Operations conducted in a typical airport are diversified and often span multiple information systems. Complex yet interdependent processes such as flight check-in, flight information maintenance, cleaning crew operations and waiting time prediction raise the requirement of operating a connected business. These requirements have made the airport operators choose comprehensive enterprise middleware platforms over isolated software products. In this session we will explore the features of WSO2’s comprehensive 100% open source middleware platform which enables successful automation of complex airport operations. We will do so with a few example processes from two information domains such as individuals and airport services. This webinar will also discuss the following topics: Introducing airport operations and the requirements of a connected business Providing real-time information to individuals Integrating diversified information for successful flight operations Predicting the time taken for regular airport services

1. Webinar: Automating Complex
Airport Operations with WSO2
Middleware Platform
Miyuru Dayarathna and Ramindu De Silva

2. Introduction
● Operations conducted in a typical airport are
diversified and often span multiple information
systems.
● Examples include,
○ flight check-in
○ flight information maintenance
○ cleaning crew operations
○ traffic control (air/ground)
○ etc.
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3. Problem
● Information systems involved in airport operations are
mostly isolated [1].
● We need comprehensive
enterprise middleware platforms over isolated solutions.
● Why?
○ Reduced operation cost
○ Improved service quality
○ Time-based
competitiveness
○ New products and services
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[1] Norman J. Ashford, Saleh Mumayiz, Paul H. Wright (2011), Airport Engineering: Planning, Design and Development of 21st Century Airports, John
Wiley & Sons, 2011

4. WSO2 Data Analytics Server
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5. Real-time Analytics :
WSO2 Complex Event Processor
5

6. Predictive Analytics :
WSO2 Machine Learner
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7. Solution
Use a comprehensive middleware platform to
develop a unified solution.
o Front-end services
o Provide real-time information on average wait
time
o Back-end services
o Material services
o Fleet services
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8. Front-end information services :
Providing real-time information
• Information such as wait time are
important for individual travellers.
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9. Providing real-time information to
individuals
● We have implemented an iBeacon based wait
time prediction application.
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WSO2 DAS
Reorder
Kalman
Filter
Average
beacon
locations
Update
waiting
time of
specific
areas
Publisher
Receiver
Geo
Dashboard
Supervisor
Trajectory Smoothing + Waiting time calculation

10. Re-ordering
● Out-of-order events are possible in most of
the event processing scenarios.
● Multiple approaches to deal with the disorder
introduced by the out-of-order events exist.
○ Buffer-based techniques
○ Punctuation-based techniques
○ Speculation-based techniques
○ Approximation-based techniques
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11. Re-ordering : k-slack
● Uses a buffer to sort
tuples from the input
stream in ascending
timestamp order before
presenting them to the
query operator.
● k-slack uses a buffer of
length K to delay an
event for at most K time
units
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timestamp > greatestTimestamp
timeDifference > k
timeDifference < MAX_K
timeDifference = greatestTimestamp - minTimestamp
k = timeDifference k = MAX_K
entry.getKey() + k
<= greatestTimestamp
Take next element
Emit element
Has more elements?
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes

12. Kalman Filter
● Estimate the real values from
the measured values in-
order to smooth the
trajectory.
● Given position and velocity
sensor readings (Zk
), we need
to estimate the real reading
(X’^k
).
● Kalman filter is a set of
mathematical equations.
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X’^k
Zk

13. Providing real-time information to
individuals - Contd.
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Passenger trajectory before Kalman filtering Passenger trajectory after Kalman filtering

14. Kalman Filter (Contd.)
• Calculate the best estimate (i.e.,
probably the real reading) X’^k
and
its covariance matrix P’k
• Updated Kalman gain matrix (K’k
)
need to be calculated using the
covariance matrices of the previous
estimates
• X’^k
and P’k
values are fed back to
the Kalman filter in the next round
of predict or update as many times as
required.
X’^k
= X^k-1
+ Kk-1
( Zk
- H*X^k-1
) ---------------------------------- (1)
Prediction
X^k
= A*X^k-1
----------------------------------------------------------- (2)
Pk
= A*Pk-1
AT
---------------------------------------------------------- (3)
Update
S = H*Pk
*HT
+R ------------------------------------------------------- (4)
K’k
= Pk
*HT
*S-1
------------------------------------------------------- (5)
X’^k
= X^k
+ K’k
( Zk
- H*X^k
) ------------------------------------ (6)
P’k
= Pk
- K’k
*H*Pk
------------------------------------------------- (7)
Where,
A = [1 timeDifference; 0 1]
Initially, the time difference is assumed as 0
X = [previouslyEstimatedValue; ChangingRate]
Initially, the previously estimated value was assumed as the
initial measured value
P = [1000 0; 0 1000]
H = [1 0; 0 1]
R = [standardDeviationOfNoise 0; 0 standardDeviationOfNoise]
standardDeviationOfNoise = 0.01
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15. Front-end Information Services :
Predicting the service time
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WSO2 DAS
Customer
Persisted
Wait-time
stream
DAS
Table
Access
Linear
Regression
Analysis
Model
REST
API
Wait time
information
stream
WSO2 ML
Mobile
App
Waiting time prediction

16. Back-end Information Services :
Integrating diversified information - Airplane
Maintenance
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17. Back-end Information Services :
Integrating diversified information - Maintenance
crew management
• Technicians - need to quickly access timely information
pertaining to the process of aircraft maintenance.
• Cleaning crew - need to indicate the start/end times of
the cleaning process so that the airline officers can start
boarding process.
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18. Conclusion
• Typical airport operations are diversified and often
require interaction of multiple disconnected
information systems.
• We described how WSO2’s comprehensive
middleware platform could be leveraged to create
integrated, seamless solution for airport operations.
• DAS’s batch and interactive analytics could also be
utilized in this process in future.
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19. CONTACT US !