6. *A cell is the functional and structural unit of
life/ living organisms
*Any thing else less than cell can’t be
considered as basic unit since it doesn’t
perform independent living
*Unicellular organism has
Independent existence Independent functioning
12. Schleiden
• – All plants are composed of cells
Schwann
• – cell has an outer layer today know as
plasma membarane , plant cell has cell
wall. Bodies of plants and animals
composed of cells and its products
Cell Theory
13. *Rudolf Virchow showed all cells divide and
form new cells formed from preexisting cell.
14. *
*All living organisms are composed of cells and
products of cells
*All cells arise from pre-existing cell.
It can be applied to prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes
It is the basis of cytology
But can’t be applied to viruses
16. *Cell which has membrane bound nucleus and
membrane bound orgenelles is called eukaryotes
*Cell which has no membrane bound nucleus is called
prokaryote
*Prokaryotes lack membrane bound orgenelles like
ER, mitochondria ,lysosome, golgi
*Cell has protoplasm which contains cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm
*Cytoplasm is semi fluid matrix in which cell
organelles present and various chemical reactions
takes place.
17. *Ribosomes are non membrane bound orgenelles
present in cytoplasm, mitochondria, rough ER,
chloroplast etc.
*Animal cell has centriole non membrane bound
organelle which help in cell division.
18. *Cell differ in size, shape and activities
*Smallest cell – Mycoplasma -0.3µm
*Largest single cell- egg of ostrich
*Longest cell- nerve cell
30. *Bacteria can be motile and non motile
*Motile ones has flagella
*It has filament, hook, basal body
*Filament is the longest portion and extends
from cell surface to outside
31. *Pili is elongated tubular structure on bacterial
surface
*Fimbriae are small
bristle like fibers
it help to attach rock
and host tissue
32. *Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis
*Several ribosomes attach to single mRNA and
form polysomes.
*Ribosomes on mRNA translates mRNA to protein
33.
34.
35.
36. * The cytoplam is in constant motion called
cytoplasmic streaming and the this movement
around vacoule is called cyclosis
cytoplasm is the physical basis of cell
38. Membrane bound organelles
Organised nucleus with an envelope
80s ribosome
Genetic material organised
as chromosome
present
Non membrane bound orgenelles
Nucleoid with out envelope
70s ribosome
Circular DNA and plasmids
Histones and cytoplasmic streaming absent
40. *
Al living beings have the unit membrane model – so called unit membrane due to
unity
41. *
*Most accepted one
*Peripheral protein on surface of membrane and integral
protein partially or completely buried inside membrane
*Proposed by Singer and Nicolson
*Proteins are free to move ice berges floating in sea
*So the name fluid mosaic model
47. *
*Rigid protective layer
*Protects from damage
*Can see in Fungi and Plants only
It gives rigidity
Maintains osmotic balance
Protects from turgor pressure and
damage
53. * Network of membrane bound cavities,tubules, vesicles through
out ctoplasm
* Term coined by porter
* Cisternae- it is long
Flattened parellel bundle
vesicles- ovoid structures
Tubules- highly branched
and smoothwalled
ER divides intracellular space
In to two distinct compartment
Luminal{inside ER}
Extra luminal {cytoplasm}
ER in muscle cells is called
sarcoplasmic reticulum
54.
55. *
*Cellular circulatory system
*Rough ER produce protein with the help of
ribosome
*Smooth ER produce lipids , steroid hormones,
cholestrol
*It help in secretion
58. *It digest food material
*It digest foreighn material
*Egg membrane during fertilisation dissolves by
action of lysosome
59.
60. vacuole
Identify the difference?
In plants 90% volume of cell is vacuole
Only some animal cells has vacuole
Membrane bound space which
has water sap excretory products
Not useful for cell