This document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of classes, objects, and different types of inheritance and polymorphism. The key benefits of OOP highlighted are code reuse through inheritance, flexibility through polymorphism, effective problem solving, data hiding for security, and managing software complexity. Popular object-oriented programming languages mentioned include Java, Python, C++, and C#.

1. Submitted To-
Mr.Chandra Shekhar Patel
(Dept. of Computer Science)
Submitted By-
Ayush Pandey
(BCA Final year)

2. Contents
● Introduction
● Features of Oops
● Benefits of Oops
● Object oriented Languages

3. Object Oriented Programming
● OOP was introduced to overcome flaws in the
procedural approach to programming.
● Such as of reusability & maintainability.
● It ties data more closely to the functions that
operate on it, and protects it from accidental
modification from outside functions.
● OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a
number of entities called objects

4. Class A
Data
Function
Class B
Data
Function
Class C
Data
Function

5. Concept of Oops
● Classes
● Objects
● Data Encapsulation
● Data Abstraction
● Inheritance
● Polymorphism

6. Class & Object
● A class is collections of objects of similar type.
● C# is the primary building block of language.
It mean’s to work with C# you have to create classes to
make a program. You can use classes as a template.
Object -
● It is a instance of a class.
● Any real world entity present in the world.

9. Features of Oops
● Encapsulation
● Data Abstraction
● Inheritance
● Polymorphism

10. Encapsulation
● The wrapping up of data and functions into a single
unit is known as Encapsulation
● The data is not accessible to the outside world and
only those functions which are wrapped in the class
can access it.
● This insulation of the data from direct access by the
program is called data hiding or information hiding.

11. Data Abstraction
● Abstraction is the process of hiding the details and
exposing the details and exposing the essential
features of the particular concept.
● Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential
features without including the background details or
explanations.

12. Inheritance
● Inheritance is the property to which a child class
obtain all the features define in it parents class.
Ex- A child can inherit the generatic properties of
his parents
● In OOP the concept of inheritance provides the idea
of reusability.
● This means that we can add additional features to
an existing class without modifying it.

14. Types of Inheritance
● Single Inheritance
● Hierarchical Inheritance
● Multilevel Inheritance
● Multiple Inheritance
Class A
Class B

15. Polymorphism
● Polymorphism is a Greek Term which means ability
to take more than one form.
● For Example + is used to sum of two numbers as
well as it is used to combine two strings
Operator +
2+3=5 ‘mno’+’pqr’

16. Types Of Polymorphism
● These are two types-
1.Compile Time Polymorphism
2.Run Time polymorphism

17. Compile Time Polymorphism
● Also known as (Overloading ,Static)
When the Compiler compile a program the compiler
because the information about the method argument
and accordingly the compiler finds the appropriate
method to the object and the compile time key.

18. Types of Overloading
● Operator Overloading
● Method Overloading

19. Run-Time Polymorphism
● Overriding is the feature provided by Oops the
allows a derived class to produce a specific
implementation of a method the is already provides
by its base class.
● We use virtual and override keywords.

20. Benefits of Oops
● Reuse of code through inheritance.
● Flexibility through polymorphism.
● Effective problem solving.
● The principle of data hiding helps the programmers to built
secure program that can’t be invaded by code in other parts
of the program.
● Object-oriented systems can be easily upgraded from small
to large system
● Software complexity can be easily managed.

21. Object Oriented Languages
● Java
● Python
● Ruby
● C++
● Smalltalk
● Visual Basic .NET
● C#