Authoritative Control of Housing and Introduction to Housing by Bijon B Sharma for Real Estate and Housing Developers

1. AUTHORITATIVE
CONTROL OF
HOUSING
Reference:
Introduction To Housing –
Prof Dr. Bijon B Sharma.

2. Public Health
Codes address health concerns by
specifying sanitation requirements,
ventilation standards, water supply
systems, and waste management
practices. These measures help
prevent the spread of diseases and
create healthier indoor
environments.
Energy Efficiency
Many building codes include
provisions related to energy
efficiency and sustainability. This
can involve requirements for
insulation, window performance,
lighting efficiency, and the use of
renewable energy sources, aiming
to reduce energy consumption and
minimize environmental impact
Structural Integrity
Codes provide guidelines for the
proper design and construction of
buildings to withstand various
loads, such as dead loads, live
loads, wind, seismic forces, and
more. These guidelines help
ensure the structural integrity and
stability of buildings over their
intended lifespan.
Safety
Building codes prioritize the safety
of occupants, construction workers,
and emergency responders. They
dictate standards for structural
integrity, fire resistance, electrical
wiring, plumbing systems, and
other critical aspects to mitigate the
risks of accidents, collapses, fires,
and other hazards.
WHY THE ARCHITECTS NEED TO FOLLOW THE BUILDING CODES?

3. Health and Sanitation
Codes address aspects like
ventilation, plumbing,
sanitation, and water supply,
promoting healthy living
conditions and preventing the
spread of diseases.
Economic Benefits
Many building codes include
provisions related to energy
efficiency and sustainability. This
can involve requirements for
insulation, window performance,
lighting efficiency, and the use of
renewable energy sources, aiming
to reduce energy consumption and
minimize environmental impact
Environmental Protection
Building codes may include
regulations related to
environmental sustainability,
such as water conservation,
waste management, and the
use of eco-friendly materials.
Fire Resistance
Building codes establish standards
for fire-resistant materials, fire
exits, fire alarm systems, and
sprinkler systems. These
measures are crucial in preventing
the rapid spread of fires and
ensuring safe egress for
occupants.
WHY THE ARCHITECTS NEED TO FOLLOW THE BUILDING CODES?

4. A bank working on micro-credit
constructed a multi-storied building
in a district-level town, where the
chamber for torturing the defaulting
lenders could not even be traced
from outside. The chamber was
located in the ground floor with no
external door or window and it was
accessible only from the top floor
through a hidden staircase.
In Khulna city one affluent person
arranged to construct a hidden
chamber in his house in Khulna city
for mischievous purposes like, hiding
contraband items, keeping abducted
persons, taking asylum during police
search etc.
SITUATION IN BANGLADESH
In a few extreme case, taking the above scope, the dishonest people have constructed many low-
standard and hazardous buildings in Bangladesh. We cite a few examples here.

5. Buildings under Occupancy A have been divided into the following sub- divisions:
Category A-1
DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY
DWELLING: These shall
include any building,
detached from neighboring
buildings distance required
by this Code, and having
independent access, which
is used for private dwelling
by members of a single
family.
Category A-2:
FLATS OR APARTMENTS:
These shall include any
building or portion thereof
or group of buildings in
which living quarters are
provided for more than one
family, living independently
of each other, with
independent cooking
facility for each family.
Flats or apartments may
be located in walkup
buildings, high-rise
buildings or in housing
complexes.
Category A-3
MESS, BOARDING HOUSE,
DORMITORIES AND HOSTELS :
These shall include any
building in which sleeping
and living accommodation
are provided for groups of
unrelated persons, with or
without common dining
facilities, and with
common cooking under
management control or
with individual or group
cooking facilities, for
example, mess house,
dormitories, boarding
houses, hostels and
standard students' hall of
residence.
Category A-4
MINIMUM STANDARD
HOUSING: This shall include
any building in which one
or more families are
housed, specifically built
for minimum standard
accommodation of lower
income families, in which
the minimum requirements
for hygiene and safety are
maintained for example,
multi-storied complexes,
cluster houses and
rehabilitation housing or
housing undertaken by
private low income groups
approved by the authority
Category A-5
HOTELS AND LODGING HOUSES:
These shall include any
building group of buildings
under single management,
in which sleeping and living
accommodation, with or
without dining facilities but
without cooking facilities
for individuals, is provided
for hire on transient or
permanent basis, for
example, hotels, motels,
rest houses, lodging and
rooming houses, inns and
clubs.

10. MINIMUM SIZE, WIDTH AND CEILEING HEIGHT
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
Privacy
ROOM TYPE MINIMUM SIZE MINIMUM WIDTH MINIMUM CEILING HEIGHT
Bed Room Normal 5 sqm 2.0 m 2.75 m (1/3 may be of height
2.44)
Bed Room Air- Conditioned 5 sqm 2.44 m
Bed Room Pitch Roof, No-Ceiling 5 sqm Lowest at wall- 2 m, average
2.44 m.
Largest Room At least one room in each unit 9.5 sqm 2.5 m 2.75 m
Kitchen Normal As required 1.5 m 2.75 m
Kitchen With mechanical exhaust As required 1.5 m 2.15 m
Kitchen With dining As required 1.5 m 4 m
Kitchen With dining and sleeping
provisions
7.5 sqm 2.2 m 2.75 m
Bathroom Only bathroom 2.15 sqm 1 m 2.15 m
Bathroom With hand wash basin 2.8 sqm 1 m 2.15 m
Toilet Toilet 1.2 sqm 1 m 2.15 m
Toilet Bath/Toilet 2.8 sqm 1 m 2.15 m
Store Room 1.5 sqm 1 m 2.2 m

11. LIGHTING, NOISE LEVEL AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
Privacy
ROOM TYPE/LOCATION RECOMMENDED
ILLUMINATION IN LUX
INTRUSIVE NOISE
LEVEL
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
LITERS PER PERSON
Bed Room General ( including hotel
bedroom)
50 Dba- 35
NR- 25
5
Bed Room Bed head. dressing table 150 5
Living Room 150 Dba- 45
NR- 35
5
Kitchen At working height 200 50
Dining Room At table 100
Bath Room General 100
Bath Room Saving, make up 300
Stairs 100
Lounges 100
Garage and Porch 70
Sewing and Darning 600
Reading/Study Casual 150
Homework and sustained
reading
300
* The net clear open
area required for
breathing shall be
taken as 5% of the
floor area.

12. OPENING IN WALL AND OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
Privacy
ROOM TYPE/LOCATION MINIMUM OPENING
IN WALLS
(% FLOOR AREA)
RECOMMENDED
OUTDOOR AIR
QUANTITY
MINIMUM LITERS
PER PERSON
Bed Room General ( including hotel
bedroom)
15% 3.5 - 5 2.5
Bed Room Bed head. dressing table 15% 3.5 - 5 2.5
Living Room 15% 3.5 - 5 2.5
Kitchen At working height 18% 15 - 20 10
Bath Room General 10% (Minimum 1 sqm)
Bath Room Saving, make up
Stairs 10% (Minimum 1 sqm in
every floor)
Lounges
Garage and Porch
Sewing and Darning
Reading/Study Casual 15%
Store 10%
* The net clear open
area required for
breathing shall be
taken as 5% of the
floor area.

13. ELEVATORS
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
Privacy
TYPES OF BUILDING MAXIMUM INTERVAL
IN SECONDS
MINIMUM 5 MINUTE
PASSENGER HANDLING
CAPACITY (11%)
OCCUPANT LOADS
FOR ESTIMATION OF
POPULATION
CAR SPEED IN METER
PER SECONDS
Height and Speed
Residential Building 90 5 1.7 persons per
bedroom
H-2 to 6
S- 0.75
H-7 to 12
S- 1
H-13 to 20
S- 2
H-21 to 25
S- 2.6
H-26 to 30
S- 2.5 to 3.5
H-31 to 40
S- 2.5 to 3.5
H-41 to 50
S- 2.5 to 3.5
H-51 to 60
S- 2.5 to 3.5
H-Over 60
S- 2.5 to 3.5
Dormitories.
Hall of residence
70 15 20 sqm. Net usable area
per person
Same as above

14. HANDLING CAPACITY OF ELEVATORS
H = Passenger Handling capacity of the lift system during 5 minute peak period expressed as the % of the
estimated total population handled.
Q = Average number of passengers carried in each car per trip.
N = Number of the lifts in the system.
H = (300 * Q * N * 100) / (P * T)
P = Total population to be handled during peak period (it is related to the area for which a particular bank of
lifts serve).
T = Average trip time in seconds, that is the average time required by each lift talking one full load of
passengers from ground floor discharge in various upper floor and coming back to ground floor for next trip).

15. MEANS OF ESCAPE
Exit
The door or
other opening
Exit Access
Travel distance
from the person to
exit door
Exit Discharge
From exit door
to safe refuge
• Means of escape also means doorway, corridor or passage leading to exterior, or interior staircase, smoke and fireproof
enclosure, or to ramp, balcony, fire escape having direct access to street, roof of a building or any designated refuge area.
• Lifts, escalators and moving walks will not be considered as means of escape.
• In all buildings including Housing, there must be reasonably safe means of escape.
• An exit shall not be used for any purpose that may interfere with exit in emergency.
• All exits shall be clearly visible, if required with signs.
• Occupant load, or the number of persons for whom the exit will be designed is calculated in Housing on the basis of 1 person for
every 18 sqm gross floor area.
1
2
3

16. EXITWAY WIDTH
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
OCCUPANCY BUILDINGS WITHOUT
SPRINKLERSYSTEM
(MM PER PERSON)
BUILDINGS WITH
SPRINKLERSYSTEM
(MM PER PERSON)
Stairways Corridor and Ramp Door Stairways Ramp and Corridor Door
Residential 8 5 4 5 4 4
* The length of dead
end having no exit
shall not exceed 10 m.
EXIT DOORWAY, STAIRWAY AND RAMP
DOOR STAIRWAY RAMP NUMBER OF EXIT
Minimum
Width
1 m Width in
Meter
User Width User Nos
Clear Height 2 m A-1 1.0 For occupants
max. 50
0.9 m Less than 500 1
Occupant Door Type A-2 1.0 For more
than 50
1.1 m 501 to 1000 3
Less than 50 Slide swinging
type
A-3 1.5 More than 1000 4
50 and over Only outward
swinging type
A-4 1.5
A-5 0.75

17. EXIT ACCESS OR TRAVEL DISTANCE
DESIGN OF
HOUSING
Culture
MIN. WIDTH OF
CORRIDOR
PASSAGEWAY
CLEAR
HEIGHT
FIRE RATING OF EXIT ACCESS
CORRIDOR
TRAVEL DISTANCE
Max. 12 Min. 2.4 m Min. 1 hour Max. 23 m
50 or Less 0.9 m Min. 2.4 m Min. 1 hour Max. 23 m
Above 50 1.1 m Min. 2.4 m Min. 1 hour Max. 23 m

18. THANK YOU
FOR WATCHING
PRESENTATION
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION
FEEL FREE TO ASK 