Designing IA for AI - Information Architecture Conference 2024
Automation
1. Automation By: Christopher Bridge & Joao Dos Santos Student Numbers: 100675720 & 100429542 Date: Wednesday, March 30, 2011
2. Table of Contents Definition Brief history of automation Type of automation 3.1 Computer-aided design (CAD) 3.2 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) 3.3 Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) Major technologies involving automation 4.1 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Technology 4.2 Robotic Technology 4.3 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Technology
3. Table of Contents Con't Manufacturing performance Benefits of automation Automation strategies Summary Bibliography
4. Definition “Automation defines as the application of mechanical, electrical and or computer technology to reduce the level of human participation in performing task” (Automation Technologies, pg. 27).
5. Brief History Beginning man always looked for better way to develop life Work & home 1st automation = born in factories 19th century = 1st application electricity permitted to make automated operation without human being Automation created artificial intelligence Intelligence of machines & computer science = creates it Delmar Harder first used the word in 1935 but James R. Bright introduced automation in 1958 into the manufacturing of automobiles
6. Types of Automation Computer-aided Design (CAD) & Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) Software that improves dramatically, way products are designed Ex. Shop floor control system Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Links the design of a product with manufacturing, resulting in a completely integrated manufacturing facility
7. CAD Often in form of electronic files for printing or machines Industry-based software Ex. Construction, manufacturing, ship building, aerospace, automotive, architectural & prosthetics Graphic based software, uses linear lines & shapes Information it displays are: materials, processes, dimensions & tolerances Design curves & or figures in 2D or 3D
8. CAM Computer software designed to control & operate machines Manufacturing for planning, management, transportation & storage Main purpose = minimize waste of raw materials to produce fast & quality products Project designed in CAD – used in manufacturing under CAM
9. CIM Using computers to control entire production process Exchange information & action with one another Manufacturing = faster & little errors Main advantage to create automated manufacturing processes = eliminating human beings
10. Major Technologies Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Utilizes combination of mechanical, electrical & computer technology = tool moving by computer software rather than hand Robotic Technology Similar to CNC Move in 3D Ex. Cartesian coordinate Robotic, Scara, articulated arm robotic Programmable Logical Control (PLC) Motion control over tasks Using electrical & computer technology Coordinates activities between CNC machines & robot
11. CNC Program commands on storage medium 1st CNC = 1940s based on existing tools, modified for motors Modern CNC = analog & digital computers, changed manufacturing process Highly demanding on CAD & CAM
12. Robotic Deals with design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacturing & application Current power source = lead batteries, future sources could be pneumatic, hydraulics or radioactive source Actuators = muscles of robot Current robots can have touch & vision, similar to humans – manufacturing process much easier Locomotion – move from 1 place to another in manufacturing process
13. PLC Digital computer used for automation Ex. Control of machinery on assembly lines, amusement rides or lighting fixtures Unlike a general PC, PLC has multiple inputs & outputs, temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise & resistance to vibration & impact Programs typically stored in battery packed memory
14. Manufacturing Performance Measures used most often to quality production are: Productivity Setup time measure of amount of time to prepare machine or process, make product hour Production capacity
15. Benefits Increase labour output Increasing output – direct effect on increasing productivity Ex. Robot handle material Use of PLC to control manual process Can be expressed in GDP 3 most common measures of input Hours worked Work forced job Number people employment
16. Benefits Con't Reduce labour cost Direct increasing productivity Cheaper manufacturing process Reduce labour cost = most profit Reduce or eliminate labour shortages By eliminating man, injuries & time off do not occur Reduce or eliminate routine manual electrical tasks Reduce or elimination of routine tasks 1st step improving processes productivity
17. Benefits Con`t Improve worker safety Reducing accidents also increase productivity Improve product quality Improve products quality yields many benefits to manufacturer Reduced wastes in business & environment = quality products & higher sales
18. Strategies Minimized manufacturing process steps Increase process fexibility Improving process flexibility enables machine to process more product variety Flexibility achieved by minimizing or eliminating setup time Implement process control Produce high quality product – consistent & reliable process Achieve this = process must be rigorously control
19. Summary Benefits of automation technology have changed manufacturing industries Always expressed in productivity improvement by looking at: Reducing labour output Improving worker safety Improving product quality Reducing producing time
20. Work Cited Kandray, D. (Ed.). (2010). Programmable automation. New York: Library of Congress Catalog Make, F. (2008). Our flexible friends [factory automation] Ime, A (2010, Feb 16). The history of automation http://ezinearticles.com,
