The document discusses sketching and technical drawing concepts. It provides definitions of sketching, the purposes and techniques of sketching, as well as categories of sketches such as multi-view, pictorial, axonometric, oblique, and perspective drawings. It also discusses concepts such as projection systems, vanishing points, and different types of perspective projections including one-point, two-point, and three-point perspectives.
The document provides information on sketching and technical drawing techniques. It discusses isometric and orthographic drawings, coded plans, and viewpoints. It describes the design process as having 8 steps: identifying the problem and criteria, brainstorming solutions, developing ideas, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, building a model, refining the design. Dimensioning and proportions are important for sketches to convey accurate relative sizes despite not being to scale.
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce accurate multi-view drawings that show the true shape and size of an object through multiple two-dimensional views. Axonometric projection shows an object's three dimensions in a single view, making it easier to understand but introducing distortions from the true shape and size. Understanding engineering graphics and different projection methods is essential for effective technical communication.
Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics Lecture5-Engineering Drawin...Dr. Khaled Bakro
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce multi-view drawings of an object from different angles, accurately showing dimensions and shape. Axonometric projection shows a 3D object from a skewed angle in a single view, making shape and size relationships easier to visualize but introducing distortions. Engineering drawings must follow specific standards and conventions to precisely convey all necessary details about an object's specifications and features.
This document provides an overview and instructions for a 2D essentials class. It includes reminders about upcoming project deadlines, extra credit opportunities, and questions from prior chapters. It discusses concepts like runouts, plotting curves by hand, and isometric drawing. Students are instructed to break into groups to answer questions, sketch examples, and draw isometric shapes like cubes and boxes. The instructor emphasizes key pictorial drawing techniques including orthographic, oblique, perspective, and axonometric projections.
The document discusses different types of pictorial drawings used in technical drafting. It begins by stating the objectives of the lesson which are to define pictorial drawing, identify the three main types, and appreciate their importance. The three main types are then described in detail: isometric drawings show three dimensions at full scale using 30 degree angles, oblique projections preserve sizes of parallel faces but distort others, and perspective drawings provide a view similar to human vision using one, two, or three vanishing points. Pictorial drawings are important for communication between designers and producers as well as providing accurate visualizations of projects.
Technical drawing uses standardized visual conventions and symbols to unambiguously communicate engineering and design concepts. It is considered essential for industry. The international standard ISO 128 codifies common principles, such as types of lines and projection views. Technical drawing aims for objective, single interpretations compared to the subjective nature of artistic drawing. Draftspeople create technical drawings according to standardized guidelines for dimensions, projections, and different line types that indicate visible, hidden, cut, and other features of a design.
The document discusses sketching techniques and concepts in engineering drawing. It defines key terms like vertex, edge, plane, and different types of surfaces and solids. It explains different types of sketches like single-view, oblique, and perspective sketches. It provides guidelines for techniques like drawing points, lines, circles, and shapes. It also discusses tools used for sketching and methods to draw different views like multiview, axonometric, and perspective drawings.
DELAB - sequence generation seminar
Title
[Paper Review] Knowing when to look: Adaptive Attention via A Visual Sentinel for Image Captioning
Table of contents
1. Image Captioning
2. Knowing When to Look: Adaptive Attention via A Visual
Sentinel for Image Captioning
3. Model Architecture
1) Encoder-Decoder for Image Captioning
2) Spatial Attention Model
3) Adaptive Attention Model
4. Results
5. Adaptive Attention Analysis
The document provides information on sketching and technical drawing techniques. It discusses isometric and orthographic drawings, coded plans, and viewpoints. It describes the design process as having 8 steps: identifying the problem and criteria, brainstorming solutions, developing ideas, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, building a model, refining the design. Dimensioning and proportions are important for sketches to convey accurate relative sizes despite not being to scale.
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce accurate multi-view drawings that show the true shape and size of an object through multiple two-dimensional views. Axonometric projection shows an object's three dimensions in a single view, making it easier to understand but introducing distortions from the true shape and size. Understanding engineering graphics and different projection methods is essential for effective technical communication.
Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics Lecture5-Engineering Drawin...Dr. Khaled Bakro
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce multi-view drawings of an object from different angles, accurately showing dimensions and shape. Axonometric projection shows a 3D object from a skewed angle in a single view, making shape and size relationships easier to visualize but introducing distortions. Engineering drawings must follow specific standards and conventions to precisely convey all necessary details about an object's specifications and features.
This document provides an overview and instructions for a 2D essentials class. It includes reminders about upcoming project deadlines, extra credit opportunities, and questions from prior chapters. It discusses concepts like runouts, plotting curves by hand, and isometric drawing. Students are instructed to break into groups to answer questions, sketch examples, and draw isometric shapes like cubes and boxes. The instructor emphasizes key pictorial drawing techniques including orthographic, oblique, perspective, and axonometric projections.
The document discusses different types of pictorial drawings used in technical drafting. It begins by stating the objectives of the lesson which are to define pictorial drawing, identify the three main types, and appreciate their importance. The three main types are then described in detail: isometric drawings show three dimensions at full scale using 30 degree angles, oblique projections preserve sizes of parallel faces but distort others, and perspective drawings provide a view similar to human vision using one, two, or three vanishing points. Pictorial drawings are important for communication between designers and producers as well as providing accurate visualizations of projects.
Technical drawing uses standardized visual conventions and symbols to unambiguously communicate engineering and design concepts. It is considered essential for industry. The international standard ISO 128 codifies common principles, such as types of lines and projection views. Technical drawing aims for objective, single interpretations compared to the subjective nature of artistic drawing. Draftspeople create technical drawings according to standardized guidelines for dimensions, projections, and different line types that indicate visible, hidden, cut, and other features of a design.
The document discusses sketching techniques and concepts in engineering drawing. It defines key terms like vertex, edge, plane, and different types of surfaces and solids. It explains different types of sketches like single-view, oblique, and perspective sketches. It provides guidelines for techniques like drawing points, lines, circles, and shapes. It also discusses tools used for sketching and methods to draw different views like multiview, axonometric, and perspective drawings.
DELAB - sequence generation seminar
Title
[Paper Review] Knowing when to look: Adaptive Attention via A Visual Sentinel for Image Captioning
Table of contents
1. Image Captioning
2. Knowing When to Look: Adaptive Attention via A Visual
Sentinel for Image Captioning
3. Model Architecture
1) Encoder-Decoder for Image Captioning
2) Spatial Attention Model
3) Adaptive Attention Model
4. Results
5. Adaptive Attention Analysis
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane to represent 3D objects in 2D views. Multiview projection shows the object through multiple views, while axonometric projection shows three dimensions in a single view, though with some distortion of angles and sizes. Hidden and center lines are also covered.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane. Orthographic projection can be used to create multiview drawings showing objects in two dimensions from different angles or axonometric drawings showing three dimensions in a single view. The document also covers topics like drawing standards, scales, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and their conventions.
This document provides an overview of techniques for technical drawing, including the use of different types of lines to illustrate shapes and features. It explains 11 different line types like object lines, hidden lines, and dimension lines. It also discusses techniques for drawing straight lines, curves, letters, shapes, solids, orthographic views, isometric drawings, perspective drawings, and oblique projections. The purpose is to illustrate fundamental drawing principles for visual technical communication.
Lesson 6_Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing (LO1)Judie T
This document provides an overview of different techniques for technical drawing, including various types of lines and their meanings. It discusses the importance of line quality and differentiating line patterns. Specific line types are defined, such as object lines, construction lines, dimension lines, and more. Guidelines are presented for drawing straight lines, curves, letters, shapes, solids, orthographic views, isometric views, perspective views, and oblique projections. The document emphasizes using light construction lines and developing line confidence and subtlety.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Anthony Chew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design through drawings, models and
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Preston Liew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Teck Wei
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting the design process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. The design will be evaluated based on its generated narrative and translation into spaces, application of design elements and principles, and demonstration of the design process through sketches,
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Anthony Chew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design through drawings, models and
The document discusses the objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and references for the Engineering Graphics course 20MEGO1. The objectives are to impart knowledge of engineering drawings and enable communication through graphical representations. The outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop surfaces of solids. The syllabus covers topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, sectioning of solids, isometric and perspective projections. References provided are engineering drawing textbooks.
The document provides information on the 20MEGO1 - Engineering Graphics course offered at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. The objectives of the course are to impart knowledge on interpreting engineering drawings and communicating concepts through graphical representations per engineering standards. The course outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop various projections of solids, sections, and surfaces. The syllabus is divided into 5 modules covering topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, projections of points lines and planes, projections of solids, sections and developments of surfaces, and isometric and perspective projections. References for the course are also provided.
Projection is a technique to transform a 3D object into a 2D plane. There are two main types of projection: parallel projection and perspective projection. Parallel projection involves projecting lines parallel to the view plane, maintaining accurate measurements but less realistic appearance. Perspective projection accounts for the finite distance to the view plane, making images more realistic but challenging to implement due to vanishing points. Common parallel projections include orthographic and oblique, while common perspective projections include one point, two point, and three point perspectives.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource for students to support the technical drawing components of their VCE studies and assessments.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource to support students in learning technical drawing skills and applying appropriate conventions.
This document provides an overview of different types of sketches used in the design process and basic sketching techniques. It discusses ideation sketches, exploratory sketches, explanatory sketches, and persuasive sketches. It emphasizes that sketching is an important skill for designers to communicate ideas, and that practice is required to develop this skill. The document then covers basic skills like drawing straight lines and parallel lines as warm-up exercises. It introduces two-point perspective and provides a step-by-step example of how to apply it when sketching a basic house. The goal is to help students improve their sketching and visualization abilities.
This document provides an overview of a graphic communication and artistic expression module. It will cover tools and techniques for graphically representing culinary concepts, as well as the basic theoretical knowledge of artistic expression in design. Students will practice sketching and communicating ideas for dishes, as well as food prototyping and presenting designs. The module will focus on perspective, proportions, basic shapes, color, and texture. Exercises are meant to improve students' sketching skills and view drawing as an expressive tool for communicating culinary ideas. Students will have their graphic skills evaluated throughout dynamics involving sketching dishes and presenting food product designs.
This document provides information about the 2D Essentials class including test scores, the course calendar, project details, and content covered in chapters 6 and 7 such as orthographic sketching conventions, section views, and common manufactured features. It outlines techniques for visualizing and drawing complex cylindrical shapes and features like fillets, rounds, and holes. Groups practiced applying various drawing conventions. The next topics will cover orthographic sketching and common features shown in views. Homework includes reading the rest of chapter 3 and answering review questions.
1- introduction Graphic and geometric graphics Engineering.Abo Talak Al-wayli
The document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and techniques. It discusses orthographic projection methods, including multiview and axonometric drawings. It also describes traditional drawing tools, freehand sketching techniques, and the importance of following drawing standards to ensure drawings are understood consistently. The key aspects covered are projection methods, common drawing elements, tools, and basic sketching skills.
The document discusses multi-view drawings and orthographic projection. It provides the following key points:
- Multi-view drawings show two or more 2D views of a 3D object to describe its shape and dimensions and serve as the main communication method between designers and manufacturers.
- Orthographic projection uses perpendicular lines of sight to project features of an object onto imaginary projection planes to create 2D views, with a total of six views for a 3D object.
- To sketch a multi-view drawing, the required space is calculated, construction lines are used to layout views, and object lines are drawn within the views to identify visible edges.
Projection is an image or view of an object. Projectors are lines drawn from each point of the object perpendicular to the plane of projection. The plane of projection is where the image is drawn. There are two main methods of dimensioning - unidirectional where all dimensions are in one direction, and aligned where dimensions are perpendicular to the dimension line. Principal planes of projection are the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes which are perpendicular to each other. Sectional views are used to see internal invisible details of an object and include front right half in section, total front in section, and total top in section.
Inrto to Architectural Drawing and Graphics Iindiracad
This document provides an overview of the Architectural Drawing and Graphics course. It describes the course scope, teaching methodology, schedule, and assessment criteria. The course aims to develop students' understanding of graphic communication in architecture. It covers topics like drawing instruments, graphic language components, plane and solid geometry, scale drawing, and sketching. Students will complete weekly assignments, have interactions with faculty, and a final sessional exam. The document lists the contact information for the three professors teaching the course.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane to represent 3D objects in 2D views. Multiview projection shows the object through multiple views, while axonometric projection shows three dimensions in a single view, though with some distortion of angles and sizes. Hidden and center lines are also covered.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane. Orthographic projection can be used to create multiview drawings showing objects in two dimensions from different angles or axonometric drawings showing three dimensions in a single view. The document also covers topics like drawing standards, scales, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and their conventions.
This document provides an overview of techniques for technical drawing, including the use of different types of lines to illustrate shapes and features. It explains 11 different line types like object lines, hidden lines, and dimension lines. It also discusses techniques for drawing straight lines, curves, letters, shapes, solids, orthographic views, isometric drawings, perspective drawings, and oblique projections. The purpose is to illustrate fundamental drawing principles for visual technical communication.
Lesson 6_Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing (LO1)Judie T
This document provides an overview of different techniques for technical drawing, including various types of lines and their meanings. It discusses the importance of line quality and differentiating line patterns. Specific line types are defined, such as object lines, construction lines, dimension lines, and more. Guidelines are presented for drawing straight lines, curves, letters, shapes, solids, orthographic views, isometric views, perspective views, and oblique projections. The document emphasizes using light construction lines and developing line confidence and subtlety.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Anthony Chew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design through drawings, models and
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Preston Liew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Teck Wei
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting the design process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. The design will be evaluated based on its generated narrative and translation into spaces, application of design elements and principles, and demonstration of the design process through sketches,
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Anthony Chew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design through drawings, models and
The document discusses the objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and references for the Engineering Graphics course 20MEGO1. The objectives are to impart knowledge of engineering drawings and enable communication through graphical representations. The outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop surfaces of solids. The syllabus covers topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, sectioning of solids, isometric and perspective projections. References provided are engineering drawing textbooks.
The document provides information on the 20MEGO1 - Engineering Graphics course offered at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. The objectives of the course are to impart knowledge on interpreting engineering drawings and communicating concepts through graphical representations per engineering standards. The course outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop various projections of solids, sections, and surfaces. The syllabus is divided into 5 modules covering topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, projections of points lines and planes, projections of solids, sections and developments of surfaces, and isometric and perspective projections. References for the course are also provided.
Projection is a technique to transform a 3D object into a 2D plane. There are two main types of projection: parallel projection and perspective projection. Parallel projection involves projecting lines parallel to the view plane, maintaining accurate measurements but less realistic appearance. Perspective projection accounts for the finite distance to the view plane, making images more realistic but challenging to implement due to vanishing points. Common parallel projections include orthographic and oblique, while common perspective projections include one point, two point, and three point perspectives.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource for students to support the technical drawing components of their VCE studies and assessments.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource to support students in learning technical drawing skills and applying appropriate conventions.
This document provides an overview of different types of sketches used in the design process and basic sketching techniques. It discusses ideation sketches, exploratory sketches, explanatory sketches, and persuasive sketches. It emphasizes that sketching is an important skill for designers to communicate ideas, and that practice is required to develop this skill. The document then covers basic skills like drawing straight lines and parallel lines as warm-up exercises. It introduces two-point perspective and provides a step-by-step example of how to apply it when sketching a basic house. The goal is to help students improve their sketching and visualization abilities.
This document provides an overview of a graphic communication and artistic expression module. It will cover tools and techniques for graphically representing culinary concepts, as well as the basic theoretical knowledge of artistic expression in design. Students will practice sketching and communicating ideas for dishes, as well as food prototyping and presenting designs. The module will focus on perspective, proportions, basic shapes, color, and texture. Exercises are meant to improve students' sketching skills and view drawing as an expressive tool for communicating culinary ideas. Students will have their graphic skills evaluated throughout dynamics involving sketching dishes and presenting food product designs.
This document provides information about the 2D Essentials class including test scores, the course calendar, project details, and content covered in chapters 6 and 7 such as orthographic sketching conventions, section views, and common manufactured features. It outlines techniques for visualizing and drawing complex cylindrical shapes and features like fillets, rounds, and holes. Groups practiced applying various drawing conventions. The next topics will cover orthographic sketching and common features shown in views. Homework includes reading the rest of chapter 3 and answering review questions.
1- introduction Graphic and geometric graphics Engineering.Abo Talak Al-wayli
The document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and techniques. It discusses orthographic projection methods, including multiview and axonometric drawings. It also describes traditional drawing tools, freehand sketching techniques, and the importance of following drawing standards to ensure drawings are understood consistently. The key aspects covered are projection methods, common drawing elements, tools, and basic sketching skills.
The document discusses multi-view drawings and orthographic projection. It provides the following key points:
- Multi-view drawings show two or more 2D views of a 3D object to describe its shape and dimensions and serve as the main communication method between designers and manufacturers.
- Orthographic projection uses perpendicular lines of sight to project features of an object onto imaginary projection planes to create 2D views, with a total of six views for a 3D object.
- To sketch a multi-view drawing, the required space is calculated, construction lines are used to layout views, and object lines are drawn within the views to identify visible edges.
Projection is an image or view of an object. Projectors are lines drawn from each point of the object perpendicular to the plane of projection. The plane of projection is where the image is drawn. There are two main methods of dimensioning - unidirectional where all dimensions are in one direction, and aligned where dimensions are perpendicular to the dimension line. Principal planes of projection are the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes which are perpendicular to each other. Sectional views are used to see internal invisible details of an object and include front right half in section, total front in section, and total top in section.
Inrto to Architectural Drawing and Graphics Iindiracad
This document provides an overview of the Architectural Drawing and Graphics course. It describes the course scope, teaching methodology, schedule, and assessment criteria. The course aims to develop students' understanding of graphic communication in architecture. It covers topics like drawing instruments, graphic language components, plane and solid geometry, scale drawing, and sketching. Students will complete weekly assignments, have interactions with faculty, and a final sessional exam. The document lists the contact information for the three professors teaching the course.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
2. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN
Konsep lakaran
Definasi lakaran
Tujuan dan kegunaan
Teknik lakaran
Kategori lakaran
3. SKETCHING CONCEPT
Sketching is the oldest written method of communication
ever known
Sketching in a pictorial drawing, can be viewed and
understood by individuals with no background in
engineering design
One of the technique to draw an objek in fast track to
show an idea or copy the existence objek
Image/ graphic much easy to understand, explain and
memories rather then word.
4. DEFINASI MELAKAR (SKETCHING)
Lukisan mengggunakan tangan bebas (rough
freehand drawing)
Untuk menzahirkan idea dalam bentuk grafik
Dijadikan dokumentasi awal, maklumat pembuatan,
berkomunikasi dan perbincangan.
Sesuai dalam percambahan idea (ideation phase)
dan proses reka bentuk
Dalam bentuk lukisan bergambar 3D atau pelbagai
gambar 2D.
z1Perlu mematuhi amalan piawaian lukisan
kejuruteraan
6. MENGAPA PERLU MELAKAR ?
1.Sebahagian dari proses reka bentuk –
‘ideation’
2.Menjana konsep2 pelesaikan masalah lebih
pantas
3.Menyampaikan maklumat mengenai imej-
imej mental secara perspektif,
4.Mempermudahkan konsep2 reka bentuk
5.Memperhalusi lukisan dengan lebih cepat
8. TUJUAN LAKARAN BEBAS
1. Dapat memberikan penerangan konsep dan idea
BUKAN menunjukkan perincian.
2. Untuk tujuan berkomunikasi tentang konsep reka
antara jabatan dengan cepat
3. Perlu dilukis dengan pantas dan jelas.
9. LATIHAN 1
Lakarkan dua kotak secara rupa
Kotak ini mempunyai ukuran yang sama
Tetapi satu menunjukkan ianya jauh dan satu lagi
dekat
Dalam rajah yang sama, bagaimana anda
menunjukkan kotak itu mempuyai satu permukaan
yang melengkung.
Bagaimana anda menetukan saiz kotak itu tanpa
memberi dimensi?
10.
11.
12. SKETCHING
• Core skill for most low-fidelity prototyping
• Not about drawing ability! Simple symbols
• Cruder sketch will emphasize conceptual design
over superficial, physical design
13. PICTURE CAN TELL US MANY THING
• Storyboards scenarios, bringing detail and a
chance to role play
•Series of scene sketches showing user
progression through a task flow
•Series of screenshots illustrating use case
Checkout: Product List, Shipping, Payment, Confirmation
14. EXAMPLE OF SKETCHING PROJECTIONS
perspective axonometric, e.g. isometric
oblique orthogonal, multiview
15. 1. Anda menyaksikan satu kejadian kemalangan
2. Satu daripada kereta itu tersangkut di atas
pokok.
3. Lakarkan kereta dan pokok itu dalam bentuk
3D?
Latihan 2
16. SKETCHING TECHNIQUES
line types
line precedence's
straight lines
circles
ellipses
blocking
grid paper
shape primitives
17. SKILL NEEDED
Stroke –line and round
Pencil type – hard and soft
Technique – measure, size and Proportions
Shading – light
Angle projection
18. LANKAH LAKARAN BEBAS
Secara amnya ada 3 langkah asas;
1. Lakaran dirancang dgn visualisasi
• Orientasi lakaran
• Saiz lakaran
• Perincian yg diperlukan
2. ‘Outline’ lakaran dibuat menggunakan garisan2 halus (light lines)
• Tentukan orientasi, saiz, proportion, ciri2 umum.
3. Garisan2 ditajamkan serta dihitamkan.
• Bina perincian lakaran berkenaan.
19. SKILL : STROKE TO DRAW A STARLIGHT LINE V
AND H
Vertical
line
Horizontal
line
20. TEKNIK MELAKAR BULATAN DAN ELIP
Garis lurus Garisan-garisan
lakaran selalunya
dilukis dgn satu urutan
terdiri dari dua atau tiga
laluan (passes) dgn
pensil.
Garisan
lengkuk
Menggunakan titik-titik
panduan (multiple
guide points).
Ellips Boleh menggunakan
satu cebisan dgn
kaedah ‘trammel
method’.
21. KESEPADAN DAN PEMBINAAN.
(PROPORTIONS AND CONSTRUCTION LINES)
Kesesuaian
dimensi-dimensi
asas sesuatu
object adalah lebih
penting dari saiz
fizikal sebenarnya.
Kesesuaian adalah
nisbah antara dua
dimensi sesuatu
objek.
Bagaiaman anda menetukan
saiz tanpa menunjukkan
dimensi?
23. Kategori lukisan lakaran
Multi-pandangan
(Multi view)
Gambar
(Pictorial)
Axometri
*Isometri
Oblik Perspektif
Pictorial drawings show the shape of an object viewed by the human eye.
Pictorial sketches are sketches that show height, width, and depth all in one view
24. Sistem Unjuran (Projection Systems)
Setiap lukisan sesuatu
objek melibatkan
pertalian ruang
antara;
1. Mata pemerhati,
atau titik station.
2. Objek.
3. Satah unjuran.
4. Projektor (visual
rays or line of
sight)
25. PERBANDINGAN ANTARA LUKISAN-LUKISAN ISOMETRI,
OBLIK, AND PERSPEKTIF
1. Multiview Projection 2. Axonometric Projection
3. Oblique Projection
4. Perspective Projection
27. Lukisan perspektif “satu-, dua-, dan tiga-titik”
Lukisan perspektif:
1. Garisan menegak (HL)-
pandangan mata (EV)
2. Jarak objek dari satah
gambar. (OS)
3. Kedudukan titik ‘station’.
4. Kedudukan garisan bumi
(ground line)
5. Jumlah titik-titik lenyap
(vanishing point)
OS
28. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
CHARACTERISTICS
Center of Projection (CP) is a finite distance from object
Projectors are rays (i.e., non-parallel)
Vanishing points
Objects appear smaller as distance from CP (eye of observer)
increases
Difficult to determine exact size and shape of object
Most realistic, difficult to execute
29. PERSPECTIVE SKETCH
Horizon – observer’s eye level
Ground Line – plane on which object rests
Vanishing point – position on horizon where
depth projectors converge
Projection plane – plane upon which object is
projected
30. CLASSES OF PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
One-Point Perspective
Two-Point Perspective
Three-Point Perspective
View from Above
31. VANISHING POINTS
Object edges parallel to projection plane remain
parallel in a perspective projection
Object edges not parallel to projection plane
converge to a single point in a perspective
projection vanishing point (vp)
Vanishing point of a principal axis principal
vanishing point (pvp)
32. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
One principal axis cuts
projection plane one
principal vanishing point
Projection plane parallel to one
principal plane
object
image
33. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
Two principal axes cut
projection plane two
principal vanishing
points
Projection plane
parallel to one principal
axis
object
image
36. • Kedudukan teks dimensi yg tidak betul
• Garisan dimensi sengit
•Anak panah ada yg hilang!
POST MORTEM
Bolehkah kamu tentukan kelemahan lakaran ini?
38. • Kedudukan teks dimensi yg tidak betul
• Garisan dimensi sengit
• Garisan terlindung tidak kemas
39. Terdapat beberapa kelemahan dlm
lakaran:
•Dimensi perlu lengkap
•Dimensi perlu berada pada kedudukan
yg sesuai
•Elakkan dimensi yg berulang
(redundant)
40. •Dimensi perlu lengkap
•Dimensi perlu berada pada kedudukan
yg sesuai
•Garisan terlindung ada yg tertinggal
•Garisan tengah tiada.
•Dimensi jejari tiada
41. •Dimensi perlu berada pada kedudukan
yg sesuai
•Jarak garisan dimensi hampir dgn
sempadan objek
•Garisan tengah/simetri tiada.
•Ketebalan garisan nyata, dimensi, dan
nyata kelihatan sama.
42. •Dimensi perlu berada pada
kedudukan yg sesuai
•Garisan tengah/simetri tiada.
•Ketebalan garisan nyata, dimensi,
dan nyata kelihatan sama.
•Dimensi ada yg berulang
•Ada kesilapan kecil pada garisan
terlindung (jgn ada ruang, mesti
sentuh sempadan objek)
43. Lakaran kemas dan bersih, tetapi…
•Dimensi perlu berada pada
kedudukan yg sesuai
•Satu lagi garisan tengah/simetri
tiada.
•Ketebalan garisan nyata dan
terlindung kelihatan sama.
44. •Orientasi lakaran yg tidak tepat.
•Bulatan menjadi elips….tidak
‘propotional’
•Dimensi perlu berada pada
kedudukan yg sesuai
•Satu lagi garisan tengah/simetri
tiada.
•Ketebalan garisan nyata, tengah
dan terlindung kelihatan sama.
46. PROJECTION PLANE LOCATION
• Size of projected image depends upon location of projection plane with
respect to object
47. VANISHING POINTS REVISITED
A vanishing point is
found by passing a
line through the center
of projection, parallel
to a set of parallel
object edges. The
point where the line
pierces the projection
plane is the vanishing
point.
object
image
49. 4 ANGLE PROJECTION/MULTI VIEW
Orthogonal drawing- 1st, 2nd , 3rd and 4 th
Can you distinguish between this 4 view ?
Aa
D
B
C A
50. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
50
The “Alphabet of Lines”…
Lines have both style
and precedence.
Object (visible) lines are
the MOST
important…then hidden
lines…then center
lines…etc.
52. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
52
Sketches use “proportion”, not scale!
Proportion allows the designer to use
approximate values to create a
balanced looking object.
Sketches are…accurate freehand
drawings which use single lines to
represent edges and features.
Multi-line sketching is NOT used in
engineering design. (Scribbling!)
53. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
53
Classification of Sketches:
Each classification of sketch has a
particular purpose from production
use…to technical illustration.
54. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
54
Projection types:
Here’s how the same object may look using different projection styles.
55. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
55
Projection types:
Projection type is
defined by the “line of
sight” from the
observer.
Let’s look at some of
these…..
56. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
56
Let’s now take another look at
multiview drawings in more
detail…..
57. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
57
We have already seen
how views are aligned
with the surface of an
object.
Using the “glass box”
method of visualization
helps us understand the
relationship views have
with one another, i. e. the
front view is next to the
top and right side views,
etc.
58. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
58
Here we can see all the
principle views of an object as
the glass box is unfolded.
It is easy to see that some of
the principle views have more
detail through the use of object
(visible) lines than others.
Always choose views that have
the least amount of hidden lines
in them and show the most
detail.
59. CGT 110 – TECHNICAL GRAPHICS COMMUNICATION
Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
59
Using miter and projection
lines, we can easily transfer
“space dimensions” between
views.
60. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
60
Projection methods:
3RD Angle (US Standard)
ISO (1ST Angle Metric Standard)
NOTE:
Reverse construction methods work just
as well in 1ST Angle projection.
61. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
61
Here, we can see that
surface C is shown as
both as object and
hidden lines
depending on the view
we are looking at.
Remember: One definition of a “line” is that it is the geometry
on the edge of a surface. (Surface C appears in
its edge view in the front and top views.)
62. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
62
When choosing which of the principle views to draw,
remember these rules:
1. Choose as many views as it takes to show ALL
the details of the object. The front view usually
shows the most detail, or best view of the
general shape of the object in its natural
position.
2. Choose views that shows a majority of object
(visible) lines, and a minimum of hidden lines.
3. Choose views that show features as surfaces first,
and as lines second.
63. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
63
Always try to draw views in
their most natural position.
This is obviously more difficult to
visualize!
64. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
64
Why is the left side view not required?
ANSWER: It doesn’t add any new information!
65. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
65
Why is the left side
view not required?
ANSWER: It has too many hidden lines!
66. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
66
Surfaces will appear as edges at times. Edges may be
foreshortened (shorter than normal), or “True Length” (TL).
67. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
67
Oblique edge lines are created by
oblique surfaces.
These are surfaces that are
neither true shape or true size in
any principle view.
68. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
68
Even simple, primitive
shapes often need
several views to fully
describe their topology.
69. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
69
“Limiting Elements” are lines that show the outer boundaries of
cylindrical or conical objects. How many views of such objects are
usually needed to show its shape?
70. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
70
Remember: In multiview drawings, tangency is shown
between to surfaces by the absence of
any line.
Here, the arched and planar
surfaces are tangent.
Arched and planar surfaces
which are NOT tangent.
71. Week 3: Multiview Drawings 1
71
Holes and cylinders may appear “True Shape and Size” (TSS),
or foreshortened depending on the view in which they appear.
(Foreshortened circles will appear as ellipses.)
72. THE DIRECTION OF PROJECTION CAN BE TOP-LEFT, TOP-
RIGHT, BOTTOM-LEFT, OR BOTTOM-RIGHT. THE RECEDING
AXIS IS TYPICALLY DRAWN AT 60, 45, OR 30 DEGREES.
Top Left Top Right
Bottom Left Bottom Right
73. PERSOALAN LAKARAN BEBAS
1. Adakah lakaran bebas masih sesuia
diera CAD?
• Ya kerana ia merupakan teknik
lukisan paling asas, murah dan
pantas.
• Hanya memerlukan kemahiran
tangan (yang boleh digilap) tanpa
bekalan elektrik, hanya kertas dan
pensel.
• PDA.Pad dan HP sudah menyedikan
kemudahan lakaran menggunaan
‘stylus’ /jari pada skrin sentuh!
74. PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Sketch this objek in 3D form
1. Find out type of drawing ?
2. Fill the missing angle
3. Draw it back in 3D view
75. LATIHAN Q
1. Pictorial drawings have a disadvantages. List out
all of it
2. Describe an orthographic (multi-view) sketch.
76.
77. RUMUSAN
Lakaran bertujuan untuk:
______________________________
Lakaran boleh berlaku pada objek yang sudah ada
atau yang belum pernah wujud
_________________________________
Lakaran boleh jadi dalam ___atau ___
Dalam lakaran reka bentuk ialah mengutamakan
____________________