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![Syntax Examples
Puppet
class myapache {
package “apache2”
service “apache2”:
ensure => “running”,
require => Package[“apache2”]
}
cloudbau
Samstag, 16. November 13
Chef
package “apache2”
service “apache2 do
action [:enable , :start]
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automation-puppet-chef-131119134731-phpapp01/85/Infrastructure-as-Code-with-Chef-Puppet-42-320.jpg)
![System Information (Chef Example)
execute "load sysctl" do
command "/sbin/sysctl -p"
action :nothing
end
bytes = node['memory']['total'].split("kB")[0].to_i * 1024 / 3,
pages = node['memory']['total'].split("kB")[0].to_i * 1024 / 3 / 2048
# adjust shared memory and semaphores
template "/etc/sysctl.conf" do
source "sysctl.conf.erb"
variables(
:shmmax_in_bytes => bytes,
:shmall_in_pages => pages
)
notifies :run, "execute[load sysctl]", :immediately
end
cloudbau
Samstag, 16. November 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automation-puppet-chef-131119134731-phpapp01/85/Infrastructure-as-Code-with-Chef-Puppet-51-320.jpg)
![Templates
# Set up application listeners here.
listen application 0.0.0.0:80
balance roundrobin
<% @pool_members.each do |member| -%>
server <%= member[:hostname] %> <%= member[:ipaddress]
weight 1 maxconn 1 check
<% end -%>
<% if node["haproxy"]["enable_admin"] -%>
listen admin 0.0.0.0:22002
mode http
stats uri /
<% end -%>
cloudbau
Samstag, 16. November 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automation-puppet-chef-131119134731-phpapp01/85/Infrastructure-as-Code-with-Chef-Puppet-52-320.jpg)
Uploaded byEdmund Siegfried Haselwanter
Infrastructure as Code with Chef / Puppet
Puppet and Chef are popular configuration management tools that use code to define and automate infrastructure. Puppet uses a declarative domain-specific language (DSL) and model-based approach, while Chef uses Ruby scripts and a top-down execution model. Both tools allow defining reusable infrastructure components as modules/cookbooks and converge systems to their desired state. Puppet is open source while Chef offers commercial support plans starting at $120/month.
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Infrastructure as Code with Chef / Puppet
- 1. Infrastructure as Code withChef / Puppet Edmund Haselwanter (e.haselwanter@cloudbau.de) Samstag, 16. November 13
- 2. Introduction Edmund Haselwanter ●Co-Founder andCSO cloudbau GmbH ●Dell Professional Services (Openstack/Crowbar/ Automation) ●Software Development Background ●10 Years Infrastructure Automation ●@ehaselwanter on twitter/github/irc/... cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 3. Business-Agility needs IT-Agility Formost companies, IT functions as the nervous system and provides an increasing amount of the organizational muscle mass. Most critical business functions are entirely automated within IT, and 95% of all capital projects depend on IT to get done. Today, nearly every business decision will result in at least one IT change. „IT REVOLUTION MANIFESTO“, http://itrevolution.com Theory of Constraints → → E.M. Goldratt, 1984 cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Gene Kim, Kevin Behr, George Spafford, 2013
- 4. IT-Agility and the„Risk of Change“ Request Approve Develop Test WaterScrum Deploy - Fall The core, chronic conflict that every IT leader faces is the need to simultaneously enable faster time to market (i.e., make as many changes as you can), while providing stable, secure and reliable IT services (i.e., make as few changes as you can). Gene Kim „Lowering risk of change through tools and culture“ John Allspaw, Paul Hammond, 2009 small changes, often reproducible Samstag, 16. November 13 cooperative culture process standards cloudbau expect failure metrics
- 5. Tools and Culture Config-DB CPUVirt. Binary-Repo StorageVirt. SDN Orchestration ProdEnv Programmable Infrastructure Description in Code Automatic Build DevOps Cross-Functional Teams Process and Culture cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Stage Env Anti-Fragile Organizations Continuos Delivery Description Dev Env
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- 7. Evolving towards Configuration Management ●Justbuild it ●Keep notes in server.txt ●Move notes to the wiki ●Custom scripts (in scm?!) ●Snapshot & Clone cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
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- 10. Collection of Resources • • • • • Networking Files Directories Symlinks Mounts • • • • • • • • • cloudbau http://www.flickr.com/photos/philliecasablanca/3354734116/ Samstag,16. November 13 Routes Users Groups Tasks Packages Software Services Configuration Other Stuff
- 11. Acting in Concert cloudbau Samstag,16. November 13 http://www.flickr.com/photos/glowjangles/4081048126/
- 12. To Provide aService cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 http://www.flickr.com/photos/28309157@N08/3743455858/
- 13. And it Evolves cloudbau Samstag,16. November 13 http://www.flickr.com/photos/16339684@N00/2681435235/
- 14. See Node Application Server cloudbau Samstag,16. November 13
- 15. See Nodes Application Server ApplicationDatabase cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 16. See Nodes Grow ApplicationServer Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 17. See Nodes Grow ApplicationServers Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 18. See Nodes Grow LoadBalancer Application Servers Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 19. See Nodes Grow LoadBalancers Application Servers Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 20. See Nodes Grow LoadBalancers Application Servers Application Database Cache Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 21. Tied Together withConfiguration Load Balancers Application Servers Application Database Cache Application Databases cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 22. So when this Graphite Nagios JbossApp Memcache Postgres Slaves cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Postgres Master
- 23. Becomes This Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache PostgresSlaves cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Postgres Master
- 24. This can happenautomagically Graphite Nagios Jboss App Memcache Postgres Slaves cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Postgres Master
- 25. Count the Resources Graphite Nagios JbossApp Memcache Postgres Slaves • • • • • • • • • • • • • Load balancer config Nagios host ping Nagios host ssh Nagios host HTTP Nagios host app health Graphite CPU Graphite Memory Graphite Disk Graphite SNMP Memcache firewall Postgres firewall Postgres authZ config 12+ resource changes for 1 node addition cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 26. Focus Today: Chefand Puppet Series A: 2,5 M$ (2009) Series B: 11 M$ (2010) Series C: 19,5 M$ (2012) Technologie cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Series A: 2 M$ (2009) Series B: 5 M$ (2010) Series C: 8,5 M$ (2011) Series D: 30 M$ (2013) Technologie *alle Angaben von www.crunchbase.com
- 27. Chef & Puppet since2005 since 2009 Declarative DSL Ruby DSL Customers: Customers: • CERN • Facebook • Zynga • SAP •VMware • IBM (Smartcloud) • Samstag, 16. November 13 AWS (OpsWorks) • Twitter cloudbau • Microsoft
- 28. What is Chef? Chefis an IT automation platform for developers & systems engineers to continuously define, build, and manage infrastructure. CHEF USES: Recipes and Cookbooks that describe and deliver code. Chef enables people to easily build & manage complex & dynamic applications at massive scale. • New model for describing infrastructure that promotes reuse • Programmatically provision and configure • Reconstruct business from code repository, data backup, and bare metal resources cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 “! ”!
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- 31. What is Puppet? Puppetis IT automation software that helps system administrators manage infrastructure throughout its lifecycle, from provisioning and configuration to orchestration and reporting. How Puppet Works Puppet uses a declarative, model-based approach to IT automation. 1. Define the desired state of the infrastructure's configuration using Puppet's declarative configuration language. 2. Simulate configuration changes before enforcing them. 3. Enforce the deployed desired state automatically, correcting any configuration drift. 4. Report on the differences between actual and desired states and any changes made enforcing the desired state. cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
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- 35. Declarative Language Package A Template1 File 1 Package B cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Service I
- 36. Convergence to desiredState State X State Y “run” Package A Package A Template 1 File 1 File 1 Package B cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Service I
- 37. Idempotence State Y State Y “run” PackageA Template 1 File 1 Package B cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Service I Package A Template 1 File 1 Package B Service I
- 38. The Implementations Puppet andChef cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
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- 41. Syntax Puppet Chef Limited DSL (bydesign) DSL + full ruby Extended by Definitions Custom Resource providers ERB & Custom Libraries cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Definitions, Resource/Providers, Light Weight Resource Definitions, Resource/Providers, Light Weight Resource Providers, Libraries
- 42. Syntax Examples Puppet class myapache{ package “apache2” service “apache2”: ensure => “running”, require => Package[“apache2”] } cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Chef package “apache2” service “apache2 do action [:enable , :start] end
- 43. Variables Puppet Chef #special syntax #native ruby $bla= “aa” bla = “aa” #string interpolation #string interpolation $bla_string = “${bla}” bla_string = #{bla} cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 44. Loops Puppet Chef pass array ofelements erb template for loops create_resource (:type, hash) cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 do while , repeat etc. available through native ruby
- 45. Conditionals Puppet (since 2.7) Chef if case(execute block) selectors (get value) cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 if, unless, case etc. available through native ruby
- 46.
- 47. Execution Model Puppet Chef Compile catalog(directed graph model) Then Execute Top Down execution only code for state transition is visited every line of code is visited all the time cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 48. Execution Model Puppet Chef standalone standalone client -server cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 client - server hosted
- 49. System Information Puppet/Factor =>Flat Key/Value Chef/Ohai => Nested Hash "hostname": "server-1", "fqdn": "server-1.example.com", "domain": "example.com", "network": { "interfaces": { "eth0": { "type": "eth", "number": "0", "encapsulation": "Ethernet", "addresses": { "00:0C:29:43:26:C5": { "family": "lladdr" }, "192.168.177.138": { "family": "inet", "broadcast": "192.168.177.255", "netmask": "255.255.255.0" }, cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 50. System Information ●Selects PackageProvider ●Selects Service Provider ●.... cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 51. System Information (ChefExample) execute "load sysctl" do command "/sbin/sysctl -p" action :nothing end bytes = node['memory']['total'].split("kB")[0].to_i * 1024 / 3, pages = node['memory']['total'].split("kB")[0].to_i * 1024 / 3 / 2048 # adjust shared memory and semaphores template "/etc/sysctl.conf" do source "sysctl.conf.erb" variables( :shmmax_in_bytes => bytes, :shmall_in_pages => pages ) notifies :run, "execute[load sysctl]", :immediately end cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 52. Templates # Set upapplication listeners here. listen application 0.0.0.0:80 balance roundrobin <% @pool_members.each do |member| -%> server <%= member[:hostname] %> <%= member[:ipaddress] weight 1 maxconn 1 check <% end -%> <% if node["haproxy"]["enable_admin"] -%> listen admin 0.0.0.0:22002 mode http stats uri / <% end -%> cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
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- 56. Web Interface cloudbau Samstag, 16.November 13
- 57. Tools ●Razor for baremetal provisioning ●mcollectiv for remote execution/ orchestration ●test-kitchen for infrastructure testing ●vagrant for rapid development ● .... cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 58. Networking ●Switch Config ●Driven bySDN Adoption ●Lots of Vendors (Arista ..) cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
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- 60. Chef Community Community Overview! 25,000+Community Members! ! 1,000+ Community " Cookbooks! ! 250,000+ Cookbook Downloads! ! 400+ Public Training Attendees in the last year! ! 30+ Meetup Groups! ! cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 Over 200 Corporate Contributors
- 61. http://community.opscode.com/cookbooks approx 1200 co0kbooks 134maintained by Opscode cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 62. http://forge.puppetlabs.com approx 1700 modules 72maintained by Puppetlabs cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 63. The Price Tag cloudbau Samstag,16. November 13
- 64. Puppet: How toBuy Cumulative # of Per Node Per Node Premium Nodes Standard Support Support* 1-10 Download FREE NA 11-99 $ 99 Contact Sales 100-249 $ 93 Contact Sales 250-499 $ 88 $ 152 500-999 $ 83 $ 119 1000-2499 $ 79 $ 99 2500+ Contact Sales Contact Sales cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13 https://puppetlabs.com/puppet/how-to-buy
- 65. Puppet Enterprise vs.OpenSource cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 66. Chef: How toBuy Free Launch Free $ 120 $ 300 $ 600 Nodes 5 20 50 100 Standard Support — ✔ ✔ ✔ Price per Month Standard Premium http://www.opscode.com/enterprise-chef/#plans-pricing cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 67. Enterprise Chef vs.OpenSource Chef cloudbau Samstag, 16. November 13
- 68. Danke! cloudbau Edmund Haselwanter @ehaselwanter e.haselwanter@cloudbau.de +49 3057701800 www.cloudbau.de Samstag, 16. November 13 cloudbau GmbH Körnerstr. 7-10 10785 Berlin
- 69. Credits: • Patrick Debois (http://www.jedi.be/blog/)for some of his Puppet/Chef Slides • Opscode (http://www.opscode.com) for product info and some slides • Puppetlabs (http://puppetlabs.com) for product info Samstag, 16. November 13