Avoiding Adverse Food Reactions
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This document summarizes common food allergies and intolerances, including their causes and treatments. It discusses the differences between food allergies mediated by the immune system and food intolerances affecting the digestive system. Specific conditions covered include phenylketonuria (PKU), tyrosinemia, lactose intolerance, and celiac disease. For each condition, the document outlines the genetic and metabolic bases, symptoms that can result from the inability to break down certain proteins or sugars, and medical treatments focused on dietary restrictions and medical formulas.
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Avoiding Adverse Food Reactions
- 1. Understanding Adverse Food ReactionsBy Bethany Downing
- 3. The difference between ordinary and extraordinary Is that little extra.
- 4. What’s the difference between a Food Allergy and a Food Intolerance?
- 5. Food Allergy Immune System Food Intolerance Digestive System
- 6. Food Allergy Food Intolerance •Pharmacologic •Inborn metabolic errors •Idiosyncratic •Or any other non- immunoglobulin E response •Immunoglobulin E mediated reaction •Occurs in response to exposure to food protein •Food allergies include inhalation, ingestion and skin contact
- 7. Food Intolerance: Inborn Metabolic Error Inherited, caused by absence or reduced activity of a specific enzyme
- 9. What is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide?
- 10. Lactase deficiency, also known as Lactose Intolerance But, have you ever heard of Galactosemia?
- 11. Proteins are made of 20 building blocks called amino acids
- 12. Two protein building blocks (amino acids) that we are going to look at today are: •Phenylalanine •Tyrosine
- 13. People with PKU cannot process phenylalanine because they lack the enzyme to do so. With Tyrosinemia, individuals can not process tyrosine
- 14. When these amino acids can not be metabolized correctly, they build up in the blood and body.
- 15. The build up causes brain damage
- 16. Failure to break down tyrosine leads to accumulation of tyrosine and its metabolites in the liver Resulting in: • Severe liver disease •Kidney dysfunction
- 18. Treatment • Restrict the amino acids • Nutritional supplementation with special medical formula
- 19. Since amino acids are the building blocks of protein, high protein foods must be restricted
- 20. Phenylalanine is found in the artificial sweetener aspartame—be careful with sugar free foods. Caution
- 21. Protein • Growth • Make new cells • Repair tissues
- 22. protein diet must be implemented and a special formula is used, the diet still needs to be rich in other nutrients available at KU Dining Services
- 24. PKU: 1 in every 15,000 Tyrosinemia: 1 in every 100,000 – 120,000
- 25. What causes PKU or Tyrosinemia? • Genetic makeup
- 26. Celiac Disease
- 27. “Three Hidden Ways Wheat Makes You Fat”-huffingtonpost.com “Will a gluten-free diet improve your health?” -Health.com
- 28. •Villous atrophy •Malabsorption •Malnutrition •Possibly cancer The autoimmune inflammatory response leads to:
- 30. What’s the big deal?
- 32. 1 in 133 persons in the United States has Celiac Disease
- 34. •Fatigue •Weight loss •Nutrient malabsorption •Anemias •Osteoporosis •Vitamin K related coagulopathy 50% of celiac patients have few or no symptoms
- 35. Combination of •Genetic susceptibility •Unknown trigger Create an abnormal immune response to gluten What is the cause of celiac disease?
- 36. 4 out of 5 Rule: 1.Presentation of typical symptoms 2.Positive serum celiac disease IgAautoantibodies at higher titer 3.A DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genotype 4.Celiac enteropathy seen on small bowel biopsy 5.A positive response to a gluten free diet
- 37. Medical Nutrition Therapy •Wheat (gluten & gluten) •Rye (secalin) •Barley (hordein) • Oats
- 40. Do your part.
- 41. It’s ok if you don’t have the answers. Please ask somebody who knows!
- 43. Thank You
- 44. Works Citied
Editor's Notes
- Trained employees and managers can be the greatest assets. We want employees to understand what to do and why to do it.
- If not treated, the build up of phenylalanine results in damaged nerve cells, causing brain damage and mental retardation
- (in one region of the Quebec province of Canada it is as common as 1 in 1,850 births!)