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1. Membrane Infoldings. The invasions of the host prokaryote cell probably were successful
because the host cell membrane enfolded to surround both invading prokaryote cells and
thereby help transport them into the cell.
bacterial capsule is a very large structure of many bacteria.[1] It is a polysaccharide layer that
lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell.
It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.
cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It
can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and
protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism.
DNA coiled into nucleoid Experimental evidence suggests that the nucleoid is largely
composed of DNA, about 60%, with a small amount of RNA and
protein. ... In contrast to histones, the DNA-binding proteins of the nucleoid do not form
nucleosomes, in which DNA is wrapped around a protein core.
A basal body is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium. It is formed
from a centriole and several additional protein structures, and is, essentially, a modified
centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme
microtubules.
Flagellum a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables
many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.
Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. They are like
construction guys who connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains. Ribosomes are
special because they are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While a structure such as a
nucleus is only found in eukaryotes, every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture proteins.
Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is
mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. ... All of the organelles in eukaryotic cells, such
as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, are located in the cytoplasm.
Function of Cytoplasm. The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is called cytoplasm. It is made up of
mostly water and salt. Cytoplasm is present within the cell membrane of all cell types and
contains all organelles and cell parts. ... Cytosol is the part of the cytoplasm that does not
contain organelles.
the plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates which molecules are allowed to
enter and exit the cell. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic
molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of
many bacteria and archaea.[1]
The terms pilus and fimbria (Latin for 'fringe'; plural: fimbriae) can
be used interchangeably, although some researchers reserve the term pilus for the appendage
required for bacterial conjugation. All pili in the latter sense are primarily composed
of pilin proteins, which are oligomeric.
Cytoplasmic inclusions are diverse intracellular non-living substances that are not able to
carry out any metabolic activity and are not bound by membranes. Inclusions are stored
nutrients, secretory products, and pigment granules.