughes cohort i
Hughes   cohort iHughes   cohort i
Hughes cohort i
William Kritsonis
 
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students C...
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students  C...A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students  C...
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students C...
Becky Gilbert
 
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-main
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-mainEducation at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-main
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-mainJohn Taylor
 
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docxA Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
ransayo
 
Leadership effectiveness a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
Leadership effectiveness  a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...Leadership effectiveness  a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
Leadership effectiveness a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
jameskandi
 
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docxDwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
brownliecarmella
 
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docxSee discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
kaylee7wsfdubill
 
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdfA Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
RaymondMhona1
 
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
tamicawaysmith
 
Kilmer lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
Kilmer  lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leadersKilmer  lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
Kilmer lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
William Kritsonis
 
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docxModule 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
roushhsiu
 

Similar to Badgett, kevin nfeasj v32 n4 2014 (20)

Growth enhancing environments in educational organizations
Growth enhancing environments in educational organizationsGrowth enhancing environments in educational organizations
Growth enhancing environments in educational organizations
 
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
Dalton, margaret book review blanced leadership nfeasj v 34 n4 2016
 
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kellyBook review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
Book review curriculum-theory and practice-kelly
 
Standard 8 Essay
Standard 8 EssayStandard 8 Essay
Standard 8 Essay
 
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docxRunning head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 2.docx
 
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docxMy degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
My degree is an EDD in Performance Improvement LeadershipSyste.docx
 
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docx
 
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docxRunning head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
Running head Annotated bibliographyAnnotated bibliography 8.docx
 
Article review umah devi m chandar
Article review umah devi m chandarArticle review umah devi m chandar
Article review umah devi m chandar
 
Hughes cohort i
Hughes   cohort iHughes   cohort i
Hughes cohort i
 
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students C...
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students  C...A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students  C...
A Comparison Between Chinese And American Male And Female College Students C...
 
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-main
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-mainEducation at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-main
Education at a Glance OECD 20113 s2.0-b9780080448947004310-main
 
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docxA Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theoryi.docx
 
Leadership effectiveness a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
Leadership effectiveness  a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...Leadership effectiveness  a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
Leadership effectiveness a multi-factorial model dr. m. roussety mba, m led,...
 
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docxDwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
DwightEvaluation       Leadership style assessments certainl.docx
 
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docxSee discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publicati.docx
 
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdfA Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
A Critical Perspectiveof Leadership Theories.pdf
 
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
3In the previous chapter, we reviewed how theorists’ view .docx
 
Kilmer lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
Kilmer  lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leadersKilmer  lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
Kilmer lloyd_c__a_professional_development_series_for_school_leaders
 
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docxModule 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
Module 4 - BackgroundTHE CULTURE AND MORAL COMPASSESPart 1 Th.docx
 

Recently uploaded

Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Atul Kumar Singh
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
JosvitaDsouza2
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Atul Kumar Singh
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Ashokrao Mane college of Pharmacy Peth-Vadgaon
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
EugeneSaldivar
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Levi Shapiro
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Pavel ( NSTU)
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
DeeptiGupta154
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Sandy Millin
 
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
Celine George
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Jheel Barad
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Jisc
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Thiyagu K
 
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationA Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Peter Windle
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Peter Windle
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
SACHIN R KONDAGURI
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
 
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.Language Across the  Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
Language Across the Curriculm LAC B.Ed.
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
 
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
 
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationA Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
 
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe..."Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
 

Badgett, kevin nfeasj v32 n4 2014

  • 1. NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL VOLUME 32, NUMBER 4, 2014 1 Book Review: Ethical Decision Making in School Administration: Leadership as Moral Architecture Kevin Badgett, EdD Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership Department of Educational Leadership, Foundations, and Counseling College of Education University of Texas of the Permian Basin Odessa, TX Abstract Those in school leadership and others who prepare them must identify resources which support the mentoring process in order to ensure aspiring and practicing school leaders are prepared to plan and make decisions from a consistent framework. Ethical Decision Making in School Leadership: Leadership as Moral Architecture, by Wagner and Simpson, is one such resource. Although this book was published in 2009, it is important for its unique contribution to leadership theory and behavior. Readers are introduced to multiple lenses supportive of strategic decision making for practicing leaders and for training both aspiring leaders and those in advanced leadership programs. This review highlights the authors’ central themes and illustrates how the book can support the school leader’s application of a consistent lens for decision making in school leadership. Keywords: ethical school leadership, advanced leadership training, leadership theory and behavior, moral architecture, pragmatic idealism PK-12 school administrators are constantly faced with the responsibility to make decisions. In their book Ethical Decision Making in School Administration: Leadership as Moral Architecture, Paul A. Wagner and Douglas J. Simpson offer a prescription designed to support school leaders’ cultivation of reflective thinking and purposeful, consistent decision making. Paul Wagner is currently a Professor and Chair of Educational Foundations, Professor of Philosophy in the School of Human Sciences and Humanities, and Director of the Project in Professional Ethics at the University of Houston - Clear Lake. Douglas J. Simpson is Professor Emeritus at Texas Christian University and has served in tenured positions at the University of Louisville, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Tennessee State University, and Texas Christian University. The authors’ message is delivered in the framework of two new concepts. The first is the idea of leadership as moral architecture. This construct is based on the idea that school leaders are active, moral agents who are responsible for more than their own behavior. The leader’s responsibility extends to organizational consequences that naturally accompany the environment those leaders foster.
  • 2. NATIONAL FORUM OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION JOURNAL 2____________________________________________________________________________________________ According to Paul A. Wagner and Douglas J. Simpson, moral architecture is “created in large part by how senior-level administrators go about their daily tasks” (2009, p. xii.). By fostering an elevated moral architecture, the leader creates a participatory environment where individual stakeholders are given meaningful opportunities to make contributions to the creative process of defining organizational purpose and achieving goals. In this atmosphere, each contributor has a personal stake in systemic success or failure; consequently, formal authority secures stakeholder investment in a shared effort rather than simple buy-in for an individual’s plan. The ability to forge this type of architecture is consistent with the skill set of the transformational leader (Hoy & Miskel, 2005). By contrast, the flat moral architecture that is “accidental” and evolves in the absence of one that is “democratic (and) deliberatively derived” (Wagner & Simpson, 2009, p.13), focuses on efficient management of the mechanical aspects of the organization through the lens of one person’s priorities without adequate regard for the organization’s organic context. The second new idea is Pragmatic Idealism. This idea suggests that while the pursuit of ultimate truth may be unfruitful, it is possible to move toward ultimate truth by “fits and starts” (Wagner & Simpson, 2009, p. 77). The authors fuel readers’ reflective application of this concept through an extended and operational review of ethical theorists through history. In reviewing the core tenants of almost 20 different philosophers, the reader has the opportunity to reflect in a self-assessing way on their value system and the basis for that system. Without prescribing one philosopher’s ethical system over another’s, the authors assert an effective organizational leader is one who has a clearly defined and consistent value system that informs their decision making habits and processes. In eight chapters, four appendices, and a glossary, the book proceeds to systematically discuss how school leaders can make decisions that are ethically consistent despite the constantly changing and increasingly diverse needs of the communities they serve. Badgett-Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model The Badgett/Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model has application to this book. This model focuses on six fundamental principles of effective supervision. Step One: Expectations must be reasonable. Step Two: Expectations clearly communicated. Step Three: Expectations consistently enforced. Once these foundational steps are established, the supervisor advances to the fourth, fifth, and sixth steps. Step Four: Results monitored. Step Five: Results monitored for effectiveness. Step Six: Expectations reinforced or revised in a systematic, measured, and safe manner. This idea is predicated on the necessary presence of effective and ethical decision making. Practical Application and Unique Contribution With consideration for the new concepts, Leadership as Moral Architecture and Pragmatic Idealism and with Chapter Two’s review of ethical theorists throughout time to support practical application, this book makes a valuable contribution to our knowledge base. According to Davis and Jazzar (2005), reflection is an important leadership activity. This book is
  • 3. KEVIN BADGETT ____________________________________________________________________________________________3 a valuable resource that supports introspection into a leader’s own philosophy and can be used as a tool for practicing school leaders as they identify and assess their decision making compass. In addition to supporting individual reflection, this book can effectively support mentoring in advanced leadership training. Equipped with real world leadership experience, the student in an advanced leadership preparation program can exercise thoughtful reflection on their experiences and decisions and consider whether and to what degree their behaviors have been consistent. This book can then support practicing leaders’ strategic consideration of their future behavior. This book can also be a valuable resource to support the development of aspirant leaders in their thinking about leadership behavior and priorities. Specific elements of the text, such as chapter eight’s discussion related to the conflicts between law, policy, and moral systems, will allow the future leader to wrestle with their own beliefs and experiences in a reflective and theoretical way. Learning activities that help the aspiring leader plan actions and reflection will help in developing instincts and habits for when that individual is in a position of organizational authority. Conclusion In conclusion, this book fills a demonstrated gap in school leadership training. According to Hess and Kelly (2005), school leadership programs suffer from an under exposure to leadership work and theory that originates outside education circles. As a consequence of this gap, there is a failure to broaden the aspiring leader’s exploration into management and leadership knowledge offered by thinkers in other fields. In addressing this gap, Ethical Decision Making in School Administration: Leadership as Moral Architecture (2009) sharpens leadership tools with time-tested principles by introducing the aspiring or experienced leader to the thinking and knowledge of those outside the field of education. Because the leader’s perspective is broadened, they are better equipped to more effectively meet the evolving challenges they will face as they work to improve teaching and learning. References Davis, J., & Jazzar, M. (2005). The seven habits of effective principal preparation programs. Principal, 84(5), 18-21. Hess, F. M., & Kelly, A. P. (2005). The accidental principal. Education Next, 5(3), 34-40. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2005). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. Wagner, P. A., & Simpson, D. J. (2009). Ethical decision making in school administration: Leadership as moral architecture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ______________________________________________________________________________ Note: Badgett-Kritsonis Supervision Leadership Model (SLM; Copyright © 2014 by Kevin Badgett and William Allan Kritsonis. All rights reserved.)